下斜肌转位术与下斜肌切断术治疗斜视V征的比较

目的 比较下斜肌转位术(AT)与下斜肌切断术在治疗下斜肌功能亢进引起的斜视V征的作用.方法 回顾性分析行下斜肌转位术治疗的伴有下斜肌功能亢进,同时合并分离垂直性斜视(DVD)的28例斜视V征患者,术前下斜肌功能亢进程度为+1～+3,V征差值不超过30PD,根据双眼下斜肌功能亢进对称性以及双眼或单眼行下斜肌转位术,分为双眼AT组(15例)和单眼AT组(13例),与历史同期行下斜肌切断术治疗的伴有下斜肌功能亢进,不合并DVD的28例斜视V征患者进行非随机埘照研究,对照组根据下斜肌功能亢进对称性及双眼行对称或非对称下斜肌切断术,相应地分为对照1组(15例)和对照2组(13例),分别测最手术前后V征筹值,比较手术矫正V征差值并进行统计学分析.结果 双眼AT组平均矫正V征差值(15.67±4.03)三棱镜度(PD),对照1组平均矫正(15.20±3.51)PD,两组差异无统计学意义(t=0.338,P＞0.05);单眼AT组平均矫正v征差值(14.69±3.71)PD,对照2组平均矫正(14.00±3.94)PD,两组差异无统计学意义(t=0.462,P＞0.05).结论 下斜肌转位术与下斜肌切断术治疗下斜肌功能亢进引起的V征斜视疗效无差别.     

外斜视伴有假性斜肌功能亢进

目的分析外斜视患者伴有上、下斜肌功能亢进现象的临床特点、机制和治疗效果。设计回顾性病例系列。研究对象13例外斜视伴上、下斜肌功能亢进的患者。方法回顾分析该类患者的斜视患病时间、眼球运动功能、眼球主客观旋转、手术治疗方法和治疗效果。主要指标斜视程度、斜视患病时间、眼球运动功能、双眼视功能。结果13例患者外斜视患病时间平均(19.5±5.9)年,视远外斜视度平均(35.0±5.2)°,视近外斜视度平均(45.4±6.2)°,术前双眼内转功能不足-2～-3,双眼上、下斜肌功能同时亢进 1～ 2,眼球主观和客观旋转正常。2例行单眼内直肌缩短联合外直肌后退术,11例行双眼内直肌缩短或联合外直肌后退术。术后1周双眼内转功能正常,上、下斜肌功能亢进现象消失,1例患者术后2个月时复查有单眼下斜肌功能亢进 2。结论部分患病时间较长的大度数外斜视患者伴有内转功能不足,可表现为假性斜肌功能亢进,建议行内直肌缩短术或联合外直肌后退术。(眼科,2007,16:330-333)     

伴有下斜肌功能亢进外斜V征眼外肌病理学研究

目的:观察伴有下斜肌功能亢进外斜V征患者及正常人下斜肌和内直肌的病理学改变。方法:将伴有下斜肌功能亢进外斜V征患者6例术中切除的下斜肌及内直肌作为斜视组,行HE染色,光镜下观察病理学改变,并测量肌细胞的横截面积;角膜移植供体的下斜肌及内直肌（6例6眼）作为对照组。结果:斜视组下斜肌部分肌纤维轻度肥大增粗,粗细不等,排列紊乱,走形不规则,横纹结构欠清晰;可见部分肌纤维出现核内移现象,玻璃样变性及少量胶原纤维增生。肌纤维平均横截面积为854.1±64.8μm²,与对照组（719.7±80.4μm²）无显著性差异（P>0.05）。斜视组内直肌同样发生了病理改变。除了肌纤维走形不规则,横纹结构欠清晰,部分肌纤维出现核内移现象,玻璃样变性外,主要还表现为肌纤维减少,排列疏松、紊乱,间隙变大,胶原增生较明显。其肌纤维平均横截面积为324.9±63.3μm²,较对照组（690.8±67.3μm²）明显减小（P<0.05）。结论:斜视组功能亢进的下斜肌和弱侧内直肌均发生了明显的病理改变。     

