钙粘素、P16在人脑胶质瘤中的表达及意义

目的探讨钙粘素(E-cadherin,E-cd)和P16在人脑胶质瘤中的表达及意义。方法采用免疫组化方法检测56例胶质瘤和11例正常脑组织中的E-cd和P16蛋白的表达。结果E-cd和P16在正常脑组织中的阳性表达率均为100%;E-cd在Ⅰ-Ⅱ级和Ⅲ-Ⅳ级胶质瘤中阳性表达率分别为57.1%、14.3%,组织学分级之间有显著差异(P<0.05),与对照组之间有显著差异(P<0.05);P16在Ⅰ-Ⅱ级和Ⅲ-Ⅳ级胶质瘤中阳性表达率分别为60.7%、17.8%,组织学分级之间有显著差异(P<0.05),与对照组之间有显著差异(P<0.05);E-cd和P16的表达在胶质瘤中呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论E-cd和P16均在胶质瘤的发生发展过程中起重要作用,且有可能与胶质瘤的恶性度及预后有关。     

钙粘素、Ki67和p16在人脑胶质瘤中的表达及意义

目的探讨钙粘素(E-cd)、p16和Ki67在人脑胶质瘤中的表达及意义。方法采用免疫组织化学方法检测53例胶质瘤和12例正常脑组织中的E-cd、p16蛋白和Ki67的表达。结果E-cd和p16在正常脑组织中的阳性表达率均为100%;E-cd在Ⅰ-Ⅱ级和Ⅲ-Ⅳ级胶质瘤中阳性表达率分别为53.6%、20.0%,p16在Ⅰ-Ⅱ级和Ⅲ-Ⅳ级胶质瘤中阳性表达率分别为57.1%、24.0%,E-cd和p16在Ⅰ-Ⅱ级胶质瘤中的表达明显高于在Ⅲ-Ⅳ级胶质瘤中的表达(P<0.05),而低于正常脑组织中的表达(P<0.01);E-cd和p16二者在胶质瘤中的表达呈正相关(P<0.05);Ki67在正常脑组织中无表达。Ki67在Ⅰ-Ⅱ级胶质瘤中阳性率(3.15%±1.67%)明显低于Ⅲ-Ⅳ级胶质瘤中的阳性率(14.37%±4.89%),两胶质瘤组与对照组之间的阳性细胞率差异非常显著(P<0.01)。结论E-cd、p16和Ki67在胶质瘤的发生发展过程中可能起重要作用,并且对评估胶质瘤的恶性度及预后有重要意义。     

神经胶质瘤E-cd、MMP-2和CD44v6的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨钙粘素(E-cadherin,E-cd)、基质金属蛋白酶-2(matrix metalloproteinases-2,MMP-2)和粘附分子(CD44v6)在脑神经胶质瘤中的表达及临床意义。方法 采用免疫组织化学方法对50例神经胶质瘤患者和9例对照者脑组织中E-cd、MMP-2和CD44v6蛋白表达进行检测。结果 (1)对照组脑组织E-cd的阳性表达率为100％;神经胶质瘤Ⅰ～Ⅱ级和Ⅲ～Ⅳ级组阳性表达率分别为40％(10/25)和24％(6/25),两组差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);对照组与神经胶质瘤组之间差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。(2)对照组MMP-2阳性表达率为11％;在经胶质瘤Ⅰ～Ⅱ级组为32％(8/25),Ⅲ～Ⅳ级组为64％(16/25),两组比较差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。对照组与神经胶质瘤组相比,MMP-2的表达差异亦有显著性意义(P<0.05)。(3)CD44v6在对照组及神经胶质瘤组均无表达。结论 E-cd和MMP-2在神经胶质瘤的牛物学行为中起重要作用,且可能与其侵袭性有关,而CD44v6则与神经胶质瘤的生物学行为无关。     

人脑胶质瘤中CD133的表达及其意义

目的 探讨CD133 mRNA在人脑胶质瘤组织中的表达及其与病理分级的相关性.方法 用半定量逆转录聚合酶链反应法(RT-PCR)对43例胶质瘤患者、16例正常脑组织标本(均为急性颅脑损伤患者行内减压术切除的脑组织)进行CD133 mRNA检测.结果 (1)43例胶质瘤组织中CD133 mRNA表达全部呈阳性,而16例正常脑组织标本中仅有1例CD133 mRNA表达呈弱阳性.病例组和正常对照组CD133 mRNA的阳性率分别为100%和6.25%.病例组和对照组CD133 mRNA表达阳性率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).(2)在病例组中,参照1993年WHO分级标准分为Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级、Ⅳ级组,计算分组的标本CD133 mRNA与β-actin mRNA灰度比值.Ⅰ级和Ⅲ、Ⅳ级之间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),Ⅲ、Ⅳ级之间CD133 mRNA表达均高于Ⅰ级;Ⅱ级和Ⅲ、Ⅳ级之间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),Ⅲ、Ⅳ级之间CD133 mRNA表达均高于Ⅱ级.(3)相关性分析:CD133 mRNA表达量与胶质瘤病理分级呈正相关性(r=0.987,P＜0.001).结论 检测胶质瘤组织中CD133 mRNA的表达可用于胶质瘤患者的诊断及恶性程度和预后的判断.     

