中老年高血压急症患者应用乌拉地尔和尼卡地平的疗效比较

目的比较乌拉地尔与尼卡地平在中老年急性高血压患者中的疗效。方法选取2013年12月~2014年12月在新疆医科大学第五附属医院急诊治疗的急性高血压患者100例,其中男性54例,女性46例。中年患者随机分为A组(n=25)和B组(n=25),老年患者随机分为C组(n=25)和D组(n=25)。所有入选者依据病情给予基础治疗,在此基础上,A组和C组患者静脉推注乌拉地尔,B组和D组患者给予尼卡地平。检测治疗后动态血压、脉压指数、心率和24 h收缩压平滑指数及24 h舒张压平滑指数,检测治疗前后去甲肾上腺素(NA)、肾上腺素(Adr)、脑钠肽(BNP)和血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)。记录症状缓解时间。结果与A组比较,B组收缩压、舒张压、动态血压、脉压指数、24 h舒张压平滑指数和心率均下降,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。与D组比较,C组血压各项指标均改善,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。A组和C组患者治疗后NA和Adr水平基本无明显波动,差异无统计学意义(P均0.05);与本组治疗前比较,B组和D组患者治疗后血清NA含量和Adr水平均升高,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。比较四组各时间点BNP和Ang II发现,应用尼卡地平和乌拉地尔后,BNP和Ang II的浓度均明显下降,其中老年患者应用乌拉地尔下降更明显,中年患者应用尼卡地平则改善更明显,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。比较四组高血压症状的缓解时间发现,应用尼卡地平和乌拉地尔治疗后,四组高血压症状均缓解,在老年患者中乌拉地尔缓解时间更短,效果更佳;在中年患者中尼卡地平效果更佳。结论老年急性高血压患者应用乌拉地尔血压改善更明显,而中年患者应用尼卡地平血压改善更明显。     

乌拉地尔治疗颈椎前路手术中交感性心血管反应的临床观察

目的以血压(SBP)和心率(HR)为指标,观察乌拉地尔(国产利喜定)和尼卡地平(国产佩尔地平)治疗颈椎前路手术中交感性心血管反应的效果.方法选择择期行颈椎前路手术、ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级患者120例,随机平均分为3组乌拉地尔组(URA组)和尼卡地平组(NIC组)分别于手术牵拉交感神经血压升高、心率增快时给予乌拉地尔0.5mg/kg和尼卡地平5μg/kg;对照组(COM组)于手术同一时间则仅用异氟醚适当加深麻醉.分别记录和比较手术牵拉交感神经前、用药后5min、10min时的心率和心血压.结果在手术中牵拉感神经时乌拉地尔组给药后血压和心率均没有明显的变化,尼卡地平组给药后血压虽无明显的变化,但心率却显著升高,而对照组在牵拉交感神经时虽经加深麻醉,但血压和心率都有明显的升高.结论乌拉地尔与尼卡地平比较,能够有效治疗颈椎前路手术中患者交感性心血管反应.     

乌拉地尔和尼卡地平对老年高血压急症的疗效及安全性比较

目的探讨乌拉地尔和尼卡地平治疗老年高血压急症的疗效和不良反应。方法老年高血压急症患者39例,随机分为乌拉地尔组22例和尼卡地平组17例,分别给予乌拉地尔和尼卡地平降压,记录2组治疗前及治疗后5、10、15、20、25、30、60min、2h及离院时收缩压、舒张压、平均动脉压(MAP)和心率及不良反应。结果 2组治疗前后收缩压、舒张压、MAP和心率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);2组治疗前后不同时间点收缩压与治疗前收缩压差值比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);2组治疗后2h舒张压和MAP与治疗前差值比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01),乌拉地尔组下降更加明显(P<0.01)。结论乌拉地尔和尼卡地平对老年高血压急症症状的缓解及对收缩压降压效果相当;乌拉地尔起效更快且有进一步使舒张压和MAP降低的趋势;2组均可使心率下降,尼卡地平治疗早期患者心率可一过性上升,但并不显著增加心率;2种药物安全性均较好。     

