大泡性角膜病变18例手术治疗效果回顾性分析

目的:评价羊膜移植几种手术方法治疗大泡性角膜病变的临床效果。方法:对18例大泡性角膜病变患者,分别采取角膜层间烧烙术、新鲜羊膜移植术、角膜灼烙联合羊膜嵌入移植手术。结果:18例大泡性角膜病变患者,术后1～5d疼痛消失,7～12d角膜上皮修复,7～21d后羊膜植片常规溶解。角膜层间烧烙术1眼、新鲜羊膜移植术3眼术后1～2mo再次出现角膜大泡及角膜刺激症状而再次手术。角膜灼烙联合羊膜嵌入移植术,术后当天疼痛消失,14d角膜上皮光滑,角膜大泡消失。随访6～18mo无1例复发,部分患者视力有不同程度的提高。结论:角膜灼烙联合羊膜嵌入移植对大泡性角膜病变具有明显的治疗效果。     

角膜层间晶状体前囊植入联合羊膜移植治疗大泡性角膜病变

目的 探讨角膜层间晶状体前囊植入联合羊膜移植治疗大泡性角膜病变的效果.方法 对内眼手术后大泡性角膜病变11例（11眼）施行角膜层间晶状体前囊植入联合羊膜移植术.术后随诊12个月,观察治疗后疼痛等症状缓解情况、角膜水泡消退、角膜上皮愈合情况,以及有无眼部并发症.结果 11例中,9例术后疼痛症状减轻,6例术后视力提高,8例角膜缺损区3周内愈合.结论 在基层医院缺乏角膜材料的情况下,应用角膜层间晶状体前囊植入联合羊膜移植治疗大泡性角膜病变,可缓解大泡性角膜病患者的痛苦,提高部分患者视力,达到治疗的效果.     

羊膜移植治疗大泡性角膜病变

目的 :探讨施行羊膜移植术治疗大泡性角膜病变的临床效果。方法 :对 11例 ( 11眼 )大泡性角膜病变患者施行羊膜移植术。结果 :羊膜移植后随访 1～ 7个月间 ,术前难以忍受疼痛的 11例中 10例 ( 91% )术后疼痛消失 ,1例疼痛减轻。有 4例 ( 36 % )术后视力提高 ,9例 ( 82 % )角膜上皮在 5周内迅速愈合 ,另 2例角膜大泡局限于小区域。结论 :羊膜移植术为大泡性角膜病变的有效方法 ,与继往其他方法比较具有明显优越性     

羊膜移植术治疗大泡性角膜病变

目的：探讨施行羊膜移植术治疗大泡性角膜病变的临床效果。方法：对11例（11只眼）大泡性角膜病变患者施行羊膜移植术,结果：羊膜移植术后随访1-7个月间,术前难以忍受疼痛的11例中10例（91%）术后疼痛消失,1例疼痛减轻。有4例（36%）术后视力提高,9例（82%）角膜上皮在5周内迅速愈合,另2例角膜大泡局限于小区域。结论：羊膜移植术为治疗大泡性角膜病变的有效方法,与继往其他治疗方法比较具有明显优越性。     

自体板层角膜转位联合层间烧灼及羊膜移植术治疗大泡性角膜病变

目的 探讨自体板层角膜转位联合层间烧灼及羊膜移植术在大泡性角膜病变治疗中的临床效果.方法 选取大泡性角膜病变患者6例(6眼),均有明显刺痛、流泪症状.其中白内障术后3例;白内障术后继发青光眼1例:青光眼术后并发白内障1例:角膜异物取出术后1例.6例患者均行自体板层角膜转位联合层间烧灼及羊膜移植术治疗.结果 6例患者术后眼病等刺激症状基本消失,角膜上皮完整,随访3～12个月均未发现大泡性角膜病变复发及并发症出现,视力有轻度提高.结论 自体板层角膜转位联合层间烧灼及羊膜移植术可有效缓解大泡性角膜病变的症状,是解除视功能不佳的大泡性角膜病变患者临床症状的有效方法.     

