异丙酚预处理对HK-2细胞缺氧/复氧损伤后水通道蛋白1表达的影响

目的 观察异丙酚预处理对HK-2细胞缺氧/复氧损伤后水通道蛋白(AQP-1)表达的影响.方法 将培养的HK-2细胞随机分为4组:对照组(A组):细胞未经任何处理;氯化钴(CoCI2)组(B组):培养孔中加入300 μmol/L的CoCl2处理4 h,然后更换正常的培养基培养24 h,之后更换无血清的培养基培养;脂肪乳剂组(C组):培养孔中加入10%脂肪乳剂90 μl预处理1 h,余同B组;异丙酚组(D组):培养孔中加入用DMEM稀释至终浓度25 μmol/L的异丙酚预处理1 h,余同B组.MTT法测定细胞增殖.RT-PCR技术检测AQP-1和bcl-2 mRNA的表达.结果 经过25 μmol/L的异丙酚预处理1 h后,HK-2细胞的增殖明显增高(P<0.01),AQP-1 mRNA的表达明显减少(P<0.01),bcl-2 mRNA的表达明显增加(P<0.01).结论 异丙酚预处理通过调节AOP-1和bcl-2的表达从而减轻HK-2细胞缺氧/复氧后的损伤.     

谷氨酸转运体-1在H2S保护PC12细胞对抗化学性低氧损伤中的作用

目的探讨谷氨酸转运体-1（GLT-1）在硫化氢（H2S）保护PC12细胞对抗化学性低氧损伤中的作用。方法应用化学性低氧模拟剂氯化钴（CoCl2）处理PC12细胞建立化学性低氧损伤模型作为研究对象。实验分为6组,正常对照组：未经任何药物处理的PC12细胞;CoCl2处理组：PC12细胞用600μmol/L的CoCl2处理24h或48h;H2S单独处理组;H2S预处理组：400μmol/L NaHS（H2S的供体）提前30min作用PC12细胞,然后与CoCl2一起再作用24h或48h;DHK（一种GLT-1抑制剂）单独处理组;DHK阻断组：在NaHS预处理前30min,给以400μmol/L DHK,然后按H2S预处理组继续处理。应用蛋白免疫印迹法（Western bolt）检测GLT-1蛋白表达;CCK-8比色法测定细胞存活率;Hoechst33258核染色法检测细胞凋亡的形态学改变及数量改变;罗丹明123（Rh123）染色及荧光显微镜照相测定线粒体膜电位（MMP）。结果 600μmol/L CoCl2处理PC12细胞24h可使GLT-1表达明显减少;在CoCl2处理PC12细胞前应用400μmol/L NaHS预处理30min能明显地阻断CoCl2对GLT-1表达的抑制作用;400μmol/L的GLT-1抑制剂DHK能阻断H2S保护PC12细胞对抗CoCl2诱导的损伤作用,使细胞存活率降低,凋亡细胞数量及MMP丢失增多。结论上调GLT-1表达可能是H2S保护PC12细胞对抗CoCl2损伤的作用机制之一。     

橄榄苦苷对HK-2细胞缺糖缺氧损伤的保护作用

目的分析橄榄苦苷对HK-2细胞缺糖缺氧损伤的保护作用并探讨其可能的作用机制。方法实验于2017年1-4月在武汉大学人民医院中心实验室进行,体外培养HK-2细胞,应用无糖无血清培养基和三气培养箱建立缺糖缺氧模型,将细胞分为对照组、单纯缺氧24 h复氧3 h组(IR组)和缺氧24 h复氧3 h加不同浓度(10μmol/L、50μmol/L、100μmol/L、200μmol/L)的橄榄苦苷干预组。用CCK-8检测各组细胞的A450值,与对照组比较计算细胞的存活率,Hoechst染色检测各组细胞的凋亡情况,Western Blot法测定B淋巴细胞瘤-2(B-cell lymphoma-2,Bcl-2)、Bcl-2相关x蛋白(Bcl-2 associate X protein,Bax)的蛋白表达量,结果橄榄苦苷随浓度升高能够提高HK-2细胞在缺糖缺氧环境下的细胞存活率,100μmol/L组存活率最高,但至200μmol/L组存活率呈降低趋势;Hoechst染色显示橄榄苦苷可减少缺糖缺氧损伤引起的细胞凋亡,100μmol/L组凋亡率最低;Western blot结果显示橄榄苦苷能够增加细胞Bcl-2蛋白的表达,降低Bax蛋白的表达。结论橄榄苦苷对HK-2细胞的缺糖缺氧损伤具有一定的保护作用,其作用机制可能与其抑制细胞凋亡有关。     