乌拉地尔和尼卡地平静脉用药对老年高血压急症患者儿茶酚胺的影响

目的:比较乌拉地尔和尼卡地平治疗老年高血压急症,对患者心率和儿茶酚胺的影响。方法:老年高血压急症患者39例,随机分为A组(乌拉地尔组)22例和B组(尼卡地平组)17例,分别给予乌拉地尔和尼卡地平降压。记录两组患者治疗前﹑治疗60min时﹑离院前的血压、心率水平,并检测患者血中去甲肾上腺素(NE)和肾上腺素(E)的浓度。结果:两组患者降压效果差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组治疗后同一时间点HR组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。A组治疗后与治疗前HR比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。B组治疗1h内与治疗前HR比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),离院前差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组在治疗前﹑治疗60min时﹑离院前的血NE和E的组间比较及组内前后比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:以较规范的方法治疗老年高血压急症,乌拉地尔和尼卡地平均可取得满意效果。乌拉地尔在降压全程使心率显著下降,尼卡地平在降压的同时并不显著增加心率,降压一段时间后也可使心率下降。两者均未引起患者血浆儿茶酚胺升高。     

乌拉地尔与尼卡地平治疗老年高血压急症的临床疗效

目的探讨乌拉地尔与尼卡地平治疗老年高血压急症的临床疗效和不良反应发生情况。方法选取2013年4月—2016年4月在我院接受治疗的老年高血压急症病人80例,采用随机数字表法分为乌拉地尔组和尼卡地平组,各40例。乌拉地尔组给予乌拉地尔治疗,尼卡地平组给予尼卡地平治疗,观察比较两组病人治疗前后收缩压、舒张压及心率变化情况,治疗后病人各临床症状缓解时间及不良反应发生率。结果两组病人治疗前心率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,乌拉地尔组病人心率随着治疗时间延长逐渐下降,未再次上升,而尼卡地平组病人心率也随治疗时间逐渐下降,治疗15min后心率再次上升,到25min后再次下降,但两组病人治疗后心率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组病人舒张压及收缩压随治疗时间延长而下降,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);两组病人头晕、心悸、胸闷、胸痛、恶心及呼吸困难症状得到有效改善,各症状改善时间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);两组病人治疗后均未出现严重不良反应。结论两种药物对老年高血压急症的各症状缓解及降压效果较显著,乌拉地尔能进一步降低病人舒张压,两种药物均安全有效。     

乌拉地尔、尼卡地平静脉用药对老年高血压急症患者儿茶酚胺的影响对比

目的：：比较乌拉地尔与尼卡地平对老年高血压急症患者儿茶酚胺与心率的影响。方法：将我院2011年9月~2013年9月收治的120例老年急症高血压患者随机分作A组与B组,每组各60例, A组给予乌拉地尔治疗, B组给予尼卡地平治疗。记录与比较两组患者治疗前、治疗1h时以及出院前的心率与血压值,同时检测两组患者肾上腺素与去甲肾上腺素的浓度。结果： A组与B组降压效果无统计学差异,两组治疗后各时间点的HR相比,无统计学差异( P>0．05), A组治疗后的心率较治疗前明显减小(P<0．05), B组治疗1h时的HR同治疗前相比,未见统计学差异(P>0．05),同出院前相比,具统计学差异(P<0．05);组间与组内治疗前、治疗1h以及出院前血清肾上腺素与去甲肾上腺素水平基本无变化,未见统计学差异(P>0．05)。结论：乌拉地尔与尼卡地平治疗老年高血压急症均可有效、快速、平稳地降低血压,短期内不会引起儿茶酚胺上升。     

右美托咪定在老年高血压患者气管插管全身麻醉中的应用效果观察

目的观察右美托咪定在老年高血压患者气管插管全身麻醉中的应用效果。方法选取2012年1月—2015年1月在北京积水潭医院行气管插管全身麻醉的老年高血压患者96例,采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,各48例。观察组患者自麻醉诱导前10 min开始持续静脉泵入右美托咪定至手术完成前30 min,对照组患者自麻醉诱导前10 min开始持续静脉泵入0.9%氯化钠溶液至手术完成前30 min。比较两组患者手术时间、麻醉时间、拔管时间和苏醒时间;比较两组患者入室前、插管前1 min、插管即刻、插管后2 min、拔管前1 min和拔管后2 min血压、心率;比较两组患者插管前1 min、插管即刻、插管后2 min、拔管前1 min和拔管后2 min Ramsay镇静评分;比较两组患者不良反应发生情况。结果两组患者手术时间、麻醉时间、拔管时间和苏醒时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者入室前和插管前1 min收缩压、舒张压、心率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组患者插管即刻、插管后2 min、拔管前1 min和拔管后2 min收缩压、舒张压、心率低于对照组(P0.05);观察组患者插管前1 min、插管即刻、插管后2 min、拔管前1 min和拔管后2 min Ramsay镇静评分均高于对照组(P0.05);两组患者寒战、苏醒延迟、口干、心动过缓及低血压发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论右美托咪定可减少老年高血压患者气管插管全身麻醉过程中血压、心率波动,有利于保持血流动力学稳定,镇静效果良好,且麻醉安全性较高。     

