200例2型糖尿病患者神经传导速度检测分析

目的:探讨2型糖尿病(DM)患者周围神经病变的客观神经电生理特点。方法:分别对200例DM患者,其中有周围神经损害临床表现组(DM-I)100例和无周围神经损害临床表现组(DM-Ⅱ)100例,与50例正常成人进行运动神经传导速度(MCV)、感觉神经传导速度(SCV)、复合肌肉动作电位(CMAP)、感觉神经动作电位(SNAP)进行测定。结果:两组患者所测的MCV、SCV、CMAP、SNAP与正常对照组比较有显著差异,而DM-I组与DM-II所测的MCV、SCW、CMAP、SNAP比较亦有显著差异,下肢神经的4个参数总异常率高于上肢。结论:(1)神经传导速度的检测有助于糖尿病周围神经病的早期诊断。(2)DM并发周围神经损害在临床症状出现之前已有神经传导速度的改变。(3)下肢神经的总异常率高于上肢。     

糖尿病周围神经病患者上肢受累神经的分布特点

目的 探讨糖尿病周围神经病(DPN)患者上肢受累神经的分布特点.方法 应用神经电图对98例DPN患者及32名正常对照者的正中神经、尺神经及桡神经的感觉神经传导速度(SCV)及波幅(SNAP)、运动神经传导速度(MCV)及波幅(CAMP)进行检测,分析DPN患者上肢受累神经的分布特点.结果 (1)与正常对照组比较,DPN组正中神经、尺神经及桡神经SCV和MCV明显降低(P<0.05～0.01);(2)DPN组正中神经SCV、SNAP、MCV及CAMP的异常率明显高于尺神经及桡神经(均P<0.05).结论 DPN患者上肢正中神经更易受累.     

高频超声评价2型糖尿病患者下肢周围神经病变临床观察

目的探讨高频超声用于评价2型糖尿病合并周围神经病变患者下肢股神经和隐神经异常改变的临床价值。方法共81例2型糖尿病患者分为无周围神经病变组(40例)和合并周围神经病变组(41例),通过彩色多普勒超声观察股神经和隐神经内部回声及连续性,测量并比较神经宽径、厚径和横截面积。结果正常对照组受试者股神经和隐神经横切面扫描呈略高回声,内部呈细小筛网格状,纵切面扫描内部呈条状低回声和平行线样排列的条状略高回声;无周围神经病变组患者内部回声略减低,细小筛网格状结构模糊,纵切面条状低回声结构欠清晰;合并周围神经病变组患者内部回声明显减低,细小筛网格状结构显示不清,纵切面条状低回声结构模糊。与正常对照组相比,糖尿病组患者股神经宽径(均P=0.000)、厚径(P=0.023,0.036)和横截面积(均P=0.000)增大;隐神经宽径(P=0.010,0.014)、厚径(均P=0.001)和横截面积(P=0.002,0.004)增大;合并周围神经病变组患者股神经和隐神经厚径(P=0.048,0.012)和横截面积(P=0.031,0.034)较无周围神经病变组增大。结论高频超声可以清晰地显示2型糖尿病合并周围神经病变患者股神经和隐神经主干内部回声及各径线的异常改变,为临床诊断提供客观依据,具有重要临床意义。     

138例糖尿病患者神经电图分析

目的探讨2型糖尿病患者周围神经病变(DPN)的神经电生理特点及其与病程的关系。方法连续记录138例血糖控制良好的糖尿病患者神经电图(包括感觉神经传导速度SCV和运动神经传导速度MCV)的检测结果,并根据糖尿病病程将其分组进行比较。结果共检测周围神经1669条,异常神经313条(18.75%),下肢异常率(132/530,24.9%)明显高于上肢(59/517,11.4%)(P<0.0001),感觉神经(122/622,19.6%)与运动神经(191/1047,18.2%)受累无差异(P=0.5665);糖尿病病程10年以上者运动、感觉神经异常率(24.3%,33%)明显高于病程小于10年组(14.2%,14%)(P<0.001)。病程大于10年组神经传导速度均较病程小于10年组减慢,正中神经、胫后神经运动传导速度和尺神经、腓肠神经感觉传导速度有统计学意义(P<0.05);除尺神经外所查运动神经近远端复合肌肉动作电位波幅(CAMP)病程≥10年组均明显低于病程<10年组。结论尽管受检时血糖控制良好,但依然有周围神经电生理异常变化。2型糖尿病患者下肢神经传导异常率高于上肢,尤以运动神经明显。病程是糖尿病周围神经损害的危险因素,随着病程增加神经传导异常率和损伤严重程度增高。     

神经传导速度测定在2型糖尿病中的应用

目的 探讨神经传导速度测定在2型糖尿病中的价值.方法 运用肌电图仪对100例糖尿病患者进行运动神经传导速度及感觉神经传导速度检测.结果 100例糖尿病患者,其中82例有不同程度的感觉神经传导速度和(或)运动神经传导速度改变.结论 神经传导速度减慢是糖尿病合并周围神经病变最敏感指标之一.     