角膜表面及层间联合生物羊膜移植治疗大泡性角膜病变

目的探讨生物羊膜移植治疗大泡性角膜病变的方法和疗效。方法对13例(13只眼)大泡性角膜病变患者行角膜表面及层间联合生物羊膜移植术,并对其进行近期和远期的疗效观察。结果13例(13只眼)患者角膜愈合好,眼部症状消失,无复发、无不良反应。结论角膜表面及层间联合生物羊膜移植术对减轻大泡性角膜病变炎症反应和疼痛,重建角膜表面,防止大泡性角膜病变复发有非常好的治疗效果,且手术安全、简单易行、取材容易、疗效可靠,值得临床应用。     

角膜层间分离灼烙术治疗大泡性角膜病变

目的探讨施行角膜层间分离灼烙术治疗大泡性角膜病变的临床效果.方法对14例大泡性角膜病变患者施行8～9mm深达1/2角膜的层间分离及灼烙.结果所治病例角膜愈合良好,无不良反应,眼痛、异物感症状消失,视力有不同程度改善,随访6～24个月,临床疗效稳定.结论角膜层间分离灼烙术为不具备穿透性角膜移植的大泡性角膜病变提供了一种简便、安全、不需特殊材料、较为理想的手术方法.     

角膜基质层烧烙联合羊膜移植治疗大泡性角膜病变

目的探讨角膜基质层烧烙联合羊膜移植治疗大泡性角膜病变（BK）的临床疗效。方法对9例（9只眼）大泡性角膜病变的患者行角膜基质层烧烙联合羊膜移植,其中白内障联合人工晶状体植入术后5例,抗青光眼术后3例,角膜穿通伤1例。结果术后眼部刺激症状、角膜上皮大泡均于1周内消退,角膜基质水肿7～10d消失。术后随访3～24个月,均未发现BK复发及并发症的发生。结论对于症状明显、病情顽固、难以恢复有效视力且不具备角膜移植条件的BK患者,角膜基质层烧烙联合羊膜移植可有效控制BK的症状,防止BK的复发,是治疗BK可供选择的有效方法。     

角膜基质针刺联合羊膜移植术治疗大泡性角膜病变

目的：探讨施行角膜基质针刺联合羊膜移植术治疗大泡性角膜病变（bullous keratopathy,BK）的临床疗效。方法：对35例35眼大泡性角膜病变者施行角膜基质针刺联合羊膜移植术,所有患者术前、术后均行前节OCT、角膜地形图、角膜知觉、共焦显微镜检查。观察患者术后眼部症状、大泡复发情况、角膜知觉改变、角膜厚度变化、角膜各层组织结构变化。结果：角膜基质针刺联合羊膜移植术后随访6～18mo。32例（91%）均在术后第1d疼痛感消失,并在随访期间未再出现疼痛,另外3例（9%）疼痛感减轻并在3d后消失。9例（26%）术后角膜上皮在1wk内愈合,21例（60%）在2wk内愈合,5例（14%）在3wk内愈合。随访期间BK无复发,2例（6%）在术后3,4wk在周边区域见少量微小水泡,无自觉症状,随时间延长未见加重。所有患者无新生血管发生,角膜表面光滑。30例（86%）移植的羊膜于术后2mo变薄,部分溶解吸收,3mo时肉眼基本不见羊膜。34例（97%）视力无改变,1例（3%）由光感到手动/眼前。30例（86%）术后2mo角膜知觉减退,下降幅度为20±7mm,所有患者角膜厚度均增加,由术前的788±35μm,增至940±43μm,术后12mo,角膜厚度增至1 060±27μm。共焦显微镜结果：术后3mo,角膜基底膜下三叉神经纤维数量密度降低,浅基质层基质细胞成纤维化,深基质层更加疏松、细胞肿胀明显,内皮细胞数量较术前减少且肿胀更加明显。结论：角膜基质针刺联合羊膜移植术能有效控制BK的症状,防止BK的复发,尤其是对症状明显,视功能差的患者是简单、安全、实用的方法。     

