Study of HIV/AIDS-related knowledge among junior high-school students in Shanghai, China

The aim of this study was to assess the HIV/AIDS-related knowledge among junior high-school students in Shanghai, China, and the factors influencing this knowledge. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 20 middle schools of two districts by a cluster-stratified selection procedure in Shanghai, China. The 2432 sampled students, aged from 11.1 to 16.7 years, completed a self-administered questionnaire of HIV/AIDS prevention. The results showed that the overall correct rate of HIV/AIDS-related knowledge was 62%. Using multivariable logistic regression analysis, we found that the main factors influencing HIV/AIDS-related knowledge among junior high school students were the type of school (odds ratio [OR] = 1.641), age (OR = 1.727), whether the student was a single child in the family (OR = 1.389), whether the student had previous HIV/AIDS-related education experience (OR = 2.003) and whether the student had ever discussed HIV/AIDS with their parents (OR = 1.282). The results indicate that HIV/AIDS-related knowledge among Shanghai junior high school students is not high enough, and more attention needs to be paid to enhance HIV/AIDS-related knowledge, especially among younger students from common type schools without HIV/AIDS-related education experience. We encourage Chinese parents to get involved in their children's HIV/AIDS prevention education.     

A controlled-study of preventive effects of peer education and single-session lectures on HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitudes among university students in Turkey.

The goal of this study was to assess the impact of peer education and single-session educational lectures on HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitude change among university students (n = 157 male, n = 230 female; mean age = 20) on the campuses of two metropolitan state universities in Ankara, Turkey. The students were randomly selected to participate in peer education (n = 204), single-session lecture (n = 74) or wait-list control (n = 109) groups. Statistical analyses reveal significant differences in knowledge and attitudes, personal behavior, and awareness of HIV/AIDS. Both the peer education and HIV/AIDS lecture strategies were more effective in eliciting change in student's knowledge and attitudes than the control condition (p > .05). Male and female students in both experimental groups showed higher attitude scores compared with all students in the control group.     

职校学生预防艾滋病同伴教育干预的过程评价及结果分析

目的探索适应于职业技术学校(职校)学生的同伴教育模式。方法采用观察法和问卷调查的方式,对同伴教育实施过程进行评价。结果同伴教育者培训后,艾滋病知识和态度得分明显提高(P<0.01)。过程中目标人群参与率接近100%,参与者对同伴教育者教学质量评分均高于4.5分(5分制),对同伴教育方法的喜欢程度评分为4.67分。学生担任同伴教育者在现场控制、培训深度等方面还存在不足。结论同伴教育的方式适用于职校的艾滋病健康教育。     

乡镇中学生开展艾滋病性病知识同伴教育效果评估

目的探讨针对乡镇中学生采取同伴教育措施预防艾滋病的策略。方法在广东省珠江三角洲某市,随机选择2所乡镇中学,共征募并培训20名同伴教育员在校开展同伴教育工作,组织开展多种形式的艾滋病知识宣传活动。在干预前后用相同的调查表对学生进行问卷调查。结果干预前后(相隔6个月)分别调查192名和191名在校中学生,艾滋病知识总知晓率从干预前的22.92%提高到干预后的66.49%(P<0.05);最近半年有性行为的比例从干预前的18.23%下降到干预后的9.95%(P<0.05);最近一次性生活中采取安全措施的比例从干预前的52.71%增加到干预后的94.74%(P<0.05)。结论在乡镇中学生中开展同伴教育活动能显著提高中学生对艾滋病知识的知晓率,减少对艾滋病的歧视,减少危险性行为,对发挥中学生在控制艾滋病蔓延的作用具有重要作用。     

Study on peer-led school-based HIV/AIDS prevention among youths in a medium-sized city in China

HIV/AIDS epidemic is crucial in China; however, few studies were performed on youths. This study was performed to examine the effectiveness of peer-led HIV prevention intervention on HIV-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviour intention in senior high-school students in San-ming, a medium-sized city in Fujian province. Three thousand and sixty-eight students completed self-administered questionnaires before and after intervention, of which 981 students (the intervention group) accepted peer-led HIV/AIDS prevention intervention and others (the control groups) continued the usual teacher-led health education curriculum. Significant increases were observed in the intervention group in HIV-related knowledge, in attitudes and in behaviour intention after intervention. The results of this research also indicated an inconsistent level of HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitude among students, with a significant gender, health education history and style difference in session delivery. More concerted efforts in HIV prevention are needed to improve young people's sexual health.     