糖尿病性周围神经病患者的神经电图改变

目的 观察糖尿病性周围神经病（DPN）患者神经电图的改变。方法 对78例DPN患者进行神经电图检查,包括运动神经传叶速发（MCV）、感觉神经传导速度（SCV）和F波检查。结果 共检查78例患者的468条神经,其中MCV减慢166条,MCV减慢合并远端潜伏期延长39条,异常率43．8％;SCV减慢175条,末引出电位75条,SCV减慢兼远端潜伏期延长26条,异常率58．9％．检查102条神经的F波,其中异常66条,异常率为64．7％,12条神经（11．8％）F波时间离散度增加。结论 神经电图是诊断DPN的敏感及特异性的检查,多个参数相结合有助于提高阳性检出率。     

糖尿病患者周围神经传导速度的研究

目的:通过周围神经传导速度(NCV)的研究,早期诊断糖尿病(DM)患者的糖尿病性周围神经病变。方法:应用上海海军医学研究所NDI-200F神经电检诊仪,对DM组95例患者行尺神经、正中神经、胫神经和腓神经运动传导速度(MCV)及尺神经、正中神经、腓肠神经感觉传导速度(SCV)检测与30例健康人组对照。结果:DM组95例, NCV异常率为77.89%(74/95)。共检测665条神经,MCV380条,异常率55.26%,SCV285条,异常率50.88%,差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。上肢检测380条神经,异常率45.53%,下肢检测285条神经,异常率63.86%,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。DM组SCV波幅减低率为53.66%。DM组按病程分为三组,<5年,30例,异常率28.10%;≥5年,31 例,异常率为54.84%;≥10年,34例,异常率74.37%,组间差异均有非常显著性意义(P<0.01)。DM组中29例无周围神经病变症状与体征,NCV异常11例(37.93%)。结论:周围神经传导速度检测不但可以早期诊断糖尿病患者的糖尿病性周围神经病变,而且此方法可靠、简便、无创。     

糖尿病周围神经病的神经传导速度测定

目的 观察糖尿病患者的神经传导速度在诊断周围神经病变的应用价值.方法 对我院2009-01-2011-12收治的658例糖尿病患者进行神经传导速度测定常规糖尿病周围神经病变的筛查,分析各神经传导功能以及感觉传导速度和运动传导速度、潜伏期、波幅、波宽、波形等.结果 有四肢远端麻木、刺痛等症状者周围神经病变的阳性率较高,糖尿病病程5 a以上者阳性率也较高.胫后神经病变在四肢神经病变中最常见,其次为腓总神经.传导速度的波幅下降最为灵敏,波形和波宽的变化也较为明显.结论 检测糖尿病患者的神经传导速度可用于周围神经病变的诊断,神经传导速度的变化对周围神经病变具有重要意义.     

神经传导速度与神经症状/神经缺陷评分诊断糖尿病周围神经病变的研究

目的探讨神经传导速度、神经症状/神经缺陷两种方法在糖尿病周围神经病变临床诊断中的价值,为临床治疗提供指导。方法随机选取住院治疗的128例2型糖尿病患者,采用神经传导速度、神经症状/神经缺陷两种方法诊断后统计诊出率,比较两种诊断方法的特异性、灵敏度、ROC曲线下面积、Youden指数进行统计学分析。结果神经症状/神经缺陷诊断法检出糖尿病周围神经病变患者的检出率明显低于神经传导速度诊断法(P0.05),但神经传导速度诊断法所用时间明显高于神经症状/神经缺陷诊断法(P0.05)。神经传导速度在诊断糖尿病周围神经病变中的灵敏度、特异性、一致性明显高于神经症状/神经缺陷诊断法(P0.05)。神经传导速度诊断法的ROC曲线下面积明显高于NSS/NDS(P0.05),有较高的诊断准确率。结论神经传导速度、神经症状/神经缺陷评分两种方法在糖尿病周围神经病变的临床诊断中均具有一定意义,神经传导速度具有更好的敏感性和特异性、诊断准确率,但耗时较长,临床使用时可结合具体情况选择。     

