肌电图在糖尿病周围神经病变诊断中的临床应用

目的分析神经肌电图(EMG)在2型糖尿病(T2DM)合并糖尿病周围神经病变(DPN)诊断中的应用价值。方法选取200例T2DM合并DPN患者为研究对象,根据患者的T2DM病程长短分为A组、B组、C组和D组,应用EMG对四级患者的上肢正中神经、尺神经的运动传导速度(MCV)和感觉传导速度(SCV)、下肢的腓总神经MCV、腓浅神经SCV、胫神经H反射和尺神经f波进行检测和比较。结果 A组的EMG异常检出率显著高于其他3组(χ2=4.604、9.558、17.420,P0.05),B组显著高于D组(χ2=5.034,P0.05);A组患者的腓总神经MCV异常检出率显著高于C组或D组(χ2=5.514、9.007,P0.05);A组患者的腓浅神经SCV异常检出率显著高于其他3组(χ2=6.000、6.484、19.841,P0.05),B组、C组均显著高于D组(χ2=4.602、4.905,P0.05);A组的胫神经H反射异常检出率显著高于其他3组(χ2=7.332、17.160、24.008,P0.05),B组显著高于D组(χ2=5.784,P0.05)。结论随着T2DM病程的进展,DPN患者的EMG异常率会出现显著上升,主要表现为腓总神经MCV、腓浅神经SCV和胫神经H反射异常率的显著升高,临床医生应综合考虑患者的EMG变化情况以针对DPN进行早期诊断和及时治疗。     

61例糖尿病患者周围神经传导速度临床分析

目的 探讨周围神经传导速度（NCV）在糖尿病性周围神经病（DPN）诊断中的价值。方法 对61例糖尿病（DM）患者行正中神经、尺神经和腓总神经运动传导速度（MCV）及正中神经、尺神经和腓浅神经感觉传导速度（SCV）进行检测。结果 61例糖尿病患者NCV异常率为81．97％（50／61）。共检测732条神经,MCV366条．SCV366条,异常率分别为27．05％（99／366）、49．45％（181／366）,差异有非常显著性意义（P〈0．01）。上肢检测488条神经,异常率为30．94％（151／488）;下肢检测244条神经,异常率为48．77％（119／244）,差异有非常显著性意义（P〈0．01）。结论 检测周围神经传导速度不但可以早期诊断糖尿病性周围神经病,而且有助于发现亚临床患者,是DPN的重要辅助检查手段。     

神经肌电图在合并周围神经病变的Ⅱ型糖尿病患者中的意义

目的主要探讨的是神经肌电图在Ⅱ型糖尿病患者周围神经病变的早期诊断中的价值。方法分析2011年7月至2014年1月在我院治疗的Ⅱ型糖尿病患者的临床资料。入组的Ⅱ型糖尿病患者根据患者的病程进行分组,包括A组（病程〉10年）、B组（病程1-10年）和C组（病程〈1年）。比较三组患者的临床资料,正中、尺神经、腓总神经的MCV（运动传导速度）,SCV（感觉传导速度）以及胫神经H反射和尺神经f波的情况。结果本研究共纳入研究对象180例,其中A组57例,B组65例,C组58例。三组患者的正中神经（χ2=9.104,P=0.011）、尺神经（χ2=9.335,P=0.009）、腓总神经（χ2=9.898,P=0.007）的MCV异常比例均存在着显著的差异,且病程越长,异常率越高;三组患者的正中神经（χ2=13.44,P=0.001）、尺神经（χ2=13.56,P=0.001）、腓总神经（χ2=24.09,P=0.000）的SCV异常比例均存在着显著的差异,病程越长,异常率越高;三组患者胫神经H反射异常比例存在显著的差异（χ2=19.12,P=0.000）,且病程越长,异常率越高。而尺神经F波异常比例并无统计学差异（χ2=3.152,P=0.207）。结论Ⅱ型糖尿病患者的病程越长,相应的尺神经、正中神经、腓总神经的MCV、SCV中的异常比例,以及胫神经的H反射异常检出率越高。结合尺神经F波可早期客观检测到糖尿病周围神经病神经近端损害,提高早期诊断。     

