合并结节性硬化复征的室管膜下巨细胞型星形细胞瘤(附9例报告)

目的探讨合并结节性硬化复征的室管膜下巨细胞型星形细胞瘤患者的l临床、影像学以及病理学表现特征。方法对1998—2005年收治的9例合并结节性硬化复征的室管膜下巨细胞型星形细胞瘤患者的临床和影像学表现、病理学特点、治疗原则及随访结果进行回顾分析。结果9例室管膜下巨细胞型星形细胞瘤均位于室间孔周围，符合结节性硬化复征的临床诊断标准；男女之比为8：1。CT检查肿瘤实体部分呈等或稍高密度，肿瘤边界清楚，瘤内有钙化灶。MRI扫描T1WI肿瘤实体部分多呈等信号，少数可呈稍低信号；T2WI呈等或稍高信号；增强扫描肿瘤实体部分呈均匀强化。其中8例同时伴室管膜下结节，5例伴有皮质结节。其中6例经额叶皮质入路，3例经胼胝体一穹窿间入路切除肿瘤；肿瘤完全切除者7例，次全切除（〉90％）者2例，无一例手术死亡。随访2—8年，肿瘤完全切除者无复发。结论室管膜下巨细胞型星形细胞瘤为结节性硬化复征的特征性病变，手术完全切除者预后良好。结节性硬化复征所伴室管膜下病变如位于室间孔周围，引起脑积水或呈现逐渐生长趋势者。应考虑室管膜下巨细胞型星形细胞瘤的诊断，尽早施行手术治疗。     

结节性硬化症伴梗阻性脑积水1例报道

目的探讨结节性硬化症(tuberous sclerosis comlex,TSC)伴梗阻性脑积水的临床特点、影像学表现、病理学改变、鉴别诊断及治疗。方法回顾性分析1例TSC伴梗阻性脑积水患者的临床资料,并结合文献进行讨论。结果本例患者确诊为TSC,室管膜下巨细胞星形细胞瘤(subependymal giant cell astrocytoma,SEGA)待排。结论 TSC可合并SEGA,并致梗阻性脑积水,手术切除肿瘤为有效的治疗方法,辅助应用m TOR抑制剂可一定程度抑制肿瘤生长。     

结节性硬化合并室管膜下巨细胞型星形细胞瘤临床及影像学特点分析

目的 探讨结节性硬化合并室管膜下巨细胞型星形细胞瘤患者的临床特点及影像学特征,以便及早诊断与治疗.方法 收集三九脑科医院神经内科自2007年7月至2009年8月诊断为结节性硬化的48例患者的临床资料,根据患者病史、体征及影像学检查结果分析其中合并室管膜下巨细胞型星形细胞瘤的患者的临床特点和影像学特征.结果48例中4例患者合并有室管膜下巨细胞型星形细胞瘤,其中2例合并梗阻性脑积水.4例患者均为男性,平均发病年龄5岁(1～12岁);均有癫痫发作及皮肤损害,其中3例患者伴有智力低下.室管膜下巨细胞型星形细胞瘤在CT呈等密度或略低密度,有些瘤内可见钙化,呈高密度影;MRI上T1WI呈等低混合信号,T2WI呈等或高信号,FLAIR序列呈高信号,合并钙化则信号强度不均匀,增强后常有明显强化.结论 部分结节性硬化患者可合并室管膜下巨细胞型星形细胞瘤,肿瘤生长缓慢,常邻近室间孔周围,易发生梗阻性脑积水.对于结节性硬化患者应进行长期追踪,以尽早发现肿瘤.     

结节性硬化合并室管膜下巨细胞型星形细胞瘤临床及影像学特点分析

目的 探讨结节性硬化合并室管膜下巨细胞型星形细胞瘤患者的临床特点及影像学特征,以便及早诊断与治疗.方法 收集三九脑科医院神经内科自2007年7月至2009年8月诊断为结节性硬化的48例患者的临床资料,根据患者病史、体征及影像学检查结果分析其中合并室管膜下巨细胞型星形细胞瘤的患者的临床特点和影像学特征.结果48例中4例患者合并有室管膜下巨细胞型星形细胞瘤,其中2例合并梗阻性脑积水.4例患者均为男性,平均发病年龄5岁(1～12岁);均有癫痫发作及皮肤损害,其中3例患者伴有智力低下.室管膜下巨细胞型星形细胞瘤在CT呈等密度或略低密度,有些瘤内可见钙化,呈高密度影;MRI上T1WI呈等低混合信号,T2WI呈等或高信号,FLAIR序列呈高信号,合并钙化则信号强度不均匀,增强后常有明显强化.结论 部分结节性硬化患者可合并室管膜下巨细胞型星形细胞瘤,肿瘤生长缓慢,常邻近室间孔周围,易发生梗阻性脑积水.对于结节性硬化患者应进行长期追踪,以尽早发现肿瘤.     

