丁苯酞软胶囊治疗基底动脉尖综合征的疗效观察

目的 观察丁苯酞软胶囊治疗轻、中度基底动脉尖综合征的临床疗效.方法 将60例轻、中度基底尖动脉综合征患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各30例.对照组予以常规治疗,治疗组在常规治疗基础上加用丁基苯酞软胶囊口服,疗程为14d.采用NIHSS评分与BI评分评价治疗前,治疗后第7天和第14天两组的神经功能与日常生活能力.结果 治疗后两组的NIHSS评分显著降低,BI评分显著增高(P＜0.05).治疗组在治疗后第7天和第14天的NIHSS评分明显低于治疗前及对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);在治疗后第7天和第14天的BI评分则明显高于治疗前及对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 丁苯酞软胶囊治疗轻度中度基底动脉尖综合征具有较好的临床疗效.     

丁苯酞软胶囊治疗进展性脑梗死50例疗效分析

目的：观察丁苯酞软胶囊治疗进展性脑梗死的临床疗效。方法将100例进展性脑梗死患者随机分为治疗组与对照组各50例。对照组予脑梗死常规治疗，治疗组在对照组常规治疗基础上给予丁苯酞软胶囊0.2 g口服，3次／d ，疗程14 d。2组治疗前和治疗后7 d、14 d分别进行神经功能缺损评分（CSS）与日常生活活动能力量表（Barthel Index ，BI）评分情况。结果治疗14 d后2组疗效差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。治疗组治疗前与治疗后7 d及治疗14 d CSS评分、BI评分比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。对照组治疗前与治疗后7 d CSS评分差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05），BI评分差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）；治疗14 d后CSS评分、BI评分差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。治疗7 d后2组CSS评分、BI评分差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；治疗14 d后2组CSS评分、BI评分差异有统计学意义（P＜0．01）。结论丁苯酞治疗进展性脑梗死疗效肯定。     

丁苯酞联合依达拉奉治疗急性脑梗死的疗效观察

目的 探讨丁苯酞联合依达拉奉治疗急性脑梗死的疗效观察.方法 选取80例急性脑梗死患者随机分为2组,2组在给予改善微循环等常规治疗的基础之上,治疗组给予丁苯酞联合依达拉奉治疗,对照组单纯应用依达拉奉治疗,对比2组的临床疗效及治疗前后神经功能缺损程度评分(NIHSS).结果 治疗组总有效率87.5％,对照组总有效率65.00％(P＜0.05);治疗组NIHSS评分较对照组有明显改善,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 丁苯酞联合依达拉奉治疗能有效促进急性脑梗死患者的神经功能恢复,为临床提供新的治疗策略.     

丁苯酞软胶囊治疗急性脑梗死疗效观察

目的 评估丁苯酞软胶囊治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效及安全性.方法 131例急性脑梗死患者随机分为2组,对照组受常规治疗,治疗组加用丁苯酞软胶囊治疗,0.2 g/次,qid,疗程14 d.观察2组治疗前后神经功能缺损程度评分(NIHSS)、日常生活能力和不良反应.结果 2组总有效率比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),2组神...     

依达拉奉联合丁苯酞对急性脑梗死患者的预后影响

目的探讨依达拉奉联合丁苯酞对急性脑梗死患者血清氨基末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平变化及预后的影响。方法选择商丘市中心医院96例急性脑梗死患者,建档顺序分为治疗组和对照组各48例。2组均予以常规治疗,于此基础上对照组仅采取依达拉奉治疗,观察组联合丁苯酞治疗,均持续治疗2周。统计对比2组治疗前、治疗2周后神经功能缺损评分(NIHSS)、日常生活能力评分(BI),检测2组治疗前、治疗2周后血清NT-proBNP、CRP水平,观察2组临床疗效和不良反应发生情况。结果 2组治疗前NIHSS评分、BI评分及血清NT-proBNP、CRP水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗2周后观察组BI评分较对照组升高,NIHSS评分及血清NT-proBNP、CRP水平较对照组下降,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组总有效率为89.58%(43/48)高于对照组70.83%(34/48),差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组不良反应发生率6.25%(3/48)与对照组4.17%(2/48)相比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论急性脑梗死患者联合应用依达拉奉与丁苯酞治疗效果显著,可有效降低患者血清氨基末端脑钠肽前体、C反应蛋白水平,提高其日常生活能力,且安全性较高。     

