LASIK术前近视眼神经纤维层厚度光学相干断层扫描分析

目的:探讨近视眼视网膜神经纤维层(retinal nerve fiber layer,RNFL)厚度的变化。方法:随机抽取准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(LASIK)术前的近视眼患者53例106眼和正常对照组53例106眼利用光学相干断层扫描仪(OCT)进行以视盘为中心,3.4mm为半径的RNFL测量,计算上、下、鼻、颞四个象限及平均RNFL厚度,分别与正常组比较,并进行统计学分析。结果:近视组与正常对照组平均RNFL厚度相比变薄且有显著性差异(P<0.05)。近视组上方、下方、鼻侧象限RNFL厚度与正常组相比变薄且有显著性差异(P<0.05),颞侧象限亦变薄但无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:近视眼上方、下方、鼻侧象限及平均RNFL厚度变薄,鼻侧RNFL厚度差异明显,且具有显著性差异。     

早期帕金森病患者视网膜神经纤维层厚度变化与视野平均缺损的关系

目的 观察早期帕金森病(PD)患者视网膜神经纤维层(RNFL)厚度的变化及其与视野平均缺损深度(MD)的关系.方法 采用光相干断层扫描(OCT)对临床确诊为早期PD的15例患者15只眼和18名健康人18只眼进行检查.选择内注视方式,以视盘中心为圆心、直径为3.46 mm的环形扫描.扫描分为上方、下方、颞侧、鼻侧、颞上、颞下、鼻上、鼻下8个象限进行,对比分析两组受检者8个象限的RNFL厚度及平均RNFL厚度.采用Humphrey-750全自动视野计对早期PD患者进行中心30-2视野检测,记录MD值,并用直线相关和回归法分析早期PD患者平均RNFL厚度与MD的关系.结果 正常对照组上方、下方、颞侧、鼻侧、颞上、颞下、鼻上、鼻下RNFL厚度和平均RNFL厚度分别为(132.7±17.4)、(141.5±15.3)、(83.7±22.3)、(83.2±17.5)、(120.8±21.2)、(117.9±24.5)、(109.6±20.6)、(110.2±27.7)、(109.9±8.5)μm,早期PD患者上方、下方、颞侧、鼻侧、颞上、颞下、鼻上、鼻下RNFL厚度和平均RNFL厚度分别为(128.1±25.3)、(128.6±13.2)、(68.7±13.5)、(76.5±17.8)、(102.6±23.7)、(103.3±14.1)、(101.2±20.9)、(96.6±15.0)、(102.3±11.9)μm.2组比较,下方、颞侧、颞上、颞下RNFL厚度和平均RNFL厚度差异有统计学意义(t=2.595,2.700,2.330,2.153,2.131;P=0.014,0.011,0.026,0.040,0.041).早期PD患者平均RNFL厚度与MD呈负相关(t=-0.933,P<0.0001).结论 早期PD患者上方、下方、颞侧、鼻侧、颢上、颞下、鼻上、鼻下RNFL厚度较正常者明显变薄;早期PD患者的RNFL厚度与MD值呈负相关.     

单眼屈光参差性弱视眼视网膜神经纤维层厚度分析

目的:比较单眼屈光参差性弱视患者弱视眼和非弱视眼视盘周围视网膜神经纤维层(retinal nerve fiber layer,RNFL)的厚度。方法:选择38例不伴有斜视的单眼屈光差性弱视患者,应用光学相干断层成像技术(OCT)测量其弱视眼和非弱视眼的视盘周围RNFL平均厚度。结果:弱视患者38例的平均年龄为10.73岁,弱视眼RNFL平均厚度为106.38±12.05μm,下方象限RNFL(I):133.67±19.44μm最厚,其次为上方象限(S):123.31±13.95μm,鼻侧象限(N):89.96±17.71μm,颞侧象限(T):70.06±10.18μm最薄;单眼屈光参差性弱视中,弱视眼的RNFL平均厚度和鼻侧象限RNFL厚度较对侧非弱视眼厚,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.016;P=0.01)。结论:单眼屈光参差性弱视患者弱视眼的RNFL厚度较非弱视眼厚,以鼻侧象限RNFL厚度和RNFL平均厚度的差异最为显著。     