结节性硬化合并室管膜下巨细胞型星形细胞瘤临床及影像学特点分析

目的 探讨结节性硬化合并室管膜下巨细胞型星形细胞瘤患者的临床特点及影像学特征,以便及早诊断与治疗.方法 收集三九脑科医院神经内科自2007年7月至2009年8月诊断为结节性硬化的48例患者的临床资料,根据患者病史、体征及影像学检查结果分析其中合并室管膜下巨细胞型星形细胞瘤的患者的临床特点和影像学特征.结果48例中4例患者合并有室管膜下巨细胞型星形细胞瘤,其中2例合并梗阻性脑积水.4例患者均为男性,平均发病年龄5岁(1～12岁);均有癫痫发作及皮肤损害,其中3例患者伴有智力低下.室管膜下巨细胞型星形细胞瘤在CT呈等密度或略低密度,有些瘤内可见钙化,呈高密度影;MRI上T1WI呈等低混合信号,T2WI呈等或高信号,FLAIR序列呈高信号,合并钙化则信号强度不均匀,增强后常有明显强化.结论 部分结节性硬化患者可合并室管膜下巨细胞型星形细胞瘤,肿瘤生长缓慢,常邻近室间孔周围,易发生梗阻性脑积水.对于结节性硬化患者应进行长期追踪,以尽早发现肿瘤.     

室管膜下巨细胞星形细胞瘤

<正>室管膜下巨细胞星形细胞瘤(SEGA)是临床少见的生长缓慢的神经上皮组织肿瘤,属WHOⅠ级,仅占原发性中枢神经系统肿瘤的0.1%,好发于20岁以下儿童和青少年、偶见于成人,男性多于女性,多发生于结节性硬化症(TSC)患者。肿瘤好发于侧脑室室间孔区,第三和第四脑室及基底节区少见,典型者可堵塞室间孔致梗阻性脑积水。CT呈等密度,强度不均匀,多合并     

室管膜下巨细胞星形细胞瘤1例并文献复习

目的探讨室管膜下巨细胞星形细胞瘤(SEGA)的临床特点、诊断及治疗方法。方法回顾性分析1例SEGA病人的临床资料,经左侧大脑胼胝体入路切除。结果肿瘤次全切除,透明隔造瘘术有助于缓解脑积水,病理检查为室管膜下巨细胞星形细胞瘤,术后恢复良好。随访6个月,MRI未见复发。结论 SGCA是TS在中枢神经系统的特征病变,是少见的良性局限性脑肿瘤,临床和影像学具有特征表现,治疗首选手术切除,术后定期随访。     

结节性硬化与颅内肿瘤

结节性硬化，又称Bouneville病，以智力低下、癫痫发作、面部皮脂腺瘤为主要临床表现。该病可合并各器官肿瘤，部分病例合并颅内胶质瘤，其中以室管膜下巨细胞星形细胞瘤最为常见。现就其流行病学、临床特点、肿瘤起源、病理学特点、治疗及预后等方面进行综述。     

结节性硬化合并室管膜下巨细胞星形细胞瘤

目的 探讨室管膜下巨细胞星形细胞瘤的临床特点、诊断方法和治疗原则.方法 1996年9月至2006年4月,共17例室管膜下巨细胞星形细胞瘤患者,其中采用经胼胝体入路11例,经额部皮质造瘘入路6例;所有患者均进行随访,随访时间为3-123个月.结果 17例患者共18个肿瘤,全切15例,大部切除2例,1例患者未行手术治疗,2年后死亡,1例患者在手术后3个月死亡.有3例患者在手术后需要分流.其余15例患者目前均存活良好,无手术相关并发症,肿瘤目前无复发.未见到放疗对肿瘤生长有影响.结论 手术治疗是该肿瘤惟一有效的治疗方法,经胼胝体入路和经额人路均可以很好地切除肿瘤.     