丁苯酞治疗分支动脉粥样硬化病脑梗死的临床疗效及安全性

目的评价丁苯酞治疗分支动脉粥样硬化病脑梗死的临床疗效及安全性。方法采用随机对照设计,将64例急性脑梗死患者,随机分为丁苯酞治疗组(32例)和对照组(32例)。两组患者诊断均采用高木诚等提出的诊断标准进行诊断,全部患者均给予口服阿司匹林、阿托伐他汀钙,静脉滴注奥扎格雷钠。治疗组在常规治疗的基础上使用丁苯酞50 mg·d-1,静脉滴注,连续治疗14d。两组患者均在治疗前后进行神经功能缺损程度评分(NIHSS)和日常生活活动能力评分(BI)。结果两组患者治疗前NIHSS评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后NIHSS评分均较治疗前降低(P<0.05);治疗组治疗后NIHSS评分明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗前BI评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后BI评分均较治疗前增高(P<0.05);治疗组治疗后BI评分明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗过程中未见不良反应。结论丁苯酞能显著改善分支动脉粥样硬化病脑梗死患者的神经功能缺损及日常生活活动能力,疗效确切,安全性好。     

丁苯酞软胶囊治疗急性大面积脑梗死疗效观察

目的观察丁苯酞软胶囊治疗急性大面积脑梗死的疗效。方法对60例大面积脑梗死患者随机分为对照组和治疗组,对照组按脑血管病防治指南给予规范治疗,治疗组在规范化的治疗基础上加用丁苯酞软胶囊0.2g/次,3次/d,分别在治疗第2、4、8周应用美国国立卫生研究所脑卒中评分(NIHSS)和日常生活能力指数(BI)进行评分。结果治疗第2周,治疗组NIHSS评分降低不明显,BI提高亦不明显,与对照组比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗第4、8周后治疗组的NIH-SS评分明显降低,BI明显提高,与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论丁苯酞软胶囊对急性大面积脑梗死疗效显著。     

早期使用丁苯酞注射液治疗基底节区脑梗死对侧支循环建立及神经功能的影响

目的探讨早期使用丁苯酞注射液治疗基底节区脑梗死对侧支循环建立及神经功能的影响。方法根据治疗方法将121例基底节区脑梗死患者分为丁苯酞组53例和对照组68例。两组患者给予脱水剂,胃黏膜保护剂、抗血小板聚集药、调脂药、扩血管药、活血化瘀中药、脑保护药物及其他对症支持治疗,丁苯酞组于发病24 h内加用丁苯酞注射液100 ml,静脉滴注2次/d。于入院第4~5 d采用CTA检查观察所有患者侧支循环的建立情况。于入院时、第2周及第3个月进行NIHSS评分。结果丁苯酞组37例(69.8%)建立侧支循环,对照组38例(55.9%)建立侧支循环。丁苯酞组侧支循环建立率显著高于对照组(P0.05)。丁苯酞组及对照组入院时NIHSS评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。与丁苯酞组比较,对照组第2周及第3个月NIHSS评分显著升高(P0.05~0.01)。结论早期使用丁苯酞注射液治疗的基底节区脑梗死患者可促进脑梗死部位的侧支循环的建立,减轻脑梗死症状,改善预后。     

丁苯酞与马来酸桂哌齐特联合治疗对急性脑梗死患者神经功能的影响

目的 观察丁苯酞联合马来酸桂哌齐特治疗急性脑梗死的疗效及安全性。方法 连续选择符合入选条件的160例急性脑梗死的患者,采用随机数字表法分为4组。联合治疗组（n=40）、丁苯酞组（n=40）、马来酸桂哌齐特组（n=40）和常规治疗组（n=40）。在治疗前、治疗后第14天及180天分别采取美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale，NIHSS）和Barthel指数（Barthel Index，BI）评定神经功能缺损程度及日常生活活动能力，并统计不良事件发生情况。结果 治疗后第14天的NIHSS评分，与常规治疗组比较，丁苯酞组或马来酸桂哌齐特组均无统计学差异（P>0.05），使用联合治疗组有很好的协同作用（P＜0.01）。治疗后第14天的Barthel指数，丁苯酞组或马来酸桂哌齐特组均有统计学差异（P=0.029，P=0.002），且使用联合治疗组疗效更显著（P=0.001）。治疗后第180天NIHSS评分和Barthel指数，丁苯酞组或马来酸桂哌齐特组以及联合治疗组均有疗效（P均<0.01），且联合治疗组效果更显著。联合治疗组有1例、丁苯酞组有2例、常规治疗组有1例出现胃部不适,给予对症治疗后好转。结论 丁苯酞联合马来酸桂哌齐特治疗急性脑梗死具有很好的协同作用，是治疗急性脑梗死的一种安全而有效方法。     