中国18省市城市高中生预防艾滋病知识和态度分析

目的了解中国城市高中生预防艾滋病知识、态度情况,为进一步制定高中生艾滋病预防教育提供依据。方法按照分层整群抽样方法,抽取全国18个省(自治区、直辖市,下同)的109 754名城市高中生进行《中国青少年健康危险行为》问卷调查,问卷采取无记名自填方式。结果 109 754名城市高中生中,55.3%的学生曾从学校接受过艾滋病教育,79.0%的学生"知道艾滋病病原体",68.6%的学生"不同意将感染艾滋病的同学隔离",66.0%的学生表示"会像以前那样和感染艾滋病的朋友继续来往"。各省之间艾滋病预防教育差异较大,职业高中学生在学校接受艾滋病教育和反歧视态度的报告率,均低于重点高中和普通高中的学生(P<0.01);社会经济水平好的地区反歧视态度较高(P<0.01)。结论我国学校预防艾滋病教育资源分布不均衡,北方地区学校开展预防艾滋病知识教育的覆盖率还不够,还应加强对职业高中学生艾滋病的宣传和健康教育力度。     

凉山州中学生禁毒防艾生活技能教育项目效果评价

目的提高中学生对艾滋病和毒品的防范意识和能力,实现艾滋病和毒品预防教育在中学的制度化和可持续发展。方法改编适合凉山彝族特点的学校禁毒防艾健康教育教材,培训生活技能教育教师。结果 2010年1-12月,在凉山州的17个县市的212所普通中学中,开展禁毒防艾生活技能教育课程,共10～12课时,参与学生数达132 876人。其中,118所中学的64 301名学生分别在课程前后进行了统一的问卷调查。教育后,初中生艾滋病相关知识知晓率在85%以上,高中生在90%以上,比教育前均有明显提高。对待艾滋病病毒感染者和病人的态度发生明显正向改变,相关生活技能也有显著提高。结论在中学生中开展禁毒防艾生活技能教育课是必要、可行的,建议在全国范围内广泛推广。     

Process evaluation of school-based peer education for HIV prevention among Yemeni adolescents

In 2005, a survey was conducted among all the 27 high schools of Aden, which revealed low levels of knowledge on major prevention measures, and a high level of stigma and discrimination towards people living with HIV (PLWH). The results served as a baseline for implementing a school-based peer education intervention for HIV prevention in the 27 schools of Aden. In 2008, and after 3 years of implementation, a quasi-experimental evaluation was conducted, which revealed that the peer education intervention has succeeded in improving HIV knowledge and skills; and in decreasing stigmatization of PLWH. This process evaluation aims to give a deeper understanding of the quasi-experimental evaluation which was conducted in the 27 high schools of Aden, and to highlight the factors that facilitated or inhibited school peer education in such a conservative Muslim setting. Qualitative methodologies were pursued, where 12 focus group discussions and 12 in-depth interviews were conducted with peer educators, targeted students, school principals, social workers, and parents of peer educators. Results revealed that school-peer education was well received. There was an apparent positive effect on the life skills of peer educators, but the intervention had a lesser effect on targeted students. Key enabling factors have been the high quality of training for peer educators, supportive school principals, and acceptance of the intervention by parents. These findings are important for improving the life skills and peer education intervention at the school level, and in better planning and implementation of life skills and peer programmes at a national scale.     

四川省青年学生HIV检测途径及检测意愿影响因素分析

目的 分析四川省青年学生艾滋病病毒(HIV)既往检测行为特征及检测意愿,为高校HIV检测服务开展提供依据.方法 调查四川省13所高校5 311 名青年学生既往的HIV检测行为特征和未来6个月的检测意愿,并采用无序多分类Logistic 回归分析青年学生检测意愿的影响因素.结果 有效问卷5 294份,5 294人中有43...     