外斜V征的手术探讨

目的探讨外斜V征的特征及手术效果。方法外斜V征患者44例,依据是否伴有下斜肌功能亢进及亢进程度,行下斜肌切断/部分切除联合常规水平直肌手术或水平直肌垂直移位术。所有患者常规矫正相应的水平斜度。观察手术前后的眼位、斜肌功能和双眼视觉。结果下斜肌切断/部分切除适用于下斜肌功能亢进＋＋以上的V征,水平直肌垂直移位术适用于无下斜肌功能亢进或下斜肌功能亢进＋的V征。结论下斜肌功能异常是外斜V征的主要原因,应依据是否伴有斜肌功能亢进、亢进程度决定行下斜肌手术或水平直肌垂直移位术。     

外斜V征手术探讨

目的 :探讨外斜V征的特征及不同术式的手术效果。方法 :5 2例外斜V征 45例行下斜肌切断 /部分切除 ,7例行水平直肌垂直移位术 ,观察手术前后的眼位、下斜肌功能和双眼视觉。结果 :下斜肌切断 /部分切除适用于下斜肌功能亢进 ～ 的外斜V征 ,水平直肌垂直移位术适用于无下斜肌功能亢进或下斜肌功能亢进 的外斜V征。结论 :下斜肌功能亢进是外斜V征的主要原因 ,对外斜V征患者应依据是否伴有下斜肌功能亢进及亢进程度 ,行下斜肌切断 /部分切除或水平直肌垂直移位术。     

外斜Ⅴ征的手术治疗

目的探讨外斜V征不同术式的手术效果。方法48例外斜V征,32例行下斜肌部分切除或后退术,联合外直肌后退及内直肌缩短,16例行水平直肌垂直移位术,联合外直肌后退及内直肌缩短（其中4例联合上直肌肌止端向鼻侧移位）,观察手术前后的眼位、下斜肌功能和双眼视觉的情况。结果术后第一眼位正位者45例,V征消失或缓解者43例,双眼视恢复者17例。结论下斜肌部分切除或后退术适用于下斜肌功能亢进的外斜V征,水平直肌垂直移位术适用于无下斜肌功能亢进的外斜V征。     

手术治疗外斜V征的效果观察

目的探讨外斜v征的手术方法及其效果。方法外斜V征43例中38例行下斜肌切断或部分切除联合常规水平肌手术,另5例行水平直肌垂直移位术。观察术前术后眼位、下斜肌功能和双眼视觉的状况。结果对大多数外斜V征的患者来说,下斜肌减弱术联合常规的水平肌手术矫正效果最好;对无明显下斜肌亢进者,水平直肌的垂直移位术可取得很好的疗效。本组43例外斜V征患者中37例术后眼位上、中、下均为正位,54眼下斜肌功能亢进消失,8眼仍有轻度下斜肌功能亢进,15例有一定程度的双眼视。结论根据外斜V征是否合并下斜肌亢进以及亢进的程度,决定行下斜肌减弱术或水平直肌垂直移位术,同时行常规水平肌手术矫正水平斜视。术后效果良好,患者双眼视觉功能可能有所恢复。     

伴有下斜肌功能亢进的水平斜视合并V征的手术治疗

目的探讨伴有下斜肌功能亢进（inferior oblique overaction IOOA）的水平斜视合并V征的手术方法及治疗效果。方法回顾分析58例伴有IOOA的水平斜视合并V征的病例,对手术前后的斜视度,向上、下25°注视眼位的斜视度差,斜肌功能进行了总结。结果 57例常规水平直肌后退和（或）缩短术同时行下斜肌减弱术;1例双眼下斜肌功能亢进＋1,仅行水平直肌后退缩短术。术前向上、下25°注视眼位的斜视度数差为24.5△,随访末期为5.4△。58例患者中,外斜44例（75.9%）,术前原在位外斜度45.8△,内斜14例（24.1%）,术前原在位内斜度40.5△,术后水平斜视度平均为6.8△,术后IOOA减弱或消失,手术矫正效果满意。结论 V型斜视患者多合并原发性或继发性的IOOA,减弱下斜肌功能可有效矫治V型斜视,常规斜视矫正方法能有效矫正水平斜视。     