硫化氢通过抑制iNOS-NO通路对抗化学性缺氧引起的PC12细胞损伤

【目的】 探讨硫化氢（H2S）是否通过抑制iNOS-NO通路对抗化学性缺氧诱导的PC12细胞损伤。【方法】应用化学性低氧模拟剂氯化钴（CoCl2）处理PC12细胞建立化学性缺氧损伤模型。应用CCK-8比色法检测细胞存活率;Hoechst33258染色法观察细胞凋亡的形态学改变;PI染色流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率;Griess试剂盒检测细胞培养液中的亚硝酸盐（NO的代谢物）的浓度;Western blot法检测iNOS蛋白的表达水平。【结果】 应用600µmol/L CoCl2处理PC12细胞24h可使诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）表达明显增多;在应用600µmol/L CoCl2处理PC12细胞前30min,应用400µmol/LNaHS（H2S的供体）预处理细胞不仅可明显地抑制CoCl2诱导的iNOS表达及NO生成的增多,还能保护PC12细胞对抗600µmol/L CoCl2引起的损伤,使细胞存活率升高,凋亡细胞数目减少;在CoCl2损伤PC12细胞前60min应用iNOS抑制剂L-Canavanine(10µmol/L)预处理也能产生类似NaHS的作用。SB203580(p38MAPK特异性抑制剂)预处理60min也可以下调CoCl2引起的iNOS高表达。【结论】 iNOS-NO通路介导CoCl2引起PC12细胞的损伤作用; H2S通过抑制iNOS-NO通路对抗化学性缺氧诱导的PC12细胞损伤。     

p38MAPK磷酸化水平及Caspase-3在NMDA诱导的体外培养神经元中的激活及SB203580的保护作用

目的探讨p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶磷酸化(P-MAPK)水平及半胱氨酸蛋白酶-3(Caspase-3)在N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸(NMDA)诱导的体外培养神经元中的激活及p38MAPK抑制剂SB203580的保护作用。方法随机将原代培养7 d的大鼠皮质神经元分为对照组,NMDA组,SB203580低、中、高剂量组。对照组仅用DMEM/F12完全培养基,NMDA组去除正常神经元培养液,加入50μmol/L NMDA,处理时间10 min;SB203580低、中、高剂量组浓度分别为5、10、20μmol/L,继续培养24 h,加入50μmol/L NMDA。采用MTT法评价细胞生存力,丫啶橙(AO)染色检测凋亡细胞数量及乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)含量;免疫细胞化学染色法(IHC)及免疫印记法(WB)检测皮质神经元内P-MAPK及Caspase-3的表达水平。结果与对照组比较,NMDA组的吸光度值明显降低、神经元凋亡明显增加、P-MAPK及Caspase-3表达增加(P均<0.01),SB203580低、中、高剂量组P-MAPK及Caspase-3随着浓度的增加表达减少,以高剂量组为明显(P<0.05,P<0.01);与NMDA组比较,SB203580低、中、高剂量组吸光度值均升高,以高剂量组为明显,细胞凋亡数量明显减少(P均<0.05)。结论 P-MAPK及Caspase-3在NMDA诱导的皮质神经元中表达增强,SB203580对NMDA诱导的神经元损伤具有保护作用,其作用机制可能与p38MAPK的活化,进而直接或间接激活Caspase-3的表达有关。     

H_2O_2通过上调P38的活性而诱导PC12细胞凋亡

目的:探讨H2O2是否通过调节P38MAPK的活性而诱导PC12细胞凋亡。方法:碘化丙啶(PI)染色流式细胞术(FCM)检测细胞凋亡;Western-Blot测定磷酸化ERK1/2蛋白和磷酸化p38蛋白的表达。结果:作用PC12细胞24h后,20～80μmol/L的H2O2可呈浓度依赖性地诱导PC12细胞凋亡并增加PC12细胞P38磷酸化的水平;P38特异性抑制剂SB203580(10或20μmol/L)预处理30min可显著减轻40μmol/LH2O2对PC12细胞凋亡的诱导作用。结论:H2O2通过上调P38的活性而诱导PC12细胞凋亡。     