对STD高危人群进行全方位干预的社会效应

目的：通过性传播疾病(STD)门诊对STD高危人群进行全方位的干预，探索推广“同伴教育”，实行“STD／网络干预”的可行性。方法：以STD高危人群为中心，运用双向咨询、规范治疗、小组讨论、健康教育等全方位的健康促进方式进行干预，培养愿意从事“同伴教育”的自愿者，试行STD／艾滋病(AIDS)网络干预。结果：(1)干预后，高危人群的STD／AIDS知识水平有很大提高，就诊态度有明显转变，与干预前比较差异有极显著的统计学意义。(2)干预后，商业性行为者的性观念较干预前的差异有极显著的统计学意义，有35．71％和41．89％的性工作者仍赞同性自由和婚前、婚外性行为，干预前后差异无显著的统计学意义；92．91％的非商业性行为者仍然赞同婚前、婚外性行为，干预前后差异无显著的统计学意义。(3)不论干预前后，大部分人在不安全性交后，首先关心自己是否患病，在患病后，首先关心的是能否治愈。(4)干预后，＞95％的调查对象愿意参加同伴教育。40名同伴教育志愿者在3个月内引来204位高危朋友，干预面是其本身的510％。结论：平等、宽松、匿名的就诊环境与有效的生物学干预，是吸引高危人群就诊的重要保证。全方位的健康促进式STD／AIDS干预，对提高STD高危人群的STD／AIDS知识水平，转变就诊态度有明显效果。由于大多数受干预者愿意参加同伴教育，使STD／AIDS网络干预计划得以实施，并取得了初步成效。因此，在SET门诊进行STD／AIDS全方位干预，推广“同伴教育”实行“网络干预”是可行的。     

The effects of a social-cognitive method based education on knowledge and attitudes intentions with respect to HIV transmission among students in Maragheh,Iran

Objective

To evaluate a social-cognitive method based HIV/AIDS prevention education among students in high schools of a small city in Maragheh, Iran.

Methods

The study was based on a pre-post-quasi experimental design; pre-experimental questionnaires were administered among a total of 369 students chosen from 10 different high schools. We used a validated, self-administered questionnaire as the research instrument. The questionnaires examined validly and reliably with Cronbach''s alpha test (83%). Students were randomly divided to the general physician intervention group and the specialist intervention group for gaining the social-cognitive method based HIV/AIDS prevention education. After two months, the post-experimental questionnaires were administered among the same students.

Results

The mean score of educational pre-experimental questionnaires was 10.127 4, and the mean score of post-experimental questionnaires was 12.430 9. The difference was significant (P<0.001). On the other hand, the attitude pre-experimental questionnaires mean score was 50.804 3, and the post-experimental questionnaires mean score was 51.744 6, the difference regarded to attitude was not significant (P>0.055).

Conclusions

Although the social-cognitive method based education was not associated with a change in students'' attitude about HIV/AIDS prevention, but was associated with higher knowledge in this regard. Peer group education, condom promotion and useful and productive life skills taught by trained experts are needed to educate the high school students regarding the health consequences of HIV/AIDS for having a significant effect on their attitude.     

甘肃省高校大学生对艾滋病的认知状况调查

目的了解甘肃省兰州市高校学生艾滋病认知状况,为制定有针对性的艾滋病健康教育和综合防治措施提供科学依据。方法采取分层随机抽样法,以匿名问卷方式对兰州市7所高校的950名大学生进行调查,实施资料干预后再对738名大学生进行调查。结果大学生对＂艾滋病是传染病＂、＂艾滋病由艾滋病病毒引起＂、＂单从一个人的外貌感观不能判断他/她是否携带艾滋病病毒＂、＂HIV感染者和艾滋病病人不是一回事＂、＂目前无预防艾滋病的疫苗＂、＂目前无治愈艾滋病的有效药物＂基本上有正确的认识,正确认识率分别为94.3%、97.3%、79.5%、79.4%、72.9%、83.2%。大学生对艾滋病三大传播途径总体认识较高,性途径、血液途径、母婴途径的认识分别为99.2%、97.6%、95.7%,但能认识到生活途径不传播艾滋病的比率仅为55.44%。不同性别、年级、专业,不同性质学校和交往过男/女朋友的学生对艾滋病基本知识的认识都存在差异。资料干预后大学生对艾滋病传播途径基本知识掌握提高不大,差异无统计学意义。大学生最希望通过讲座及和医生的交流获取知识。结论兰州市大学生对艾滋病传播途径的认识正确率较高,但对艾滋病全面知识的认识较低。目前常规宣传材料干预方法调查分析显示其效果较差,有必要对大学生通过其他方式进行宣传教育,使其更加全面、深入地了解艾滋病。     

对中学生开展艾滋病宣传的效果调查

1998年12月对南京市7所中学高一、高二的学生,进行了以散发小册子为主的艾滋病宣传活动,同时对这种宜传效果进行了随机问卷调查.共调查1322人.男生占53%,女生占47%,接受宣传后平均得分76.47分,男生略高于女生.结果显示调查对象对艾滋病等一般知识掌握较好.约有1/3的学生对艾滋病传播途径以及如何预防存在认识上的误区.单纯向学生散发宣传材料,对传播知识有一定效果,但教育深度不够.今后应研究适合中学生的教育内容、教材与方式,加强有针对性的宣传和开展多种形式的教育.多数学生(95.6%)对学校开展艾滋病预防教育持欢迎态度.     