遗传性压力易感性周围神经病临床神经电生理检测的意义

目的探讨遗传性压力易感性周围神经病（hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies，HNPP）的临床神经电生理改变。方法对1个HNPP家系的先证者及5例家系患者进行神经传导速度检测，并对先证者进行病理组织学检查。结果先证者正中神经、尺神经、腓肠神经感觉神经传导速度（SCV）均减慢；正中神经、尺神经、腓总神经运动神经传导速度（MCV）均减慢。病理结果提示腊肠样结构改变（部分有髓神经纤维的髓鞘出现显著增厚，符合髓鞘肥厚性周围神经病的病理改变，提示HNPP）。共检查家系中5例患者的36条神经。感觉神经传导检测结果：30条神经SCV异常。其中正中神经异常率12／12；尺神经异常率10／12；腓肠神经异常率8／12。感觉纤维最易累及的神经为正中神经，其次为尺神经、腓肠神经。正中神经SCV平均减慢35．1％，平均37．7m／s；尺神经SCV平均减慢31．6％，平均39．7m／s；腓肠神经SCV平均减慢19．4％，平均38.6m／s。受损程度以正中神经最重，其次为尺神经、腓肠神经。运动神经传导检测结果：运动神经诱发电位潜伏期延长者21条。所查神经远端MCV异常率24／36，其中尺神经异常8条。正中神经异常7条，腓总神经异常9条。减慢的尺神经沟下至腕部MCV平均39．7m／s，减慢31．6％；减慢的正中神经平均50，0m／s，减慢11，3％；减慢的腓总神经平均39．3m／s，减慢21．2％；尺神经沟上至沟下异常率75．0％，平均40m／s，平均减慢34，4％；腓骨小头上下异常率33．3％。减慢的MCV平均35，3m／s，平均减慢31％。运动纤维最易累及的神经为腓总神经，其次为尺神经、正中神经。结论HNPP患者可伴有大部分神经传导障碍，可靠的神经电生理检查是诊断HNPP的重要依据，在无症状的HNPP患者及其家属也可出现神经传导障碍。在HNPP患者，嵌压处神经更易受损。     

138例糖尿病患者神经电图分析

目的探讨2型糖尿病患者周围神经病变(DPN)的神经电生理特点及其与病程的关系。方法连续记录138例血糖控制良好的糖尿病患者神经电图(包括感觉神经传导速度SCV和运动神经传导速度MCV)的检测结果,并根据糖尿病病程将其分组进行比较。结果共检测周围神经1669条,异常神经313条(18.75%),下肢异常率(132/530,24.9%)明显高于上肢(59/517,11.4%)(P<0.0001),感觉神经(122/622,19.6%)与运动神经(191/1047,18.2%)受累无差异(P=0.5665);糖尿病病程10年以上者运动、感觉神经异常率(24.3%,33%)明显高于病程小于10年组(14.2%,14%)(P<0.001)。病程大于10年组神经传导速度均较病程小于10年组减慢,正中神经、胫后神经运动传导速度和尺神经、腓肠神经感觉传导速度有统计学意义(P<0.05);除尺神经外所查运动神经近远端复合肌肉动作电位波幅(CAMP)病程≥10年组均明显低于病程<10年组。结论尽管受检时血糖控制良好,但依然有周围神经电生理异常变化。2型糖尿病患者下肢神经传导异常率高于上肢,尤以运动神经明显。病程是糖尿病周围神经损害的危险因素,随着病程增加神经传导异常率和损伤严重程度增高。     

114例糖尿病患者神经电生理特征与相关因素分析

目的观察糖尿病患者神经电生理特征,分析糖尿病周围神经病变的相关危险因素。方法对114例糖尿病患者进行神经传导检测,并对糖尿病周围神经病变组(DPN)及神经传导正常(NDPN)组年龄、病程、空腹血糖(FBG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、血压及血同型半胱胺酸等进行分析。结果 114例2型糖尿病患者中94例出现周围神经病变,20例神经传导正常,总异常率82.5%。其中运动神经纤维受损:正中神经纤维异常率右侧31%,左侧19%;尺神经纤维异常率右侧9%,左侧9%;胫后神经纤维异常率右侧16%,左侧23%;腓总神经纤维异常率右侧28%,左侧29%。感觉神经纤维受损:正中神经纤维异常率右侧63%,左侧49%;尺神经纤维异常率右侧26%,左侧27%;胫后神经纤维异常率右侧70%,左侧67%;腓浅神经纤维异常率右侧67%,左侧61%;腓肠神经异常率右侧50%,左侧47%。DPN组较NDPN组病程更长,血HbA1c、FBG、LDL-C、同型半胱胺酸更高,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论糖尿病周围神经病变以感觉纤维受损为主,下肢重于上肢,病程、FBG、HbA1c、LDL-C、同型半胱胺酸等为糖尿病周围神经病变的危险因素。     