前列腺素E_Ⅰ治疗糖尿病周围神经病变对神经传导速度的影响观察

目的观察前列腺素E_Ⅰ治疗糖尿病周围神经病变的疗效及对神经传导速度的影响。方法选择我院2013-05—2015-05收治的93例糖尿病周围神经病变患者为研究对象,分为2组。对照组单纯应用甲钴铵,治疗组在对照组基础上应用前列腺素E_Ⅰ。比较2组治疗前后正中神经与腓总神经的运动传导速度(MCV)与感觉传导速度(SCV)、治疗总有效率及不良反应发生率。结果 2组治疗前正中神经与腓总神经MCV与SCV的比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);经治疗后,治疗组各项指标均高于对照组,比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗组总有效率为89.4%(42/47),明显高于对照组71.7%(33/46),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗组不良反应发生率为6.4%(3/47),与对照组4.4%(2/46)相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论前列腺素EⅠ治疗糖尿病周围神经病变疗效显著,可显著提高神经传导速度,安全性高,值得推广应用。     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

腺垂体功能减退症临床特征变化分析

目的探讨腺垂体功能减退症患者的病因结构变化及临床表现。方法回顾性分析我院2013-01—2016-12住院及门诊78例腺垂体功能减退症患者的临床资料。结果男32例(41.03%),女46例(58.97%);诊断时年龄11~89岁,平均62.5岁;鞍区占位(包括术前及术后)52例(66.67%),席汉综合征8例(10.26%),空泡蝶鞍9例(11.65%),病因不明8例(10.26%),垂体-下丘脑发育不良1例(1.28%)。首次就诊科室:纳差厌食、恶心呕吐就诊于消化内科36例(46.15%)最常见。ACTH+TSH+Gn+G激素缺乏为19例最多,占24.36%,ACTH+TSH+Gn缺乏15例,占19.23%。结论腺垂体功能减退症病因结构发生变化,发病人群、首发症状及受累激素也不同,患者女性多于男性,发病年龄偏高,症状不典型,分布于临床多个科室,其中以低钠血症为首发临床表现就诊消化内科最多。     

Standards of instrumentation of EMG

Standardization of Electromyography (EMG) instrumentation is of particular importance to ensure high quality recordings. This consensus report on “Standards of Instrumentation of EMG” is an update and extension of the earlier IFCN Guidelines published in 1999. First, a panel of experts in different fields from different geographical distributions was invited to submit a section on their particular interest and expertise. Then, the merged document was circulated for comments and edits until a consensus emerged.The first sections in this document cover technical aspects such as instrumentation, EMG hardware and software including amplifiers and filters, digital signal analysis and instrumentation settings. Other sections cover the topics such as temporary storage, trigger and delay line, averaging, electrode types, stimulation techniques for optimal and standardised EMG examinations, and the artefacts electromyographers may face and safety rules they should follow. Finally, storage of data and databases, report generators and external communication are summarized.     

帕金森病运动症状进展分析

目的分析帕金森病(PD)患者运动症状进展特点。方法采用PD统一评分量表(UPDRS)Ⅲ对912例PD患者进行评估。结果与病程1年的患者比较,除病程1~2年的患者外,其他病程患者的UPDRSⅢ评分、强直分、姿势或步态异常分、轴性症状总分、言语分、步态分显著升高(均P0.05),病程5~6年及14年患者的震颤分,病程5~6年、7~8年、9~13年、14年患者的运动迟缓分、姿势分显著升高(P0.05~0.01)。轴性症状进展速度高于UPDRSⅢ评分。结论 PD患者病程早期UPDRSⅢ评分进展快,震颤症状进展独立于其他症状,轴性症状评分较UPDRSⅢ更敏感地反映疾病加重趋势。     

Effects of prevention of afferentation of the development of the chick optic lobe

BONDY, S. C., M. E. HARRINGTON AND C. L. ANDERSON. Effects of prevention of afferentation on the developmentof the chick optic lobe. BRAIN RES. BULL. 3(5) 411–413, 1978.—The effects of unilateral extirpation of the right optic cup of the three-day incubated chick embryo upon the rate of synthesis and the stability of DNA in the non-innervated optic lobe, have been studied. This surgical procedure prevents innervation of the optic lobe contralateral to the removed eye, while the other optic lobe is normally innervated by retinal ganglion cells of the remaining eye. At the 20th day of incubation, the DNA content of the non-innervated lobe was below that of the paired lobe receiving normal innervation. This deficiency of cell number was caused by two events; death of an excess number of neurons formed early in embryogenesis and a reduced rate of glial proliferation in the later stages of incubation.     

