半球切开术治疗顽固性癫痫

目的 对于单侧大脑半球弥漫性病变引起的难治性癫痫,可以用大脑半球切除术或切开术治疗.本文总结作者最近进行的3例大脑半球切开术,同时进行了相应的文献复习.方法 3例难治性癫痫,男2例,女1例,年龄分别为7、11、和15岁.均为一侧半球病变,其中实施大脑半球完全切开术2例,后象限切开术1例.手术的目的是完全孤立致痫区域.结果 3例患者分别随访22、22、12个月,其中EngelⅠ A 2例,EngelⅡ B 1例.无长期神经功能障碍或死亡病例.结论 应用神经纤维离断技术进行大脑半球切开,可获得与切除术相同的控制癫痫的良好效果.     

大脑半球切开术一例报道并文献复习

目的通过我们的1例患者探讨大脑半球切开术的操作技术并附有简单的文献复习。方法 1例12岁女孩,诊断为药物难治性癫痫。临床表现为简单部分性发作,发作频繁。影像学显示左侧大脑半球弥漫性软化灶。经过充分的术前准备,在导航系统引导下行改良的经岛周大脑半球切开术,手术过程顺利。结果术后患者恢复良好,右侧肢体运动功能无明显下降,言语功能正常。术后随访6个月未再有癫痫发作。结论结合文献复习,大脑半球切开术是功能性大脑半球切除术的彻底改良,手术操作可行,具有和大脑半球切除术相同的疗效,远期并发症明显减少。     

功能性大脑半球切除术治疗顽固性癫痫

目的 探讨功能性大脑半球切除术治疗顽固性癫痫伴有偏瘫患者的效果.方法 自2002年4月至2007年12月,笔者协助6家兄弟医院采用功能性大脑球切除术治疗8例癫痫伴有一侧半球萎缩患者.8例均经头皮脑电图和视频脑电图检查,7例病侧半球有痈波,另1例对侧(正常侧)半球有痫波.脑MRI检查均显示一侧半球广泛性萎缩改变,脑室扩大显著.在吸取Schramm等改良的功能性大脑半球切除技术基础上,采用Rasmussen的方法进行手术.结果 随访期8个月至6.4年,平均2.8年.术后癫痫控制结果采用国内术后结果评估方案评估:满意(癫痫发作完全消失)7例,但其中1例术后癫痫完全消失2年,后因自行停药,癫痫再发,经改用2种抗痈药后至今未发作;显著改善(癫痫发作减少70%)1例.术后抗痫药剂量、种类与术前相比有减少者6例,术后停药者2例.本组无死亡及严重的并发症,仅1例在同手术期发生急性癫痫持续状态,经抢救治愈.术后脑电图病侧半球6例无痫波,对侧半球(非手术侧)有痫波者2例.偏瘫情况:7例偏瘫不加重,其中6例瘫痪肢体功能有恢复,但拇指功能大多无改善;1例术后暂时性肌力下降,术后逐渐恢复并有好转.一般生活状态表现为术后性格变得温顺合作,已能上学4例,家务劳动2例,休息2例.结论 功能性大脑半球切除术治疗顽同性癫痫伴一侧半球病损的患者效果满意,且该手术并发症发生率低,值得推广应用.     

改良大脑半球切除术治疗儿童半侧巨脑畸形伴顽固性癫痫的研究

目的，探讨儿童半侧巨脑畸形并顽固性癫痫的临床、脑电图、组织学及影像学特点，以及大脑半球切除术对其治疗的效果评估。方法 对6例半侧巨脑畸形的患儿临床资料进行回顾性分析，此6例患儿的实施了大脑半球切除术的治疗。结果 6名实施了手术的患儿中5名癫痫发作完全控制，1名部分缓解，而且患儿的精神运动发育障碍得到明显改善。结论 半侧巨脑畸形的患儿有相似的临床、组织学、脑电图及影像学表现。用大脑半球切除术进行治疗可以获得成功。另外，我们认为有必要在术前和术后进行长程脑电图监测，以验证正常大脑半球中没有癫痫样的异常放电。     