糖尿病患者下肢神经传导功能异常的特征分析

目的探讨糖尿病患者下肢神经传导功能异常的特征。方法搜集223例T2DM患者下肢神经传导检测资料,分析腓深、腓肠、胫神经传导功能。结果(1)158例神经传导异常,异常率70.85%,糖尿病病史1年内、1~4年、5~9年、10~30年异常率分别为61.54%、67.5%、71.19%、79.41%。(2)上述三神经传导速度(NCV)异常率分别为20.67%、16.86%、16.28%;腓深、胫神经波幅异常率为19.94%、11.73%,其末梢潜伏时(DL)异常率为8.94%、5.57%。(3)NCV减慢伴波幅降低和(或)DL延长占47.47%,单纯运动神经(MN)波幅降低占29.75%,单纯NCV减慢占16.46%,DL延长和(或)波幅降低占6.35%。结论(1)T2DM患者随病史延长,糖尿病周围神经病(DPN)发病率升高。(2)T2DM患者下肢神经中,腓深神经较易受累,腓肠神经次之,胫神经受累率低于前两者;在判断MN传导功能指标中,敏感性由高至低依次为NCV、波幅、DL。(3)DPN中,NCV减慢伴随波幅降低和(或)DL延长发生率高于单纯NCV减慢。     

糖尿病性周围神经病患者受累神经的分布特点

目的 探讨糖尿病件周围神经病(DPN)患者受累神经的分布特点.方法 对900例2型糖尿病并发DPN患者进行感觉及运动神经传导速度检测,对受累神经的分布进行分析.结果 本组感觉神经异常率为89.3%;包括65.2%(587例)的正中神经、38.9%(350例)的尺神经、89.3%(804例)的腓浅神经、60.4%(544例)的腓肠神经及29.6%(64例)的胫后神经异常.运动神经异常率为34.5%;包括32.1%(289例)的正中神经、28.7%(258例)的腓总神经、22.7%(49例)的胫神经异常.感觉神经异常率明显高于运动神经异常率(P<0.01);下肢感觉神经异常率明显高于上肢(P<0.01).结论 DPN患者受累的感觉神经以腓浅神经、正中神经、腓肠神经最普遍,受累的运动神经以正中神经、腓总神经为多见.     

糖尿病患者单纤维肌电图分析

目的 探讨糖尿病患者的单纤维肌电图改变特点。方法 测定122例糖尿病患者胫骨前肌的单纤维肌电图,观察颤抖和纤维密度(FD),测定腓神经的运动传导速度(MCV)、感觉传导速度(SCV)。结果 糖尿病患者胫骨前肌的颤抖、FD异常率分别为75％、70％,腓神经的MCV、SCV异常率分别为55％、58％。结论 糖尿病患者存在着广泛的神经病变,单纤维肌电图是诊断神经病变的敏感指标。     

糖尿病性周围神经病患者的神经电图改变

目的 观察糖尿病性周围神经病（DPN）患者神经电图的改变。方法 对78例DPN患者进行神经电图检查,包括运动神经传叶速发（MCV）、感觉神经传导速度（SCV）和F波检查。结果 共检查78例患者的468条神经,其中MCV减慢166条,MCV减慢合并远端潜伏期延长39条,异常率43．8％;SCV减慢175条,末引出电位75条,SCV减慢兼远端潜伏期延长26条,异常率58．9％．检查102条神经的F波,其中异常66条,异常率为64．7％,12条神经（11．8％）F波时间离散度增加。结论 神经电图是诊断DPN的敏感及特异性的检查,多个参数相结合有助于提高阳性检出率。     

下肢短潜伏期体感诱发电位和F波对糖尿病近端神经病的诊断价值

目的 探讨下肢短潜伏期体感诱发电位(SLSEP)和F波检测在糖尿病近端神经病变的诊断意义.方法 排除脑卒中、腰颈椎病及其他疾病引起的神经-肌肉疾病,对92例2型糖尿病患者:有神经病变体征而神经传导检测正常(Ⅰ组)32例、无神经病变体征神经传导检测正常(Ⅱ组)30例和神经传导异常(Ⅲ组)30例,与30名健康人行下肢SLSEP和F波测定.结果 胫神经SLSEP和F波各参数总异常率以Ⅰ组有神经病变体征肢体亚组(n=43)比例最高[97.7%(42/43)],Ⅰ组Fdur、N13传导速度(CV)、N24CV、N13-N24CV、N9-N24CV平均值与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(g值分别:5.887和6.780、-4.568和-5.062、-6.799和-6.905、-5.978和-5.609、-5.433和-5.190;均P＜0.01);Ⅱ组Fdur和N13-N24CV异常肢体率[25.0%(15/60),23.3%(14/60)]与对照组[0,1. 7%(1/60)]比较差异有统计学意义(x2值分别:17.143、12.876,均P=0.0050);Ⅲ组各参数异常肢体率与对照组比较,除N9-N24CV、N13波幅及N24波幅外,差异均有统计学意义,其中N9CV异常率最高[76.7%(46/60)].结论 SLSEP可以提供感觉纤维近端信息;SLSEP和F波联合使用可以提高糖尿病近端神经病变的诊断率,对有周围神经损害症状而常规神经传导速度测定正常的糖尿病患者其诊断意义尤为显著.     