原发性青光眼视网膜神经纤维层厚度和视盘周围血管密度分析

目的探讨原发性闭角型青光眼(PACG)和原发性开角型青光眼(POAG)患者视网膜神经纤维层(retinal nerve fiber layer,RNFL)厚度、视盘周围血管密度(circumpapillary vascular density,cpVD)及视野平均敏感度(mean sensitivity,MS)之间的关系,以了解两种疾病本质是否有差异。方法选取2016年7月至2018年7月本院就诊的POAG患者120例(120眼)及与POAG患者年龄、视野平均缺损(mean deviation,MD)相匹配的120例(120眼)PACG患者临床资料进行回顾性分析。采用光学相干断层扫描血管成像(OCTA)检测平均RNFL厚度、cpVD及不同方向[上方颞侧(superotemporal,ST)、上方鼻侧(superonasal,SN)、鼻上(nasoupper,NU)、鼻下(nasolower,NL)、下方鼻侧(inferonasal,IN)、下方颞侧(inferotemoporal,IT)、颞下(temporolower,TL)、颞上(temporoupper,TU)] RNFL厚度,采...     

视网膜光凝对糖尿病视网膜病变患者神经纤维层厚度的影响

目的：探讨分析糖尿病视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy,DR)患者全视网膜激光光凝术(panretinal photocoagulation,PRP)治疗后1a视网膜神经纤维层(retinal nerve fiber layer,RNFL)厚度的变化。

方法：选取2014-05/2017-06在我院行PRP治疗的92例92眼DR患者,采用OCT的DISC CIRCLE程序,测量分析以视盘为中心、直径3.45mm范围DR患者PRP术前和术后1a(采用Follow-Up程序自动追踪模式)视盘周围RNFL厚度,按视盘上方(S)、下方(I)、鼻侧(N)、颞侧(T)4个象限分区所得的数值进行统计分析。

结果：DR患者PRP术后1a较术前视盘周围上方、下方、鼻侧、颞侧和全周平均RNFL厚度明显变薄,且差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。

结论：PRP治疗可导致视网膜RNFL变薄,临床上应充分重视和考虑RNFL的损伤,更好地保护视网膜神经细胞的机能对DR治疗具有重要意义。     

原发性急性闭角型青光眼发作后RNFL的变化

目的:观察原发性急性闭角型青光眼(primary acute angle-closure glaucoma,PAACG)发作缓解后视网膜神经纤维层(retinal nerve fiber layer,RNFL)厚度的变化规律。方法:PAACG发作患者36例在治疗缓解后2,4,8,12wk测量平均RNFL厚度和上方、颞侧、下方、鼻侧RNFL厚度,分别与对照眼比较并分析发作眼RNFL厚度随时间的变化。结果:RNFL厚度在2wk和4wk时,发作眼和对侧眼比较差异无显著性;发作眼重复测量分析结果表明,伴随访时间的延长发作眼各个象限的RNFL厚度逐渐变薄,其中2wk与4,8,12wk比较均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。其余各时间之间差别无显著性意义。结论:PAACG单次发作缓解后对RNFL造成损害,这种损害主要发生于下方,在眼压缓解后8wk内仍继续进展。     

帕金森患者视网膜神经纤维层与神经节细胞复合体的改变

目的：观察帕金森患者视网膜神经纤维层厚度(peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness,pRNFL)及黄斑区神经节细胞复合体( ganglion cell colplex,GCC)厚度的变化特点。
　　方法：选取2014-07/2015-05北京天坛医院收治的原发性帕金森病( Parkinson’s disease,PD)患者40例80眼,正常对照组30例60眼,使用频域相干光学断层扫描( optic coherence tolography,OCT)对所有受试者进行检查,分别测量眼底pRNFL和GCC厚度。用独立样本t检验比较帕金森组与正常对照组之间各个象限pRNFL厚度的差异,并分析帕金森组的 pRNFL 厚度与 GCC 厚度(包括 Avg、Sup和Inf厚度)的相关性。
　　结果：帕金森组与正常对照组比较, pRNFL 的上方颞侧(ST)、上方鼻侧(SN)、下方鼻侧(IN)、颞侧上方(TU)、下方颞侧( IT )、颞侧下方( TL )象限、pRNFL 上方厚度( Sup)、下方厚度( Inf)和平均厚度( Avg)均具有统计学差异( P<0.05);帕金森组GCC厚度与正常对照组相比,平均厚度、上方和下方厚度均具有统计学差异(P<0.05);并与pRNFL均呈明显正相关(平均：r=0.743, P=0.01;上方：r=0.689,P=0.01;下方：r=0.693,P=0.01)。
　　结论：帕金森患者pRNFL厚度及GCC厚度均较正常人群明显变薄,两者呈正相关。     