下斜肌转位术对伴有下斜肌亢进DVD的矫正作用

目的 探讨下斜肌转位术对伴有下斜肌亢进的垂直分离性斜视(dissociated verticaldeviation,DVD)原在位垂直斜视的矫正作用.方法应用下斜肌转位术治疗34例(46只眼)伴有下斜肌亢进DVD患者的垂直斜视,18例合并水平斜视者同期手术矫正,手术前后测量原在位垂直斜视度及下斜肌亢进程度,并进行统计学比较.结果原在位垂直斜视度5m远距离平均矫正(13.57±9.74)PD(t=9.450,P<0.01),95%置信区间为(10.67,16.46)PD.33cm近距离平均矫正(13.28±9.98)PD(t=9.029,P<0.01),95%置信区间为(10.32,16.25)PD.下斜肌亢进程度从术前平均+2降至术后0(Wilcoxon符号秩检验,Z=5.957,P<0.01),差异均具有统计学意义.结论下斜肌转位术是治疗伴有下斜肌亢进DVD的有效手段.合并之下斜肌亢进同时得以消除.     

改良下斜肌切断术治疗伴下斜肌功能亢进的V型斜视

目的：探讨改良下斜肌切断术治疗伴下斜肌功能亢进的 V 型斜视的疗效。方法对68例（106眼）伴下斜肌功能亢进的 V 型斜视行改良下斜肌切除联合水平直肌后退及（或）缩短术,术后观察评价下斜肌功能、眼位及双眼单视功能。结果术后100眼（94.3%）下斜肌功能亢进消失、6眼（5.6%）下斜肌亢进、无下斜肌功能不足者。术前水平斜视角平均64.5△,术后9.2△,术前垂直斜视角平均15.8△,术后随访为2.2△,平均降低13.6△。术前7例（12.5%）有双眼单视功能,术后47例（73.5%）有不同程度的双眼单视功能。结论改良下斜肌切断术是伴下斜肌功能亢进的 V 型斜视的有效术式。     

Effectiveness of modified inferior oblique muscle belly transposition for V-pattern exotropia combined with mild to moderate inferior oblique muscle overaction

AIM: To investigate the effectiveness of a modified inferior oblique muscle belly transposition for treatment of V-pattern exotropia combined with mild to moderate inferior oblique muscle overaction. METHODS: Thirteen cases (23 affected eyes) of V-pattern exotropia with inferior oblique muscle overaction (+ or ++) who underwent the modified inferior oblique muscle belly transposition procedure were retrospectively reviewed. The amount of V-pattern, grade of inferior oblique overaction, degree of vertical strabismus, abnormal head posture, and the fovea-disc angle were evaluated before and after surgery. RESULTS: The V-pattern was corrected in all cases, and the amount of V-pattern reduced by 17.85±5.13 prism diopter (PD) on average (t=16.07, P<0.001). The surgical cure rate for mild to moderate inferior oblique muscle overaction was 87.0% (20/23). The degree of the fovea-disc angle has a mean reduction of 5.45°±2.87° (t=3.95, P=0.003) after surgery. The mean vertical deviation in 5 cases with a small-angle hypertropia (5.23±3.06 PD) in the primary position reduced by 3.15±1.86 PD (t=6.10, P<0.001). No serious complications were observed. CONCLUSION: The modified inferior oblique muscle belly transposition procedure can effectively treat mild to moderate inferior oblique overaction and relieve the V-pattern, which is safe and easy to perform.     

Superior Oblique Tucks for Apparent Inferior Oblique Overaction and V-pattern Strabismus Associated with Craniosynostosis

Introduction: Apparent inferior oblique overaction and apparent superior oblique underaction are common in strabismus associated with craniosynostosis, and in many cases are likely due to excyclotorsion of the globes, with the rectus muscles acting with oblique vectors. We present a patient with craniosynostosis who underwent bilateral superior oblique tucks to specifically address the excyclotorsion of the globes.