氯丙嗪球后注射联合角膜层间灼烙治疗绝对期青光眼

目的:探讨氯丙嗪球后注射联合角膜层间灼烙治疗绝对期青光眼的临床效果,以解除绝对期青光眼疼痛问题。方法:对29例(30眼)绝对期青光眼采用球后注射氯丙嗪,对伴发大泡性角膜病变者加用角膜层间灼烙术。结果:29例中14例仅采用球后注射氯丙嗪一种方法就达到止疼目的,15例(16眼)伴发大泡性角膜病变者,因球后注射未完全解除疼痛而加用角膜层间灼烙术后疼痛消失。结论:球后注射氯丙嗪治疗绝对期青光眼引起的疼痛是简单有效的方法,对合并大泡性角膜病变者,于第1次注射氯丙嗪后即需加用角膜层间灼烙术。     

Strabisme Alternant - Etude clinique - traitement

The author defines motor and sensory alternation: the term alternation should not be used in isolation, it should always be accompanied by the name of the parameter concerned. Sensory alternation is always found together with motor alternation but the reverse is not true.The examining criteria for a diagnosis of sensory alternation are given, sensory alternation must not be confused with alternating inhibition. Working from clinical observations of cases of motor alternating strabismus, the author selects 2 types of binocular sensory relations which allow one to differentiate between:- cases of primary alternating strabismus- cases of secondary alternating strabismusThese forms will develop in different ways; in both cases a cure is possible providing that the right treatment is prescribed and once prescribed carefully followed, etc. It is always a case of serious forms of strabismus whose developmental period is spread over several years.According to the authors, the frequency of cases of true primary strabismus is from 1–3%, the frequency of cases of secondary alternating strabismus varies according to the type of therapy practised on cases of monocular strabismus with amblyopia. These latter will become cases of alternating strabismus under the influence of certain types of therapy carried out over several years (penalization, rocking, alternated occlusion, etc...).Experimental data on kittens confirm clinical data; kittens placed in abnormal environments during the sensitive period will show modification in the distribution of cortical cells and the absence of binocular cells (either because the excitation of the two eyes was not simultaneous, or not identical: artificial strabismus, occlusion, opaque glasses). This disturbances become irreversible after a certain period of exposure (a function of age, length of exposure, etc...).It is thus necessary to bear in mind: 1) the iatrogenic risks of certain orthoptic treatments, 2) the necessity for a binocular form of treatment as soon as possible, as once a certain stage is passed, cortical plasticity diminishes and the elaboration of normal binocular relations becomes impossible.

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Effects of Adenosine Agonists on Intraocular Pressure and Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Cynomolgus Monkeys

The effects of single or multiple topical doses of the relatively selective A₁adenosine receptor agonists (R)-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) and N⁶-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) on intraocular pressure (IOP), aqueous humor flow (AHF) and outflow facility were investigated in ocular normotensive cynomolgus monkeys. IOP and AHF were determined, under ketamine anesthesia, by Goldmann applanation tonometry and fluorophotometry, respectively. Total outflow facility was determined by anterior chamber perfusion under pentobarbital anesthesia. A single unilateral topical application of R-PIA (20–250 μg) or CHA (20–500 μg) produced ocular hypertension (maximum rise=4.9 or 3.5 mmHg) within 30 min, followed by ocular hypotension (maximum fall=2.1 or 3.6 mmHg) from 2–6 hr. The relatively selective adenosine A₂antagonist 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX, 320 μg) inhibited the early hypertension, without influencing the hypotension. Neither 100 μg R-PIA nor 500 μg CHA clearly altered AHF. Total outflow facility was increased by 71% 3 hr after 100 μg R-PIA. In conclusion, the early ocular hypertension produced by topical adenosine agonists in cynomolgus monkeys is associated with the activation of adenosine A₂receptors, while the subsequent hypotension appears to be mediated by adenosine A₁receptors and results primarily from increased outflow facility.