1993年Kleihues等确定的WHO脑肿瘤组织学分类

（一）神经上皮组织肿瘤１－星形细胞来源的肿瘤（１）星形细胞瘤变异型：①纤维性星形细胞瘤;②原浆性星形细胞瘤;③肥胖性星形细胞瘤（２）间变性（恶性）星形细胞瘤（３）胶质母细胞瘤变异型：①巨细胞胶质母细胞瘤;②胶质肉瘤（４）毛细胞性星形细胞瘤（５）多形性黄色星形细胞瘤（６）室管膜下巨细胞星形细胞瘤（常伴结节性硬化）２－少突胶质细胞来源肿瘤（１）少突胶质细胞瘤（２）间变性（恶性）少突胶质细胞瘤３－室管膜细胞来源肿瘤（１）室管膜瘤变异型：细胞型、乳头型、透明细胞型（２）间变性（恶性）室管膜瘤（３）粘液乳…     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

腺垂体功能减退症临床特征变化分析

目的探讨腺垂体功能减退症患者的病因结构变化及临床表现。方法回顾性分析我院2013-01—2016-12住院及门诊78例腺垂体功能减退症患者的临床资料。结果男32例(41.03%),女46例(58.97%);诊断时年龄11~89岁,平均62.5岁;鞍区占位(包括术前及术后)52例(66.67%),席汉综合征8例(10.26%),空泡蝶鞍9例(11.65%),病因不明8例(10.26%),垂体-下丘脑发育不良1例(1.28%)。首次就诊科室:纳差厌食、恶心呕吐就诊于消化内科36例(46.15%)最常见。ACTH+TSH+Gn+G激素缺乏为19例最多,占24.36%,ACTH+TSH+Gn缺乏15例,占19.23%。结论腺垂体功能减退症病因结构发生变化,发病人群、首发症状及受累激素也不同,患者女性多于男性,发病年龄偏高,症状不典型,分布于临床多个科室,其中以低钠血症为首发临床表现就诊消化内科最多。     

Standards of instrumentation of EMG

Standardization of Electromyography (EMG) instrumentation is of particular importance to ensure high quality recordings. This consensus report on “Standards of Instrumentation of EMG” is an update and extension of the earlier IFCN Guidelines published in 1999. First, a panel of experts in different fields from different geographical distributions was invited to submit a section on their particular interest and expertise. Then, the merged document was circulated for comments and edits until a consensus emerged.The first sections in this document cover technical aspects such as instrumentation, EMG hardware and software including amplifiers and filters, digital signal analysis and instrumentation settings. Other sections cover the topics such as temporary storage, trigger and delay line, averaging, electrode types, stimulation techniques for optimal and standardised EMG examinations, and the artefacts electromyographers may face and safety rules they should follow. Finally, storage of data and databases, report generators and external communication are summarized.     

Effects of prevention of afferentation of the development of the chick optic lobe

BONDY, S. C., M. E. HARRINGTON AND C. L. ANDERSON. Effects of prevention of afferentation on the developmentof the chick optic lobe. BRAIN RES. BULL. 3(5) 411–413, 1978.—The effects of unilateral extirpation of the right optic cup of the three-day incubated chick embryo upon the rate of synthesis and the stability of DNA in the non-innervated optic lobe, have been studied. This surgical procedure prevents innervation of the optic lobe contralateral to the removed eye, while the other optic lobe is normally innervated by retinal ganglion cells of the remaining eye. At the 20th day of incubation, the DNA content of the non-innervated lobe was below that of the paired lobe receiving normal innervation. This deficiency of cell number was caused by two events; death of an excess number of neurons formed early in embryogenesis and a reduced rate of glial proliferation in the later stages of incubation.     