Stathmin／Oncoprotein18（Op18）在人脑胶质瘤中的表达研究

目的探讨Stathmin／oneoprotein18（Op18）基因在人脑胶质瘤中的表达规律及意义。方法分别采用免疫组化法和Westernblot法检测10例正常脑组织和56例脑胶质瘤中Stathmin蛋白的表达。结果免疫组化法检测Stathmin蛋白在正常脑组织、低级别胶质瘤（Ⅰ～Ⅱ级）及高级别胶质瘤（Ⅲ～Ⅳ级）中阳性表达率分别为20％、65％、100％。正常脑组织分别与Ⅰ～Ⅱ级组、Ⅲ～Ⅳ级组比较，均有显著性差异（P〈0．05）；Ⅰ～Ⅱ级组与Ⅲ～Ⅳ级组比较，有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。Westernblot法检测显示，Stathmin蛋白在胶质瘤中的表达明显增高，正常脑组织分别与Ⅰ～Ⅱ级组、Ⅲ～Ⅳ级组比较，差异均有显著性（P〈0．01），Ⅰ～Ⅱ级组与Ⅲ～Ⅳ级组比较，差异有显著性（P〈0．01）。结论Stathmin在脑胶质瘤中过表达，Stathmin可能为脑胶质瘤的生物治疗提供一个新靶点。     

人脑胶质瘤中IKKε的表达及其意义

目的探讨IKKε基因在人脑胶质瘤组织中的表达及其意义。方法收集具有明确病理分级的51新鲜胶质瘤标本,其中Ⅰ～Ⅱ级胶质瘤24例,Ⅲ～Ⅳ级胶质瘤27例,并取7例内减压去除的脑组织标本作为对照。采用实时定量PCR(Real-time PCR)和蛋白免疫印迹(Western blot)方法检测IKKεmRNA和蛋白水平的表达,免疫组化染色确定IKKε的细胞定位,研究IKKε蛋白表达与胶质瘤病理分级的关系。结果 IKKεmRNA水平(t=23.734,P0.05)和蛋白水平(掊2=12.583,P0.05)在人胶质瘤中的表达显著高于对照脑组织,在Ⅲ～Ⅳ级胶质瘤组的表达显著高于Ⅰ～Ⅱ级组(t=21.587,P0.05)。Western blot结果显示7例对照脑组织6例无IKKε表达(6/7),24例Ⅰ～Ⅱ级胶质瘤3例中/高表达,27例Ⅲ～Ⅳ级胶质瘤23例中/高表达。IKKε的表达与人脑胶质瘤病理分级呈正相关(r=0.513,P0.05)。免疫组化染色显示IKKε阳性反应物主要位于胞浆。结论IKKε在人脑胶质瘤中呈高表达,IKKε的表达与人脑胶质瘤的病理分级相关,可能与人脑胶质瘤的发生及恶性进展有关。     

神经胶质瘤E—cd、MMP—2t CD44v6的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨钙粘素（E-cadherin,E-cd）、基质金属蛋白酶-2(matrix,metalloproteinases-2,MMP-2)和粘附分子(CD44v6)在脑神经胶质瘤中的表达及临床意义。方法 采用免疫组织化学方法对50例神经胶质瘤患者和9例对照者脑组织中E-cd,MMP-2和CD44v6蛋白表达进行检测。结果：（1）对照组脑组织E－cd的阳性表达率为100％；神经胶瘤Ⅰ－Ⅱ级和Ⅲ－Ⅳ级组阳性表达率分别为40％（10／25）和24％（6／25），两组差异无显著性意义（P＞0．05）；对照组与神经胶瘤组之间差异有显著性意义（P＜0．05）。（2）对照组MMP－2阳性表达率为11％；在经胶质瘤Ⅰ－Ⅱ级组为32％（8／25），Ⅲ－Ⅳ级组为64％（16／25），两组比较差异有显著性意义（P＜0．05）。对照组与神经胶质瘤组相比，MMP－2的表达差异亦有显著性意义（P＜0．05）。（3）CD44v6在对照组及神经胶质瘤组均无表达。结论 E-cd和MMP－2在神经胶质瘤的生物学行为中起重要作用，且可能与其侵袭性有关，而CD44v6则与神经胶质瘤的生物学行为无关。     