大脑半球切除术治疗半侧巨脑症合并顽固性癫痫

目的　总结半侧巨脑症合并顽固性癫痫病人行大脑半球切除术治疗的临床效果。方法　经MRI检查确诊 10例半侧巨脑症病人 ,伴有顽固性癫痫 ,头颅增大不对称 ,颅腔扩大 ,偏瘫 ,不同程度的精神运动发育迟缓 ,都是一侧大脑半球损害。行病侧大脑半球切除术。结果　 7例癫痫发作完全控制 (70 % ) ,3例基本控制 (30 % )。精神运动症状 ,语言 ,肢体运动及行为均有较明显改善。结论　大脑半球切除术治疗半侧巨脑症合并顽固性癫痫 ,可以解除患者的癫痫发作及长期药物依赖 ,改善脑的功能 ,是一种有效的治疗方法     

大脑半球切除术治疗难治性癫痫近期疗效观察

目的研究大脑半球切除术治疗难治性癫痫的近期临床效果.方法对一侧半球病变伴难治性癫痫患者采用改良式半球切除术并随访临床效果.结果所有患者癫痫发作均得到有效控制,94.4% (34/36)得到完全控制.83.3%(30/36)神经功能缺失症状与术前相比无加重,其中13.9%(5/36)有不同程度的恢复.患者神经心理学评价均有不同程度的提高.结论对广泛大脑半球病变伴难治性癫痫的患者,行半球切除术,可使癫痫发作得到很好的控制.     

大脑半球离断术治疗儿童难治性癫痫

目的 探讨大脑半球离断术治疗儿童难治性癫痫的手术方法及疗效.方法 2007年8月至2011年10月北京三博脑科医院进行12例大脑半球离断手术.经侧裂半球离断术1例,经纵裂半球离断并颞叶切除4例,中央区造瘘半球离断并颞叶切除5例,颞叶、岛盖切除岛周半球离断术2例.手术年龄平均7.6岁(2.1 ～11.9岁).结果 术后随访0.5 -4.5年,Engel Ⅰ级10例,EngelⅡ级1例,Engel Ⅲ级1例.术后因离断不完全再次行离断手术1例.术后患者的认知及生活能力较术前提高,无脑积水等严重神经功能损伤及死亡病例.结论 大脑半球离断术治疗儿童半球性难治性癫痫完全缓解率83％ (10/12),手术疗效确定,是治疗儿童半球病变性癫痫的安全、有效的方法.     

儿童难治性癫痫的手术治疗

癫痫是儿童神经系统常见疾病之一,其发病原因、临床表现及治疗原则较成人癫痫具有明显差异.随着抗癫痫药物的不断创新、扩展及人们对癫痫的深入研究,大多数癫痫患儿可以得到理想的控制,但仍有部分患者经药物治疗无效而成为难治性癫痫,是外科干预治疗的潜在目标.近年来手术治疗难治性癫痫的技术得到迅速发展,特别是针对儿童难治性癫痫的手术治疗取得重大突破.目前用于儿童癫痫的外科治疗方法主要有切除性手术、毁损性手术、阻断通路手术和神经调控手术等.     

Hemispheric surgery in children with refractory epilepsy: seizure outcome, complications, and adaptive function

PURPOSE: To describe seizure control, complications, adaptive function and language skills following hemispheric surgery for epilepsy. METHODS: Retrospective chart review of patients who underwent hemispheric surgery from July 1993 to June 2004 with a minimum follow-up of 12 months. RESULTS: The study population comprised 24 children, median age at seizure onset six months and median age at surgery 41 months. Etiology included malformations of cortical development (7), infarction (7), Sturge-Weber Syndrome (6), and Rasmussen's encephalitis (4). The most frequent complication was intraoperative bleeding (17 transfused). Age <2 yr, weight <11 kg, and hemidecortication were risk factors for transfusion. Postoperative complications included aseptic meningitis (6), and hydrocephalus (3). At median follow-up of 7 yr, 79% of patients are seizure free. Children with malformations of cortical development and Rasmussen's encephalitis were more likely to have ongoing seizures. Overall adaptive function scores were low, but relative strengths in verbal abilities were observed. Shorter duration of epilepsy prior to surgery was related significantly to better adaptive functioning. CONCLUSIONS: Hemispheric surgery is an effective therapy for refractory epilepsy in children. The most common complication was bleeding. Duration of epilepsy prior to surgery is an important factor in determining adaptive outcome.     