Amplitude of sensory nerve action potential in early stage diabetic peripheral neuropathy： an analysis of 500 cases

Early diagnosis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy is important for the successful treatment of diabetes mellitus. In the present study, we recruited 500 diabetic patients from the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University in China from June 2008 to September 2013：221 cases showed symptoms of peripheral neuropathy （symptomatic group） and 279 cases had no symptoms of peripheral impairment （asymptomatic group）. One hundred healthy control subjects were also recruited. Nerve conduction studies revealed that distal motor latency was longer, sensory nerve conduction velocity was slower, and sensory nerve action potential and amplitude of compound muscle action potential were significantly lower in the median, ulnar, posterior tibial and common peroneal nerve in the diabetic groups compared with control subjects. Moreover, the alterations were more obvious in patients with symptoms of peripheral neuropathy. Of the 500 diabetic patients, neural conduction abnormalities were detected in 358 cases （71.6%）, among which impairment of the common peroneal nerve was most prominent. Sensory nerve abnormality was more obvious than motor nerve abnormality in the diabetic groups. The amplitude of sensory nerve action potential was the most sensitive measure of peripheral neuropathy. Our results reveal that varying degrees of nerve conduction changes are present in the early, asymptomatic stage of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.     

200例2型糖尿病患者神经传导速度检测分析

目的:探讨2型糖尿病(DM)患者周围神经病变的客观神经电生理特点。方法:分别对200例DM患者,其中有周围神经损害临床表现组(DM-I)100例和无周围神经损害临床表现组(DM-Ⅱ)100例,与50例正常成人进行运动神经传导速度(MCV)、感觉神经传导速度(SCV)、复合肌肉动作电位(CMAP)、感觉神经动作电位(SNAP)进行测定。结果:两组患者所测的MCV、SCV、CMAP、SNAP与正常对照组比较有显著差异,而DM-I组与DM-II所测的MCV、SCW、CMAP、SNAP比较亦有显著差异,下肢神经的4个参数总异常率高于上肢。结论:(1)神经传导速度的检测有助于糖尿病周围神经病的早期诊断。(2)DM并发周围神经损害在临床症状出现之前已有神经传导速度的改变。(3)下肢神经的总异常率高于上肢。     

The importance of studying sural nerve conduction and late responses in the evaluation of alcoholic subjects

Motor conduction velocities of median, ulnar, peroneal, and tibial nerves and sensory conduction velocities of median and ulnar nerves were studied in 30 alcoholic subjects and a similar group of control subjects. The results were compared to sural nerve conduction velocities and late response latencies (H reflex, F response). The latter two techniques improved the diagnostic yield by 20%: Whereas 73% of our patients showed an abnormality of conduction with conventional techniques, 93% had an abnormality of sural nerve conduction, late response latencies, or both. Abnormalities of motor and sensory conduction, which were more prominent in the lower limbs than the arms, could be documented in patients who did not have any clinical evidence of peripheral neuropathy. The electrophysiologic studies performed in the present study suggest that "axonal degeneration" is the underlying pathologic process in alcoholic peripheral nerve disease.     

Peripheral neuropathy in children on long-term phenytoin therapy

Nerve conduction studies of the ulnar, median, posterior tibial, peroneal and sural nerves were performed in 21 epileptic children aged 6 to 17 years on long-term phenytoin therapy. Auditory brain stem evoked responses were obtained in 16 patients to evaluate the effect of phenytoin on central nervous system synapses. Of the 21 patients examined, 15 (71.4%) showed abnormal findings. The most frequent abnormality was slowed motor conduction velocity of the ulnar nerve (33.3%) and posterior tibial nerve (23.8%), followed by slowed sensory conduction velocity of the sural nerve (20%), lowered H/M ratio (14.3%), slowed motor conduction velocity of the peroneal nerve (14.3%) and of the median nerve (14.2%). A significant correlation was noted between the total dosage and duration of therapy with PHT and the reduction of motor conduction velocity in the posterior tibial nerve. Auditory brain stem evoked responses showed no significant differences in each peak latency between the patients and the normal control group. The study indicates that long-term phenytoin therapy can cause latent impairment of peripheral nerve function in children with no clinical evidence of peripheral neuropathy.     