HIV/AIDS stigma and knowledge among predominantly middle-class high school students in New Delhi, India

This study examined stigmatizing attitudes toward HIV/AIDS among predominantly middle-class adolescents in New Delhi high schools. This study was specifically designed to: 1) assess stigmatizing attitudes toward HIV/AIDS and sexuality; HIV/AIDS knowledge, and awareness of HIV-related health resources; and 2) examine whether HIV-related stigma and knowledge are related to one another and to gender, parents' education, and exposure to HIV/AIDS education. In four high schools in New Delhi, 186 students completed a questionnaire assessing stigmatization of HIV/AIDS, stigmatization of sexuality, knowledge of HIV/AIDS, HIV/AIDS education and resources, and demographic characteristics. Adolescents varied in how much they stigmatized persons with HIV/AIDS. They generally lacked accurate knowledge about the disease and of related health resources. However, those with greater exposure to HIV/AIDS education demonstrated significantly greater HIV/AIDS knowledge. Female adolescents demonstrated significantly less knowledge about HIV/AIDS compared with male adolescents, while the males reported significantly greater exposure to HIV/AIDS education compared with the females. These results suggest a need for greater HIV/AIDS education and awareness of health resources, especially among female adolescents. Education must directly address stigmatizing attitudes about HIV/AIDS, gaps in HIV/AIDS knowledge and awareness of HIV-related health resources.     

Life skills training as HIV/AIDS preventive strategy in secondary schools: evaluation of a large-scale implementation process

A life skills and HIV/AIDS education programme was implemented in secondary schools as a strategy to combat the spread of HIV/AIDS among school-going young people in South Africa. As part of a joint effort of the Departments of Health and Education, two teachers per school were trained to implement life skills training and HIV/AIDS education in schools as part of the school curriculum. The implementation of the intervention was evaluated in 24 schools in two educational districts in Gauteng province using an action research approach. Data about the implementation were gathered through interviews and focus group discussions with school principals, teachers and learners. A repeated measurement research design was used to assess the impact of the intervention in terms of knowledge, attitudes and reported risk behaviour in a sample of 667 learners representing learners from grades 8 to 12 from different population groups. Results showed that the programme was not implemented as planned in schools due to organisational problems in the schools, lack of commitment of the teachers and the principal, non-trusting relationships between teachers and learners, lack of resources and conflicting goals in the educational system. In an outcome evaluation over the period of a year it was found that learners' knowledge of HIV/AIDS increased and their attitudes were more positive although the changes may not be attributed to the programme alone. In the post-test more learners were sexually active, although preventive behaviour did not increase. The programme as implemented in the area did not succeed in changing high-risk behaviour patterns among school-going young people. From the evaluation of the intervention a few valuable lessons were learned about the content and implementation of HIV/AIDS preventive interventions, which could be useful in the implementation of various other HIV/AIDS preventive interventions in the community.     

内蒙古不同职业流动人口艾滋病相关知识知晓状况的影响因素分析

目的了解内蒙古不同职业流动人口艾滋病相关知识知晓状况的影响因素,为开展有针对性的宣传教育工作提供依据。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法,以统一设计的"流动人口艾滋病相关知识调查表",对建筑、制造、服务三类职业的流动人口进行匿名问卷调查,调查所得资料经Excel录入后,采用SAS 9.0软件进行统计分析。统计方法采用了描述性分析、单因素χ2检验和多元非条件逐步Logistic回归分析。结果有效调查问卷共3 807份中,三类职业流动人口均以在婚、初中学历的青壮年为主;性别对建筑业(OR=0.608,95%CI:0.472～0.785),居住时间对服务业(OR=0.801,95%CI:0.723～0.887),文化程度对三类职业流动人口艾滋病相关知识知晓状况有影响。结论不同职业流动人口艾滋病相关知识知晓状况的影响因素各不相同,应大力开展适宜于各类职业流动人口的综合宣传教育。     

An evaluation of the effectiveness of a peer sexual health intervention among secondary-school students in Zambia.