《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》解读

2018年,国家卫生健康委员会等10部委联合发布《关于印发全国社会心理服务体系建设试点工作方案的通知》,四川省绵阳市被列为全国第一批试点地区。绵阳市人民政府依据《中华人民共和国精神卫生法》等相关法律法规和文件精神,结合前期调查研究和社会心理服务工作的试点实际,编制出台了《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》,并于2021年12月25日起施行。本文围绕社会心理服务的相关概念、办法总则、重点内容、保障措施等方面进行解读,以期为社会心理服务工作的规范、持续和有效开展提供参考。     

帕金森病运动症状进展分析

目的分析帕金森病(PD)患者运动症状进展特点。方法采用PD统一评分量表(UPDRS)Ⅲ对912例PD患者进行评估。结果与病程1年的患者比较,除病程1~2年的患者外,其他病程患者的UPDRSⅢ评分、强直分、姿势或步态异常分、轴性症状总分、言语分、步态分显著升高(均P0.05),病程5~6年及14年患者的震颤分,病程5~6年、7~8年、9~13年、14年患者的运动迟缓分、姿势分显著升高(P0.05~0.01)。轴性症状进展速度高于UPDRSⅢ评分。结论 PD患者病程早期UPDRSⅢ评分进展快,震颤症状进展独立于其他症状,轴性症状评分较UPDRSⅢ更敏感地反映疾病加重趋势。     

Release of endogenous catecholamines from slices of hypothalamus of rats

The release of endogenous catecholamines from superfused slices of rat hypothalamus was studied under basal conditions and during release evoked by 40 mM K⁺. Catecholamines in superfusates, and in extracts of the tissue after stimulation, were isolated by column chromatography and quantitated by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Norepinephrine (NE) was not consistently demonstrable in superfusate collected under basal conditions, but 40 mM K⁺ caused the release of from 2 to 4 ng/g of tissue per min. The addition of cocaine to the superfusate caused increases in basal and evoked release of NE. Epinephrine (E) could be measured in superfusates of slices from male but not female rats and then only when cocaine was added to the superfusate. Accordingly, the concentration of E in hypothalamus was greater in male rats than in female rats. Dopamine (DA) was not consistently measurable in the spontaneous overflow from slices either in the presence or absence of cocaine. K⁺-evoked release of DA could be demonstrated in slices from female rats. The addition of cocaine increased the evoked release of DA from slices from both sexes. Corticosterone, added to cocaine, had no effects on the efflux of any of the catecholamines. The experiments suggest that neuronal reuptake of all catecholamines is very efficient in the hypothalamus both under basal conditions and during evoked release.     

Frequency of accumulation of filaments in adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells of myelinated fibers of rat spinal roots

Summary The frequency of accumulation of 6-nm filaments in the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells in the 6th lumbar dorsal and ventral roots was evaluated in 4-, 8-, 26- and 45-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The frequency was higher in 4- and 8-week-old (growing) rats than in 26- and 45-week old (mature) rats, and also higher in ventral than in dorsal roots in 4-, 8- and 26-week old rats. There were no clusters on certain groups of myelinated fibers according to the size of transverse axonal area, in both the ventral and dorsal roots. Therefore, this accumulation may reflect certain functions of the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cell during natural growth and maturation of the axon and myelin sheath.     

Function of circle of Willis

Nearly 400 years ago, Thomas Willis described the arterial ring at the base of the brain (the circle of Willis, CW) and recognized it as a compensatory system in the case of arterial occlusion. This theory is still accepted. We present several arguments that via negativa should discard the compensatory theory. (1) Current theory is anthropocentric; it ignores other species and their analog structures. (2) Arterial pathologies are diseases of old age, appearing after gene propagation. (3) According to the current theory, evolution has foresight. (4) Its commonness among animals indicates that it is probably a convergent evolutionary structure. (5) It was observed that communicating arteries are too small for effective blood flow, and (6) missing or hypoplastic in the majority of the population. We infer that CW, under physiologic conditions, serves as a passive pressure dissipating system; without considerable blood flow, pressure is transferred from the high to low pressure end, the latter being another arterial component of CW. Pressure gradient exists because pulse wave and blood flow arrive into the skull through different cerebral arteries asynchronously, due to arterial tree asymmetry. Therefore, CW and its communicating arteries protect cerebral artery and blood–brain barrier from hemodynamic stress.     

阿立哌唑对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响

目的:比较阿立哌唑与利培酮对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响。方法:60例精神分裂患者随机平分为两组各30例,分别给予阿立哌唑和利培酮治疗。疗程8周。用生活质量综合评定问卷-74(GQOLI-74)、阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)及副反应量表(TESS)评定疗效及不良反应。结果:阿立哌唑与利培酮均能显著提高精神分裂症患者生活质量,但阿立哌唑在改善GQOLI-74总分、躯体健康及社会功能维度优于利培酮。结论:阿立哌唑治疗有利于提高精神分裂症患者生活质量。