糖尿病患者糖代谢指标与神经传导速度关系探讨

本文对168例糖尿病患者测定了空腹血糖(FBG)、果糖胺、HbAlc 3个糖代谢指标,进行了肌电图电生理检查,其中神经传导速度(NCV)正常者62例,NCV异常者86例,单纯H反射异常者20例,分析了FBG、果糖胺、HbAlc三者之间以及与NCV的相关性,提出高血糖在糖尿病周围神经病变的发病过程中起重要作用。     

Painful Diabetic Neuropathy - A Therapeutic Challenge For The New Millennium

Clinical spectrum of diabetic neuropathy is variable; it may be asymptomatic, but once established, it becomes irreversible and disabling. Some investigators suggested that earliest change in diabetic nerve function is alteration in axonal excitability due to alterations in ion conductance of axon membrane, although these functional changes of ion channels necessarily cause permanent damage or degeneration of nerve fibers. Among various parameter of nerve conduction study in diabetics, prolonged F-wave latency in the peroneal and tibial nerve seems the commonest abnormality in asymptomatic patients. Decrease in amplitude of compound sensory action potential of sural nerve is another earlier abnormality, which is, then, accompanied by a fall in motor amplitude of peroneal and tibial nerves in advanced patients. In disabled patients no motor response is often elicited in the legs. Previous electrophysiological studies could not make clear if central axons were involved or not in diabetic neuropathy. Recently, our group has demonstrated that somatosensory central conduction from the spinal cord to the sensory cortex is delayed in diabetics as well as in the peripheral conduction, which might be partly responsible for the irreversible clinical presentation of diabetic neuropathy.     

Brucella: a cause of peripheral neuropathy

Brucellosis is a common infectious disease in Mediterranean countries. We evaluated the peripheral nerve involvement in patients with brucellosis. Thirty-eight patients with brucellosis were examined. Four of them were excluded because of B(12) deficiency and diabetes mellitus. Thirty-four patients were included. The average age was 43.08 +/- 15.3 years. Patients were divided into two groups according to the abnormality in their peripheral nervous system (PNS) examination. All patients underwent nerve conduction and needle electromyography EMG studies. Twenty normal healthy subjects were used as a control group. Axonal sensorimotor neuropathy was determined in 12 patients who also had abnormality in PNS examination. After 6 months of treatment, nerve conduction studies were nearly normal in these patients. The EMG findings of the remaining 22 patients were normal, as well as the clinical examination. However, the motor conduction velocities of median (p < 0.001), peroneal (p < 0.001), and ulnar (p < 0.05) nerves were decreased, F wave latencies were prolonged in the posterior tibial and peroneal nerve, and distal latency was also prolonged in the posterior tibial nerve (p < 0.05) when compared to healthy subjects. Sensory conduction velocities of the median (p < 0.001), ulnar and sural (p < 0.05) nerve were also decreased. Brucellosis may be considered as a cause of clinical or subclinical peripheral neuropathy and should be evaluated especially in endemic areas.     

多发性肌炎患者神经电生理特点分析

目的增进对多发性肌炎患者肌电图特点的认识,提高其检查的阳性率。方法对91例多发性肌炎患者进行肌电图(EMG)、神经传导速度测定。结果肌电图异常率为87.9%,肌源性损害者占79.1%,神经源性损害者占8.8%。其中插入电位延长、自发电位的阳性率分别为6%和52%,肱二头肌出现率较高,外展拇短肌出现率最低(p<0.05);运动单位电位(MUP)时限缩短的阳性率为71%,胫前肌出现率最高,外展拇短肌最低(p<0.05);MUP波幅降低的阳性率较低,仅为7%;多相波增多的阳性率为29%,胫前肌出现率最高,股四头肌最低(p<0.05);重收缩时波形异常的阳性率为26%,以股四头肌出现率最高;重收缩时峰值电压降低的阳性率为31%,胫前肌出现率最高,外展拇短肌最低(均p<0.05)。5例患者EMG呈神经源性损害,1例感觉神经传导速度减慢,2例运动神经传导速度减慢。肌电图正常组、肌源性损害组及神经源性损害组患者的病程、年龄无明显差异。结论 EMG对多发性肌炎诊断的阳性率为87.9%,其中以MUP时限缩短出现率最高为71%,其次为自发电位为52%。EMG异常最多见于肱二头肌、股四头肌和胫前肌。