Methods: A 16-year-old male with Saethre-Chotzen syndrome presented with apparent bilateral inferior oblique overaction and apparent bilateral superior oblique underaction. He had 30 prism diopter (PD) esotropia and 5 PD left hypertropia by simultaneous prism and cover test (SPCT) at distance and near fixation. Fundus exam revealed marked excyclotorsion of both globes. The superior oblique tendons were tucked 10?mm bilaterally, using a 6-0 mersilene suture and the medial rectus muscles were recessed 5.5?mm on an adjustable suture with a 10-mm inferior displacement. Surgical results were reviewed at 6 weeks and 2 years postoperatively.

Results: At 6 weeks and 2 years postoperatively, apparent inferior oblique overaction, apparent superior oblique underaction, and V-pattern esotropia were markedly improved. At 2 years, SPCT measurements were 8 PD esotropia in primary position at distance and 4 PD esotropia and 3 PD left dissociated vertical deviation at near.

Conclusions: Bilateral superior oblique tucks are useful in addressing the excyclotorsion that leads to apparent inferior oblique overaction and V-pattern strabismus associated with craniosynostosis.     

V型外斜视的临床表现和手术治疗分析

目的 探讨V型外斜视的病因、临床表现及手术治疗效果.方法 分析2004年1月至2008年6月收治1340例斜视中76例V型外斜视病例的病史资料及治疗结果.根据不同临床表现和病因,行不同的手术方式,术后进行双眼视功能训练,随访6～12月.结果 76例v型外斜视患者中,共有73例(96.05%)患者存在眼外肌功能异常,包括下斜肌功能亢进患者56例(73.68%)、上斜肌功能不足39例(51.32%)、上直肌功能减弱8例(10.53%)、下直肌功能亢进2例(2.63%)、外直肌功能亢进33例(43.42%)和内直肌功能不足4例(5.26%o术后共有65例效果满意(85.53%),第一眼位正,v征消失,59例(77.63%)通过手术和训练获得了双眼视功能.结论 V型外斜视发病原因以下斜肌功能亢进为主,根据病因选择不同的手术方式,术后配合双眼视功能训练,多能获得双眼视.     

下斜肌肌腹转位术治疗轻度下斜肌亢进伴小度数垂直斜视

目的：观察下斜肌肌腹转位(IOBT)术在单眼下斜肌轻度亢进伴小度数垂直斜视中的应用效果。

方法：回顾性分析2019-09/2021-08在我院行IOBT术的患者,纳入标准为单眼下斜肌轻度亢进(2+及以下),并伴有轻度非共同性垂直斜视(4～9PD)。水平斜视按照常规手术量和方式设计,同期单侧下斜肌亢进眼行单眼IOBT术。观察手术前后水平斜视度、垂直斜视度、侧方注视位垂直斜视度、黄斑视盘夹角及下斜肌亢进程度等。

结果：纳入病例共16例16眼,年龄4～39岁。1例为先天性内斜视术后5a,单眼上斜肌轻度麻痹继发下斜肌功能亢进,余15例均为原发性下斜肌功能亢进伴水平斜视。随访时间为3～6mo。术前和术后平均下斜肌亢进程度分级分别为+2.00(2.00,2.00)级和0.00(0.00,0.00)级(Z=-3.704,P<0.001),平均改善2.00(1.25,2.00)级; 水平斜视度从术前69.13±25.86PD减少到术后2.75±2.59PD(t=9.929,P<0.001); 第一眼位垂直斜视从术前7.44±1.32PD减少到术后1.00±1.21PD(t=22.335,P<0.001),平均矫正上斜视为6.44±1.15PD; 侧方注视垂直斜视从术前12.44±2.73PD减少到术后3.00±2.13PD,平均矫正9.44±2.73PD(t=13.819,P<0.001)。黄斑中心凹-视盘中心夹角度数(FDA)术前为-8.85°±6.53°,术后为-6.49°±7.01°(t=-2.384,P<0.001),平均减少2.36°。未见术后过矫及下斜肌功能不足等并发症。

结论：IOBT术对矫正单侧轻度下斜肌亢进伴小度数垂直斜视是安全有效的。     

Surgical stress and cytoskeletal changes in lens epithelial cells following manual and femtosecond laser-assisted capsulotomy