VNS therapy in clinical practice in children with refractory epilepsy

OBJECTIVES: To study the efficacy, tolerability and safety of the vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) therapy in clinical practice, in 16 children and adolescents with refractory epilepsy. METHODOLOGY: We assessed the efficacy of VNS therapy, retrospectively by comparing seizure frequency, duration and severity at the time of most recent follow up (av: 24.9 months) to that in the 4 weeks prior to VNS surgery. Changes in quality of life, sleep and behaviour at last review was compared with that prior to VNS. Adverse effects elicited by specific questioning, spontaneous reporting and clinical examination are described. RESULTS: Vagus nerve stimulation resulted in a >50% reduction in seizure frequency in 62.5% of children with 25% achieving a >90% reduction. Vagus nerve stimulation was well tolerated in all but one of our cohort, with no serious side-effects. CONCLUSION: Our results support its role as one of the options in intractable childhood epilepsy.     

Hemispherotomy for intractable epilepsy

Context: Hemispherotomy is a surgical procedure for hemispheric disconnection. It is a technically demanding surgery. Our experience is presented here. Aims: To validate and compare the two techniques for hemispherotomy performed in patients with intractable epilepsies. Settings and Design: A retrospective study 2001-March 2007: Nineteen cases of hemispherotomies from a total of 462 cases operated for intractable epilepsy. Materials and Methods: All the cases operated for intractable epilepsy underwent a complete epilepsy surgery workup. Age range 4-23 years (mean 5.2 years), 14 males. The seizure frequency ranged from 2-200 episodes per day; four were in status; three in epilepsia partialis continua. The pathologies included Rasmussen's, hemimegelencephaly (unilateral hemispheric enlargement with severe cortical and subcortical changes), hemispheric cortical dysplasia, post-stroke, post-traumatic encephalomalacia and encephalopathy of unknown etiology. The techniques of surgery included vertical parasaggital approach and peri-insular hemispherotomy. Neuronavigation was used in seven cases. Results: Class I outcome [Engel's] was seen in 18 cases and Class II in one assessed at 32-198 weeks of follow-up. The four patients in status epilepticus had Class I outcome. Four patients had an initial worsening of weakness which improved to preoperative level in five to eight weeks. Power actually improved in three other patients at 32-36 weeks of follow-up, but hand grip weakness persisted. In all the other patients, power continued to be as in preoperative state. Cognitive profile improved in all patients and 11 cases returned back to school. Conclusions: Both techniques were equally effective, the procedure itself is very effective when indicated. Four of our cases were quite sick and were undertaken for this procedure on a semi-emergency basis.     

Psychosocial issues for children with epilepsy

Epilepsy is a pervasive disorder that consists not only of seizures, but of behavioral, academic, and social difficulties. Epilepsy has an impact on the entire family and may have a significant effect on the interrelationships between child and parent. Epilepsy also has a potentially deleterious effect on academic functioning that may be the result of central nervous system dysfunction, seizures, antiepileptic drugs, or child and family response to illness. Early assessment for psychosocial problems and appropriate interventions can be beneficial for the child and family. Particular attention should be paid to periods of transition such as the move from adolescence to adulthood.     

儿童难治性颞叶癫痫的手术治疗

目的 探讨儿童难治性颞叶癫痫术前评估和手术方法 及影响癫痫预后的因素.方法 回顾性分析2007年7月至2009年2月手术治疗的21例儿童难治性癫痫患者中得到随访的19例临床资料,主要为复杂部分性发作.多数患者有腹部不适等发作先兆和咂嘴等发作时伴随自动动作.MRI扫描15例异常.6例行PET扫描均异常.头皮脑电图示局灶痫性放电7例,多灶痫性放电12例.施行一侧颞前叶+海马、杏仁核切除术15例,一侧颞前叶、海马、杏仁核+部分额叶皮层切除术4例.结果 随访12-30个月,癫痫发作结果 ,Engel Ⅰ级13例;Ⅱ级3例;Ⅲ级1例;Ⅳ级2例.随访期间对4例进行神经心理学评估,2例明显好于术前.无永久性神经缺损并发症.术后切除标本病理诊断结果 为颞叶皮层发育不良和颞叶内侧硬化等.结论 颞叶切除治疗儿童难治性癫痫多数预后良好.该手术安全、并发症少.发作表现、EEG以及神经影像学检查对致痫灶定位相互符合时,预示预后良好.早期手术可能对患儿的神经心理学改善有帮助.