曲马多对全身麻醉后寒战的干预治疗效果观察

目的探讨曲马多对全身麻醉后寒战的预防及治疗作用。方法将120例全身麻醉下行腹部手术的患者随机分为A、B、C组和对照组各30例。A组气管插管拔管前30min静注曲马多1mg/kg;B组拔管后静注曲马多0.5mg/kg,间隔10min后再次静注0.5mg/kg;C组拔管后单次静注曲马多1mg/kg;对照组拔管前30min单纯静注生理盐水,量同A组。记录麻醉后2h寒战发生情况。结果 A、B、C组寒战发生率明显低于对照组;A、B组明显低于C组（P均〈0.05）。结论曲马多预防麻醉后寒战安全有效;麻醉结束前预注或者术后小剂量分次静注效果更好。     

不同剂量舒芬太尼在老年LC患者全麻气管插管中的麻醉效果

目的 探讨不同剂量舒芬太尼在老年腹腔镜下胆囊切除术(LC)患者全麻气管插管中的麻醉效果。方法 回顾性研究LC患者80例作为研究对象，在麻醉诱导中，采用0.4μg/(kg·h)舒芬太尼的患者21例为A组；采用0.5μg/(kg·h)舒芬太尼的患者25例为B组；采用0.6μg/(kg·h)舒芬太尼的患者34例为C组，比较3组应激反应、血流动力学、麻醉后恢复情况及并发症差异。结果 麻醉诱导前，3组肾上腺素(AD)、去甲肾上腺素(NA)水平、心率、平均动脉压、脑电双频指数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在气管插管后1 min及气管插管后3 min, A组AD及NA水平显著高于其他两组(P<0.05),C组心率、平均动脉压及脑电双频指数均显著低于麻醉诱导前及A组和B组(P<0.05),B组气管插管后1 min及气管插管后3 min心率、平均动脉压及脑电双频指数变化值显著低于A组(P<0.05),C组自主呼吸恢复时间、拔管时间及呼吸睁眼时间显著长于其他两组(P<0.05),C组躁动、恶心、呕吐发生率显著高于其他两组(P<0.05)。结论 在老年LC患者全麻气管...     

乌拉地尔和硝酸甘油治疗老年女性非瓣膜性心力衰竭患者的疗效观察

目的探讨α1受体阻滞剂乌拉地尔与其他传统治疗方法对比,是否可以获得额外临床收益。方法选择老年女性患者46例,随机分为乌拉地尔组24例,乌拉地尔50³00μg/min,硝酸甘油组22例,硝酸甘油5300μg/min,硝酸甘油组22例,硝酸甘油5²0μg/min,总给药时间4820μg/min,总给药时间48¹40h,根据血压及心功能状况调整药物浓度。在治疗前及治疗后1、2、3、7d观察血压、心率、代谢指标变化情况。结果乌拉地尔组治疗后7d收缩压控制明显优于硝酸甘油组[(108.12±6.54)mm Hg vs(116.36±11.09)mm Hg,1mm Hg=0.133kPa,P<0.05],N末端钠尿肽前体水平较硝酸甘油组明显下降[(2378.42±956.12)ng/L vs(4546.14±457.73)ng/L,P<0.01]。结论在老年女性患者中,乌拉地尔较硝酸甘油在降低和稳定收缩压方面有更好的疗效。并且在减轻心脏后负荷及改善心功能方面都优于硝酸甘油。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Study of constancy of hydrogen-consuming flora of human colon

The constancy of the hydrogen consuming flora of the human colon was studied in 15 healthy subjects via two measurements obtained 18 to 36 months apart. Hydrogen disappearance rate and the major products of H₂-consuming bacteria, methane and sulfide, were measured during incubation of fecal homogenates with excess hydrogen and sulfate. In 11/15, the hydrogen consumption rate and the predominant hydrogen-consuming pathway (methanogenesis, sulfate reduction, or neither) remained constant. However, major shifts in these pathways were observed in four subjects, with two losing and two gaining the ability to produce methane. Methanogenesis was associated with the highest hydrogen consumption rate. This study demonstrates that clinically unrecognizable, major alterations of the colonic flora occur in healthy subjects. Understanding of the factors responsible for these alterations might allow for therapeutic manipulation of the colonic flora.Supported in part by the Department of Veterans Affairs and NIDDKD RO1 DK 13309-25.