丁苯酞氯化钠注射液治疗前循环进展性脑梗死的疗效观察

目的探讨丁苯酞氯化钠注射液治疗前循环进展性脑梗死的临床效果。方法选取于我院住院的60例急性前循环进展性脑梗死患者,按照随机数字表法分为2组各30例。2组均应用胞二磷胆碱针、肠溶阿司匹林片等治疗,治疗组加用丁苯酞氯化钠注射液治疗。比较2组治疗前后NIHSS及BI评分变化。结果 2组NIHSS及BI指数评分治疗前后差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论应用丁苯酞氯化钠注射液可改善患者中枢神经功能的损伤,不良反应少。     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

腺垂体功能减退症临床特征变化分析

目的探讨腺垂体功能减退症患者的病因结构变化及临床表现。方法回顾性分析我院2013-01—2016-12住院及门诊78例腺垂体功能减退症患者的临床资料。结果男32例(41.03%),女46例(58.97%);诊断时年龄11~89岁,平均62.5岁;鞍区占位(包括术前及术后)52例(66.67%),席汉综合征8例(10.26%),空泡蝶鞍9例(11.65%),病因不明8例(10.26%),垂体-下丘脑发育不良1例(1.28%)。首次就诊科室:纳差厌食、恶心呕吐就诊于消化内科36例(46.15%)最常见。ACTH+TSH+Gn+G激素缺乏为19例最多,占24.36%,ACTH+TSH+Gn缺乏15例,占19.23%。结论腺垂体功能减退症病因结构发生变化,发病人群、首发症状及受累激素也不同,患者女性多于男性,发病年龄偏高,症状不典型,分布于临床多个科室,其中以低钠血症为首发临床表现就诊消化内科最多。     

Standards of instrumentation of EMG

Standardization of Electromyography (EMG) instrumentation is of particular importance to ensure high quality recordings. This consensus report on “Standards of Instrumentation of EMG” is an update and extension of the earlier IFCN Guidelines published in 1999. First, a panel of experts in different fields from different geographical distributions was invited to submit a section on their particular interest and expertise. Then, the merged document was circulated for comments and edits until a consensus emerged.The first sections in this document cover technical aspects such as instrumentation, EMG hardware and software including amplifiers and filters, digital signal analysis and instrumentation settings. Other sections cover the topics such as temporary storage, trigger and delay line, averaging, electrode types, stimulation techniques for optimal and standardised EMG examinations, and the artefacts electromyographers may face and safety rules they should follow. Finally, storage of data and databases, report generators and external communication are summarized.     

帕金森病运动症状进展分析

目的分析帕金森病(PD)患者运动症状进展特点。方法采用PD统一评分量表(UPDRS)Ⅲ对912例PD患者进行评估。结果与病程1年的患者比较,除病程1~2年的患者外,其他病程患者的UPDRSⅢ评分、强直分、姿势或步态异常分、轴性症状总分、言语分、步态分显著升高(均P0.05),病程5~6年及14年患者的震颤分,病程5~6年、7~8年、9~13年、14年患者的运动迟缓分、姿势分显著升高(P0.05~0.01)。轴性症状进展速度高于UPDRSⅢ评分。结论 PD患者病程早期UPDRSⅢ评分进展快,震颤症状进展独立于其他症状,轴性症状评分较UPDRSⅢ更敏感地反映疾病加重趋势。     

Effects of prevention of afferentation of the development of the chick optic lobe

BONDY, S. C., M. E. HARRINGTON AND C. L. ANDERSON. Effects of prevention of afferentation on the developmentof the chick optic lobe. BRAIN RES. BULL. 3(5) 411–413, 1978.—The effects of unilateral extirpation of the right optic cup of the three-day incubated chick embryo upon the rate of synthesis and the stability of DNA in the non-innervated optic lobe, have been studied. This surgical procedure prevents innervation of the optic lobe contralateral to the removed eye, while the other optic lobe is normally innervated by retinal ganglion cells of the remaining eye. At the 20th day of incubation, the DNA content of the non-innervated lobe was below that of the paired lobe receiving normal innervation. This deficiency of cell number was caused by two events; death of an excess number of neurons formed early in embryogenesis and a reduced rate of glial proliferation in the later stages of incubation.     