AIM: To study the effect of mechanical stress on the cytoskeleton in lens epithelial cells following conventional phacoemulsification surgery (CPS) and femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS). METHODS: The cytoskeleton of the epithelial cells of the anterior lens capsules (ALC) removed by CPS and FLACS was examined by immunohistochemistry. Expression of the intermediate filament, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and glutamine synthetase (GS) immunoreactivity were detected. In order to map the actin network of cells, fluorescently labeled phalloidin was used. The samples were examined using confocal laser scanning microscopy. RESULTS: GFAP expression was visible in a larger number of the epithelial cells after CPS compared to FLACS. In CPS sample’s epithelial cells, GFAP immunoreactivity indicated robust morphological change. Regarding the actin filaments, the presence of tubular elements connecting epithelial cells, regular actin pattern and marked cortical network after CPS were found. Following FLACS, the actin cytoskeleton of the epithelial cells remained densely structured, and the tubular elements were undetectable, however, the above-mentioned regular actin pattern and the marked cortical network were visible. CONCLUSION: The conventional removal of the ALC induces more robust changes of the cytoskeleton of the lens epithelial cells.     

下斜肌后固定术在外斜V征中的应用

目的：:探讨下斜肌后固定术（IOBT）在伴有轻中度下斜肌功能亢进的V型斜视中的治疗效果。方法：:前瞻性研究。选择2018年1月至2020年4月在徐州市第一人民医院行IOBT或者部分切除术的外斜V征患者40例,按照随机数字表法将患者随机分为IOBT组和下斜肌部分切除术（IOMYE）组,各20例。IOBT组行双眼IOBT+...     

67例V型斜视的手术探讨

目的 探讨V型斜视的临床特征及不同手术方法及效果.方法 回顾性分析了67例V型斜视的手术治疗.其中外斜V征46例,内斜V征21例,依据是否伴有下斜肌功能亢进及亢进程度,行下斜肌减弱术或水平直肌垂直移位术,所有患者按原在位水平偏斜度常规矫正水平斜视.观察手术前后的眼位、斜肌功能和双眼视觉.结果 67例手术中,49例行下斜肌后徙术或后徙转位术,术后43例上、中、下均正位,V征消失;术前无下斜肌功能亢进或下斜肌功能亢进"+"者13例,行水平直肌垂直移位术后11例正位,V征消失.67例患者术后19例恢复双眼视.结论 下斜肌后徙,后徙转位术适用于下斜肌功能亢进(++)-(+++)的V征,水平直肌垂直移位术适用于无下斜肌功能亢进或下斜肌功能亢进+的V征,应根据下斜肌功能亢进程度选择手术方式.     

共同性内斜视术后继发性外斜视与斜肌功能异常的关系

目的探讨共同性内斜视术后继发性外斜视与斜肌功能异常的关系。方法 回顾性病例研究。2008年至2013年在四川大学华西医院眼科接受手术治疗的26例共同性内斜视术后继发性外斜视患者纳入研究,分析斜肌功能异常在发病因素中的作用。结果 26例中14例发生了新发的斜肌功能异常,包括上斜肌功能亢进8例次、下斜肌功能不足2例次、下斜肌功能亢进6例次、上斜肌功能不足3例次。继发性外斜合并A-V征的8例,其中合并A征5例,V征3例。结论 共同性内斜视术后发生的继发性外斜视可能与未矫正或新出现的斜肌功能异常相关。     

Anterior transposition compared to graded recession of the inferior oblique muscle for V-pattern strabismus

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of anterior transposition (AT) and graded recession (GR) in the treatment of V- pattern strabismus caused by overaction of the inferior oblique muscle. METHODS: The charts of surgically treated cases of V-pattern strabismus were analyzed retrospectively and the patients classified as AT or GR. Age, initial horizontal deviation, initial V-pattern and the amount of V-pattern correction were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in age (p = 0.066), initial horizontal deviation (p = 0.59), initial V-pattern (p = 0.15) or the amount of V-pattern correction (p = 0.78) between the two groups. CONCLUSION: AT is at least as effective as GR in the treatment of V-pattern strabismus caused by overaction of the inferior oblique muscle.