异丙酚对缺氧复氧损伤人血管内皮细胞caspase-3和Bcl-2蛋白表达的影响

目的探讨异丙酚对缺氧复氧损伤所致人血管内皮细胞凋亡及caspase-3、Bcl-2蛋白表达的影响。方法建立人脐静脉内皮细胞缺氧复氧损伤模型。将细胞缺氧培养30min再复氧,或加入不同浓度异丙酚孵育30min后再进行缺氧复氧处理,在复氧不同时相点（2、6、24和48h）以流式细胞仪计数凋亡细胞数量,并采用免疫细胞化学方法检测caspase-3和Bcl-2蛋白表达的变化。结果缺氧复氧后内皮细胞呈现典型的凋亡形态,复氧2h凋亡细胞数量开始增加,复氧6h时升高显著,至24h达峰值;异丙酚明显抑制复氧后细胞凋亡的发生。正常体外培养人血管内皮细胞Bcl-2蛋白表达较低,随复氧时间延长Bcl-2表达明显下调;25μmol/L异丙酚预处理可使复氧后内皮细胞Bcl-2表达升高,与相应缺氧复氧组比较差异有显著性（P〈0.01）,50、100μmol/L异丙酚组作用相似,不同浓度异丙酚作用呈现一定的剂量效应关系。缺氧复氧损伤使caspase-3蛋白表达增强,复氧24h后达高峰;异丙酚预处理以剂量依赖方式显著下调caspase-3表达（P〈0.01）。结论异丙酚降低缺氧复氧损伤所致的内皮细胞凋亡,可能与其抑制缺氧复氧引起的caspase-3活化、上调Bcl-2蛋白表达有关。     

异丙酚预处理离体乳鼠脑皮质细胞对脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的：探讨不同浓度异丙酚预处理离体乳鼠脑皮质细胞对脑缺血-再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法：取出生24 h以内的新生SD乳鼠的脑皮质细胞,体外培养至第7天,随机分为5组：A组（正常对照组）,B组（损伤组）,C1组（1 mg/L异丙酚预处理组）,C2组（3 mg/L异丙酚预处理组）和C3组（5 mg/L异丙酚预处理组）。C1、C2C3组第7天予以对应浓度的药物预处理,24 h后B、C1、C2、C3组予200μmol/L谷氨酸损伤0.5 h,所有组更换正常培养液继续培养24 h;观察神经细胞存活率（MTT法）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）漏出率、细胞凋亡率、HE染色后细胞形态变化。结果：异丙酚预处理各组MTT量不同程度高于损伤组,LDH漏出量和凋亡细胞百分比低于损伤组;HE染色后各预处理组细胞形态受损较损伤组轻,以C2组效果最佳。结论：异丙酚提前24 h预处理离体幼鼠脑皮质细胞对脑缺血-再灌注损伤有保护作用,其中以3 mg/L异丙酚保护效果最佳。     

山柰酚激活p38 MAPK信号通路促进人牙周韧带间充质干细胞的迁移和成骨细胞分化

目的 ：基于p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）信号通路,探讨山柰酚（KFR）对人牙周韧带间充质干细胞（HPL-MSC）迁移能力和成骨细胞分化能力的影响。方法 ：体外培养HPL-MSC细胞系,根据细胞处理方式不同,分为0μmol/L KFR组、0.01μmol/L KFR组、0.1μmol/L KFR组、1μmol/L KFR组、10μmol/L KFR组、100μmol/L KFR组、p38 MAPK抑制剂SB203580组（SB203580组）、0.1μmol/L KFR+SB203580组（0.1+SB203580组）,药物处理24 h或48 h。药物处理48 h后,进行成骨细胞诱导培养7 d。采用划痕实验、Transwell检测细胞迁移和侵袭能力,Western blotting评估成骨分化能力和p38 MAPK的活化水平,细胞计数试剂盒-8(CCK8)检测细胞活力。结果 ：与0μmol/L KFR组相比,处理24 h后的1μmol/L KFR组细胞活力较高,而100μmol/L KFR组细胞活力较低;处理48 h后的0.01、0.1、1μmol/L KFR组细胞活力较高,而在...     

乳腺癌耐药性与MAPK信号转导关系的研究

目的探讨乳腺癌细胞阿霉素耐药性与p38MAPK通路的关系。方法用流式细胞术检测SB203580(15μmol/L)干预后细胞的凋亡、细胞内阿霉素浓度的改变、细胞对阿霉素敏感性。结果经SB203580(15μmol/L)干预24h和48h后,流式细胞仪检测见MCF-7/Adr细胞发生显著凋亡,凋亡率分别为25.36±1.17%和38.21±1.25%,并呈一定时间依赖性(P<0.05);显著高于空白对照组及DMSO组MCF-7/Adr细胞的0.65±0.21%和0.81±0.16%(P<0.01);细胞内阿霉素浓度亦显著增加,平均荧光强度分别为32.45±2.36及41.66±3.12,均显著高于空白对照组及DMSO组的14.17±1.45及16.28±0.63(P<0.01);另外,SB203580干预48h使MCF-7/Adr细胞内阿霉素浓度增加的作用强于24h组,两者间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论提示p38MAPK通路与乳腺癌细胞阿霉素耐药密切相关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.