人脑胶质瘤Cx43基因表达及其与肿瘤细胞增殖关系的研究

目的 探讨缝隙连接蛋白43(Cx43)基因表达与胶质瘤细胞增殖之间的关系,及其在胶质瘤发生发展中的作用,拟为手术后治疗及疗效观察提供客观依据.方法 采用原位杂交和免疫组织化学染色方法检测胶质瘤细胞Cx43 mRNA、Cx43 蛋白和增殖细胞核抗原的表达水平.结果 对照脑组织和胶质瘤细胞Cx43 mRNA 阳性表达率分别为100%(10/10)和61.70%(29/47),差异具有统计学意义(Z =- 5.407,P = 0.000);低度恶性(WHOⅠ～Ⅱ级)胶质瘤细胞Cx43 mRNA 阳性表达率为100%(7/7)和93.75%(15/16),高度恶性(WHOⅢ～Ⅳ级)为33.33%(6/18)和16.67%(1/6);Cx43 mRNA 阳性表达率与胶质瘤组织病理学分级呈负相关(rs = - 0.794,P = 0.000).对照脑组织和胶质瘤细胞Cx43 蛋白表达水平与Cx43 mRNA 基本一致.对照脑组织增殖细胞核抗原表达阴性;不同级别胶质瘤细胞增殖细胞核抗原阳性表达率依次为WHOⅣ级100%(6/6)、WHOⅢ级94.44%(17/18)、WHOⅡ级62.50%(10/16)和WHOⅠ级42.86%(3/7);增殖细胞核抗原阳性表达率与胶质瘤组织病理学分级呈正相关(rs = 0.589,P = 0.000);WHOⅢ～Ⅳ级与WHOⅠ～Ⅱ级之间差异具有统计学意义(H = 13.239,P = 0.000).Cx43 mRNA 与Cx43蛋白表达水平呈正相关(rs = 0.963,P = 0.000),Cx43 mRNA 及其蛋白质与增殖细胞核抗原表达水平呈负相关(rs = - 0.621,P = 0.000;rs = - 0.913,P = 0.000).结论 胶质瘤细胞Cx43 mRNA 及其蛋白质与增殖细胞核抗原表达水平和肿瘤组织病理学分级呈负相关.提示,Cx43 基因表达与肿瘤细胞增殖活性和胶质瘤恶性进展密切相关.     

ILK及CD151在人脑胶质瘤中的表达及其意义

目的探讨整合素连接激酶(ILK)及CD151在人脑胶质瘤中的表达及意义。方法采用免疫组化SP法检测ILK及CD151在74例人脑胶质瘤及15例正常脑组织中的表达。按2007年WHO中枢神经系统肿瘤分类:低级别(Ⅰ、Ⅱ级)胶质瘤31例,高级别(Ⅲ、Ⅳ级)43例。结果高级别胶质瘤、低级别胶质瘤及正常脑组织ILK的阳性表达分别为83.72%、61.29%、20.00%,CD151阳性表达率分别为81.40%、54.84%、13.33%。ILK和CD151在胶质瘤中阳性表达明显高于正常脑组织(P0.05),在高级别胶质瘤中影响表达率显著高于低级别胶质瘤(P0.05);而且二者在胶质瘤组中的表达呈正相关(r=0.294,P0.05)。结论 ILK及CD151在人脑胶质瘤中的表达随胶质瘤恶性程度的增高而增高,二者可能共同促进胶质瘤的生长和浸润。     

星形细胞瘤中PTEN蛋白表达的意义及其与微血管密度的相关性研究

目的研究星形细胞瘤中PTEN蛋白表达的意义及其与微血管密度(MVD)之间的相关性.方法应用免疫组化SP法检测星形细胞瘤组(n=60)和对照组非肿瘤组织(n=20)中PTEN蛋白的表达并记数相应的MVD.结果 PTEN蛋白阳性染色定位于胞浆,在对照组中均呈阳性表达,在肿瘤组的阳性表达率明显低于对照组(P＜0.05),其中Ⅲ～Ⅳ级肿瘤的阳性表达率明显低于Ⅱ级肿瘤(P＜0.05).Ⅲ～Ⅳ级的MVD平均值明显高于Ⅱ级(P＜0.05).PTEN蛋白阳性表达组的MVD平均值显著低于PTEN蛋白阴性表达组(P＜0.05).结论 PTEN基因的缺失与突变在星形细胞瘤的发生发展中可能起重要作用.PTEN可能通过某些途径抑制星形细胞瘤的血管生成.     