全视网膜光凝术对重度NPDR与早期PDR患者视盘周围视网膜RNFL厚度的影响

目的：研究全视网膜光凝术( PRP)对重度非增生性糖尿病视网膜病变( non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy,NPDR)与早期增生性糖尿病视网膜病变( proliferative diabetic retinopathy,PDR )患者的视盘周围视网膜神经纤维层( retinal nerve fiber layer,RNFL)厚度影响。方法：选取我院2014-01/2015-12门诊部确诊为糖尿病眼病患者56例,根据实际病情分为早期 PDR 组和重度NPDR组,两组均给予PRP。结果：重度NPDR组术前上方为114.26±18.26μm,明显高于术后的105.55±11.73μm,差异有统计学意义( t=2.085,P=0.042);术前下方为118.85±20.16μm,明显高于术后的107.37±16.38μm,差异有统计学意义( t=2.296,P=0.026);术前鼻侧、颞侧略高于术后,但差异均无统计学意义( P>0.05);术后平均厚度为90.16±14.81μm,明显低于术前(99.85±17.28μm),差异有统计学意义(t=2.212,P=0.031);早期PDR组术后上方、下方均明显低于术前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);术后鼻侧、颞侧均略低于术前,两组差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后平均厚度为87.58±16.08μm,明显低于术前(97.17±13.46μm),差异有统计学意义(t=2.463,P=0.017);重度NPDR组术后6 mo的上方、下方、颞侧与平均厚度与早期PDR组差异均无统计学意义( P>0.05);重度NPDR组术后6mo鼻侧为66.29±9.36μm,明显高于早期PDR 组(59.88±11.71μm),差异有统计学意义(t=2.252,P=0.028)。结论：PRP对视网膜上下象限厚度及平均厚度影响较为显著,导致视网膜RNFL变薄,临床应注意PRP对视网膜神经细胞的损伤。     

视网膜神经纤维层厚度与糖尿病视网膜病变程度的相关性研究

目的通过光学相干断层扫描(optical coherence tomography,OCT)仪观察具有不同视网膜病变程度的2型糖尿病患者及正常人视网膜神经纤维层(retinal nerve fiber layer,RNFL)厚度,探讨RNFL厚度与糖尿病视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy,DR)的程度是否有相关性。方法正常对照组50人89眼,2型糖尿病患者75例130眼,按DR国际临床分型标准分为无糖尿病视网膜病变(non-diabetic retinopathy,NDR)组37例70眼、非增生性糖尿病视网膜病变(non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy,NPDR)组21例33眼、增生性糖尿病视网膜病变(proliferative diabetic retinopathy,PDR)组17例27眼,所有患者均行眼科常规检查和OCT检查;OCT测量数据包括:视盘周围360°平均及上方、下方、鼻侧和颞侧平均RNFL厚度。结果正常对照组RNFL厚度视盘360°平均为(106.80±9.28)μm、上方(130.24±16.13)μm、下方(137.50±14.12)μm、鼻侧(75.02±8.90)μm、颞侧(84.20±12.39)μm;NDR组RNFL厚度360°平均为(104.20±7.12)μm、上方(120.46±20.40)μm、下方(137.63±11.18)μm、鼻侧(74.42±6.50)μm、颞侧(84.38±12.58)μm;NPDR组RNFL厚度360°平均为(86.67±4.22)μm、上方(105.97±7.22)μm、下方(114.97±5.29)μm、鼻侧(52.93±7.86)μm、颞侧(72.81±6.91)μm;PDR组RNFL厚度360°平均为(127.92±6.44)μm、上方(154.48±9.28)μm、下方(167.22±9.59)μm、鼻侧(83.33±9.83)μm、颞侧(106.63±10.40)μm。与正常对照组相比,NPDR、PDR组各方位RNFL厚度差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05),NPDR组变薄而PDR组变厚;NDR组与正常对照组比较,只有360°平均及上方有统计学意义(均为P<0.05);NDR、NPDR、PDR三组间两两比较,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。结论糖尿病患者RNFL厚度的变化与DR的程度具有相关性,NDR及NPDR患者RNFL厚度变薄提示眼底开始出现神经节细胞凋亡的可能,当RNFL厚度由薄转为增厚则提示出病变的进行性加重,对临床早期诊断及治疗具有指导意义。     