Release of endogenous catecholamines from slices of hypothalamus of rats

The release of endogenous catecholamines from superfused slices of rat hypothalamus was studied under basal conditions and during release evoked by 40 mM K⁺. Catecholamines in superfusates, and in extracts of the tissue after stimulation, were isolated by column chromatography and quantitated by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Norepinephrine (NE) was not consistently demonstrable in superfusate collected under basal conditions, but 40 mM K⁺ caused the release of from 2 to 4 ng/g of tissue per min. The addition of cocaine to the superfusate caused increases in basal and evoked release of NE. Epinephrine (E) could be measured in superfusates of slices from male but not female rats and then only when cocaine was added to the superfusate. Accordingly, the concentration of E in hypothalamus was greater in male rats than in female rats. Dopamine (DA) was not consistently measurable in the spontaneous overflow from slices either in the presence or absence of cocaine. K⁺-evoked release of DA could be demonstrated in slices from female rats. The addition of cocaine increased the evoked release of DA from slices from both sexes. Corticosterone, added to cocaine, had no effects on the efflux of any of the catecholamines. The experiments suggest that neuronal reuptake of all catecholamines is very efficient in the hypothalamus both under basal conditions and during evoked release.     

Frequency of accumulation of filaments in adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells of myelinated fibers of rat spinal roots

Summary The frequency of accumulation of 6-nm filaments in the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells in the 6th lumbar dorsal and ventral roots was evaluated in 4-, 8-, 26- and 45-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The frequency was higher in 4- and 8-week-old (growing) rats than in 26- and 45-week old (mature) rats, and also higher in ventral than in dorsal roots in 4-, 8- and 26-week old rats. There were no clusters on certain groups of myelinated fibers according to the size of transverse axonal area, in both the ventral and dorsal roots. Therefore, this accumulation may reflect certain functions of the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cell during natural growth and maturation of the axon and myelin sheath.     

《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》解读

2018年,国家卫生健康委员会等10部委联合发布《关于印发全国社会心理服务体系建设试点工作方案的通知》,四川省绵阳市被列为全国第一批试点地区。绵阳市人民政府依据《中华人民共和国精神卫生法》等相关法律法规和文件精神,结合前期调查研究和社会心理服务工作的试点实际,编制出台了《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》,并于2021年12月25日起施行。本文围绕社会心理服务的相关概念、办法总则、重点内容、保障措施等方面进行解读,以期为社会心理服务工作的规范、持续和有效开展提供参考。     

Function of circle of Willis

Nearly 400 years ago, Thomas Willis described the arterial ring at the base of the brain (the circle of Willis, CW) and recognized it as a compensatory system in the case of arterial occlusion. This theory is still accepted. We present several arguments that via negativa should discard the compensatory theory. (1) Current theory is anthropocentric; it ignores other species and their analog structures. (2) Arterial pathologies are diseases of old age, appearing after gene propagation. (3) According to the current theory, evolution has foresight. (4) Its commonness among animals indicates that it is probably a convergent evolutionary structure. (5) It was observed that communicating arteries are too small for effective blood flow, and (6) missing or hypoplastic in the majority of the population. We infer that CW, under physiologic conditions, serves as a passive pressure dissipating system; without considerable blood flow, pressure is transferred from the high to low pressure end, the latter being another arterial component of CW. Pressure gradient exists because pulse wave and blood flow arrive into the skull through different cerebral arteries asynchronously, due to arterial tree asymmetry. Therefore, CW and its communicating arteries protect cerebral artery and blood–brain barrier from hemodynamic stress.     

阿立哌唑对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响

目的:比较阿立哌唑与利培酮对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响。方法:60例精神分裂患者随机平分为两组各30例,分别给予阿立哌唑和利培酮治疗。疗程8周。用生活质量综合评定问卷-74(GQOLI-74)、阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)及副反应量表(TESS)评定疗效及不良反应。结果:阿立哌唑与利培酮均能显著提高精神分裂症患者生活质量,但阿立哌唑在改善GQOLI-74总分、躯体健康及社会功能维度优于利培酮。结论:阿立哌唑治疗有利于提高精神分裂症患者生活质量。