Physical and Sexual Abuse and Neglect and Eating Disorder Symptoms

For eating-disordered patients with a history of post-traumatic stress, childhood abuse and neglect, and dissociative disorder, eating behavior symptoms may function as a rational response to unmetabolized traumatic experiences. This paper will review trauma-based theory, dissociation, abreactive, and ego-states therapy as they apply to eating disorder patients.     

Efficacy and Effectiveness of Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy and Pharmacotherapy

Decades of intervention research have produced a rich body of evidence on the effects of psychotherapies and pharmacotherapies with children and adolescents. Here we summarize and critique that evidence. We review findings bearing on the efficacy of psychosocial treatments and medications under controlled experimental conditions. We also report evidence, where available, on the effectiveness of both classes of treatment with clinically referred youth treated in real-world clinical contexts. In general, the large body of evidence on efficacy contrasts sharply with the small base of evidence on effectiveness. Addressing this gap through an enriched research agenda could contribute importantly to linking scientific inquiry and clinical practice—to the benefit of both ventures. This is one element of a multifaceted agenda for future research and for synthesis of research, which will require the interplay of multiple disciplines related to child and adolescent mental health.     

Presence and severity of anorexia and bulimia among male and female Omani and non-Omani adolescents

OBJECTIVE: The population of Oman is a heterogeneous mix of nationalities providing a natural setting for studying the cross-cultural differences in the presence and severity of eating disorders as well as an opportunity for evaluating the performance of measurement instruments for these disorders. METHOD: Disordered eating screening instruments (the Eating Attitude Test and the Bulimic Investigatory Test) were administered to Omani teenagers, non-Omani teenagers, and Omani adults. RESULTS: On the Eating Attitude Test, 33% of Omani teenagers (29.4% females and 36.4% males) and 9% of non-Omani teenagers (7.5% of males and 10.6% females) showed a propensity for anorexic-like behavior. On the Bulimic Investigatory Test, 12.3% of Omani teenagers showed a propensity for binge eating or bulimia (13.7% females and 10.9% males). Among the non-Omani teenagers, 18.4% showed a tendency toward bulimia, with females showing a slightly greater tendency than males. In contrast, barely 2% of Omani adults showed either a presence of or a severity of disorderly behavior with food. CONCLUSION: Omani teenagers scored significantly higher than other ethnic groups and Omani adults. This finding is discussed in the light of emerging evidence from many parts of the world suggesting that cultural transition, compounded by demographic constraints, plays a significant role in abnormal eating attitudes.     

Physical and Sexual Abuse and Neglect and Eating Disorder Symptoms

Abstract

For eating-disordered patients with a history of post-traumatic stress, childhood abuse and neglect, and dissociative disorder, eating behavior symptoms may function as a rational response to unmetabolized traumatic experiences. This paper will review trauma-based theory, dissociation, abreactive, and ego-states therapy as they apply to eating disorder patients.     

Micro-affirmations and Recovery for Persons with Mental Health and Alcohol and Drug Problems: User and Professional Experience-Based Practice and Knowledge

Recurrent factors contributing to a recovery process from co-occurring mental health and addiction problems mentioned by users and professionals have been analyzed as part of working alliances and helpful relationships. Still, we lack knowledge about how helpful relationships are developed in daily practice. In this article, we focus on the concrete construction of professional helpful relationships. Forty persons in recovery and fifteen professionals were interviewed. The interviews were analyzed according to thematic analysis, resulting in three themes presented as paradoxes (1) My own decision, but with the help of others; (2) The need for structures and going beyond them; and (3) Small trivial things of great importance. Micro-affirmations have a central role in creating helpful relationships by confirming the individuals involved as more than solely users or professionals. More attention and appreciation should be paid to practices involving micro-affirmations.

     

Opiate and digitalis receptor assays distinguish between neuroexcitant and inactive organochlorines and between anesthetics and convulsants

Specific binding of [3H]naloxone to rat brain tissue in vitro was inhibited by the excitant organochlorinated insecticides (OCI), by ether (E) and octanol (OCT), and by the convulsant indoklon (IND) and its anesthetic isomer, isoindoklon (ISO). In the presence of 100 mM NaCl the inhibition of naloxone binding by E, OCT and ISO was greatly potentiated, whereas that by OCI and IND was attenuated. KCl (100 mM) was equally effective as NaCl on the action of anesthetics, but the effect of the excitant drugs was, in contrast to NaCl, unaffected by KCl. Specific binding of [3H]ouabain in the absence of Na, was depressed by anesthetics and enhanced by neuroexcitants. In the presence of NaCl, which by itself inhibits ouabain binding to brain, both anesthetics and excitants enhanced ouabain binding. DDE, a non-insecticidal analog of DDT, and the dimethyl derivative of the OCI, lindane, were inactive in the receptor assays. These observations point to a unique isolated system which responds consistently to anesthetic agents as a class and, in a different way, to neuroexcitant compounds.