Release of endogenous catecholamines from slices of hypothalamus of rats

The release of endogenous catecholamines from superfused slices of rat hypothalamus was studied under basal conditions and during release evoked by 40 mM K⁺. Catecholamines in superfusates, and in extracts of the tissue after stimulation, were isolated by column chromatography and quantitated by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Norepinephrine (NE) was not consistently demonstrable in superfusate collected under basal conditions, but 40 mM K⁺ caused the release of from 2 to 4 ng/g of tissue per min. The addition of cocaine to the superfusate caused increases in basal and evoked release of NE. Epinephrine (E) could be measured in superfusates of slices from male but not female rats and then only when cocaine was added to the superfusate. Accordingly, the concentration of E in hypothalamus was greater in male rats than in female rats. Dopamine (DA) was not consistently measurable in the spontaneous overflow from slices either in the presence or absence of cocaine. K⁺-evoked release of DA could be demonstrated in slices from female rats. The addition of cocaine increased the evoked release of DA from slices from both sexes. Corticosterone, added to cocaine, had no effects on the efflux of any of the catecholamines. The experiments suggest that neuronal reuptake of all catecholamines is very efficient in the hypothalamus both under basal conditions and during evoked release.     

Frequency of accumulation of filaments in adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells of myelinated fibers of rat spinal roots

Summary The frequency of accumulation of 6-nm filaments in the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells in the 6th lumbar dorsal and ventral roots was evaluated in 4-, 8-, 26- and 45-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The frequency was higher in 4- and 8-week-old (growing) rats than in 26- and 45-week old (mature) rats, and also higher in ventral than in dorsal roots in 4-, 8- and 26-week old rats. There were no clusters on certain groups of myelinated fibers according to the size of transverse axonal area, in both the ventral and dorsal roots. Therefore, this accumulation may reflect certain functions of the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cell during natural growth and maturation of the axon and myelin sheath.     

《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》解读

2018年,国家卫生健康委员会等10部委联合发布《关于印发全国社会心理服务体系建设试点工作方案的通知》,四川省绵阳市被列为全国第一批试点地区。绵阳市人民政府依据《中华人民共和国精神卫生法》等相关法律法规和文件精神,结合前期调查研究和社会心理服务工作的试点实际,编制出台了《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》,并于2021年12月25日起施行。本文围绕社会心理服务的相关概念、办法总则、重点内容、保障措施等方面进行解读,以期为社会心理服务工作的规范、持续和有效开展提供参考。     

Function of circle of Willis

Nearly 400 years ago, Thomas Willis described the arterial ring at the base of the brain (the circle of Willis, CW) and recognized it as a compensatory system in the case of arterial occlusion. This theory is still accepted. We present several arguments that via negativa should discard the compensatory theory. (1) Current theory is anthropocentric; it ignores other species and their analog structures. (2) Arterial pathologies are diseases of old age, appearing after gene propagation. (3) According to the current theory, evolution has foresight. (4) Its commonness among animals indicates that it is probably a convergent evolutionary structure. (5) It was observed that communicating arteries are too small for effective blood flow, and (6) missing or hypoplastic in the majority of the population. We infer that CW, under physiologic conditions, serves as a passive pressure dissipating system; without considerable blood flow, pressure is transferred from the high to low pressure end, the latter being another arterial component of CW. Pressure gradient exists because pulse wave and blood flow arrive into the skull through different cerebral arteries asynchronously, due to arterial tree asymmetry. Therefore, CW and its communicating arteries protect cerebral artery and blood–brain barrier from hemodynamic stress.     

阿立哌唑对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响

目的:比较阿立哌唑与利培酮对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响。方法:60例精神分裂患者随机平分为两组各30例,分别给予阿立哌唑和利培酮治疗。疗程8周。用生活质量综合评定问卷-74(GQOLI-74)、阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)及副反应量表(TESS)评定疗效及不良反应。结果:阿立哌唑与利培酮均能显著提高精神分裂症患者生活质量,但阿立哌唑在改善GQOLI-74总分、躯体健康及社会功能维度优于利培酮。结论:阿立哌唑治疗有利于提高精神分裂症患者生活质量。