近视眼神经纤维层光学相干断层扫描检测的临床研究

目的研究人视网膜神经纤维层厚度随近视眼屈光度加深而变化的特点及临床意义。方法将近视眼108例(197眼)和正常对照者42例(60眼)分为低度近视组、中度近视组、高度近视组和正常对照组,应用光学相干断层扫描仪进行以视盘为中心,直径3.46mm圆周的视网膜神经纤维层(retinal nerve fiberlayer,RNFL)厚度测量,计算各组平均RNFL厚度及鼻、颞、上、下4个象限的RNFL厚度,各近视组分别与正常组对比,并进行统计学分析。结果低度、中度近视患者平均RNFL分别为(119.33±37.23)μm、(117.84±36.57)μm,已变薄但与正常人(123.74±35.68)μm无显著差异(P>0.05);高度近视平均神经纤维层厚度为(112.89±37.09)μm明显变薄,与正常人相比有显著性(P<0.01)。近视眼各象限RNFL最早变薄的是鼻侧,低度近视即与正常人有显著性差异(P<0.01)。高度近视眼鼻、下、上方RNFL均明显变薄(P<0.01),而颞侧RNFL反而增厚,与正常人相比差异具有显著性(P<0.01)。结论近视眼中平均RNFL厚度变薄,随着近视度数的加深,近视眼RNFL厚度变薄越来越明显。分区分析上、下、鼻侧变化与平均相一致,而颞侧增厚,这可能是近视眼RNFL的特点。这些特点对临床疾病的诊断具指导意义。     

Strabisme Alternant - Etude clinique - traitement

The author defines motor and sensory alternation: the term alternation should not be used in isolation, it should always be accompanied by the name of the parameter concerned. Sensory alternation is always found together with motor alternation but the reverse is not true.The examining criteria for a diagnosis of sensory alternation are given, sensory alternation must not be confused with alternating inhibition. Working from clinical observations of cases of motor alternating strabismus, the author selects 2 types of binocular sensory relations which allow one to differentiate between:- cases of primary alternating strabismus- cases of secondary alternating strabismusThese forms will develop in different ways; in both cases a cure is possible providing that the right treatment is prescribed and once prescribed carefully followed, etc. It is always a case of serious forms of strabismus whose developmental period is spread over several years.According to the authors, the frequency of cases of true primary strabismus is from 1–3%, the frequency of cases of secondary alternating strabismus varies according to the type of therapy practised on cases of monocular strabismus with amblyopia. These latter will become cases of alternating strabismus under the influence of certain types of therapy carried out over several years (penalization, rocking, alternated occlusion, etc...).Experimental data on kittens confirm clinical data; kittens placed in abnormal environments during the sensitive period will show modification in the distribution of cortical cells and the absence of binocular cells (either because the excitation of the two eyes was not simultaneous, or not identical: artificial strabismus, occlusion, opaque glasses). This disturbances become irreversible after a certain period of exposure (a function of age, length of exposure, etc...).It is thus necessary to bear in mind: 1) the iatrogenic risks of certain orthoptic treatments, 2) the necessity for a binocular form of treatment as soon as possible, as once a certain stage is passed, cortical plasticity diminishes and the elaboration of normal binocular relations becomes impossible.

---

     

Effects of Adenosine Agonists on Intraocular Pressure and Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Cynomolgus Monkeys

The effects of single or multiple topical doses of the relatively selective A₁adenosine receptor agonists (R)-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) and N⁶-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) on intraocular pressure (IOP), aqueous humor flow (AHF) and outflow facility were investigated in ocular normotensive cynomolgus monkeys. IOP and AHF were determined, under ketamine anesthesia, by Goldmann applanation tonometry and fluorophotometry, respectively. Total outflow facility was determined by anterior chamber perfusion under pentobarbital anesthesia. A single unilateral topical application of R-PIA (20–250 μg) or CHA (20–500 μg) produced ocular hypertension (maximum rise=4.9 or 3.5 mmHg) within 30 min, followed by ocular hypotension (maximum fall=2.1 or 3.6 mmHg) from 2–6 hr. The relatively selective adenosine A₂antagonist 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX, 320 μg) inhibited the early hypertension, without influencing the hypotension. Neither 100 μg R-PIA nor 500 μg CHA clearly altered AHF. Total outflow facility was increased by 71% 3 hr after 100 μg R-PIA. In conclusion, the early ocular hypertension produced by topical adenosine agonists in cynomolgus monkeys is associated with the activation of adenosine A₂receptors, while the subsequent hypotension appears to be mediated by adenosine A₁receptors and results primarily from increased outflow facility.