This study investigated whether there were any changes in knowledge and normative beliefs regarding abstinence and condoms and personal risk perception of acquiring HIV among Zambian secondary-school students who were exposed to a peer sexual health intervention. Schools were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. A baseline assessment that measured knowledge, normative beliefs about abstinence and condoms and personal risk perception was conducted in all schools. Students in the intervention group were exposed for a 1-hour-and-45-minute-long in-class peer sexual health intervention. Students in the control schools were exposed to a 1-hour-long in-class peer water purification intervention. A follow-up assessment of students was conducted after the intervention. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine whether significant differences between intervention and control groups emerged at follow-up. Relative to students in the control group, knowledge was higher and normative beliefs about abstinence and condoms were significantly more positive among students in the intervention schools. Students in the intervention schools also had a higher personal risk perception of acquiring HIV than students in control schools. These findings show that a school-based peer sexual health intervention implemented in Zambia was effective in increasing knowledge, positive normative beliefs about abstinence and condoms, and personal risk perception.     

HIV/AIDS prevention through peer education and support in secondary schools in South Africa

The implementation and evaluation of a peer education and support programme in secondary schools to prevent and reduce high-risk sexual behaviour amongst adolescents is discussed. The aims of the programme were to provide accurate information about HIV/AIDS, discuss and reconsider peer group norms, and establish support for learners. In the programme that was implemented in 13 secondary schools in Tshwane, South Africa, peer educators were identified, trained and supported to implement the programme in their schools with the assistance of a teacher and postgraduate students as facilitators. Peer educators organised HIV awareness activities, facilitated class discussions on risk behaviour and gender relationships, and supported learners in solving personal problems. Process evaluation included weekly reports and focus group discussions with peer educators and teachers. A quasiexperimental design involving an experimental and control group, as well as pre- and post-assessments, was used to evaluate the impact of the programme on psychological well-being, personal control, school climate and reported high-risk behaviour of learners aged between 13 and 20 years. The results showed that the percentage of learners in the experimental group who were sexually experienced remained unchanged over the time period of 18 months. In contrast, a significantly increased percentage of learners in the control group were sexually experienced after the same time period. The control group also perceived more of their friends to be sexually experienced. No differences were reported in condom use in either of the groups. The findings of this study suggest that peer education can contribute to a delayed onset of sexual activity, and can therefore contribute to the prevention of HIV/AIDS amongst adolescents.     

丰台区流动人口学生家长艾滋病健康教育实践及效果评价

目的了解流动人口学生家长艾滋病相关知识,以及对艾滋病病毒（HIV）感染者和艾滋病（AIDS）病人的态度,探索和评估流动人口家庭内的艾滋病健康教育模式对家长的影响。方法选取丰台区流动人口较为集中的7所中学,通过健康教育课对初中学生开展艾滋病防控健康教育后,学生将艾滋病知识宣传资料带回家中让家长学习。采用自行设计的调查问卷,在开展艾滋病健康教育前,从每所学校初中一、二年级各随机整群抽取1～2个班级的家长进行问卷调查,第2学期再次以相同的方式进行家长调查。结果健康教育前后分别对754名和756名学生家长进行了问卷调查。干预后学生家长的艾滋病知识知晓率从52.5%提高到88.1%（χ2=228.96,P〈0.01）,对艾滋病感染者的歧视率从71.2%降低到59.5%（χ2=19.34,P〈0.01）。结论学校主导、中学生与家长学习的方式进行艾滋病健康教育具有有效性和可行性,一定程度上提高了流动人口学生家长的艾滋病知识知晓率,降低了对HIV感染者的歧视。     

Achievement of interventions on HIV infection prevention among migrants in China: A meta-analysis

In China, migrants with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have become a serious problem in the field of AIDS prevention. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of interventions for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection prevention for migrants in China and to identify factors associated with intervention efficacy. A computerized literature search of the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wan Fang, and PubMed databases was conducted to collect related articles published in China. Only self-control intervention studies or studies containing sections regarding self-control interventions wherein the method of intervention was health education were included. Rev Manager 5.3 software was used to analyze the intervention effects in terms of knowledge, attitude, and behavior indexes. Relative to pre-intervention, the HIV interventions showed statistically significant efficacy in terms of sexual transmission of HIV, condom use for HIV prevention, change in attitude towards HIV/AIDS patients, incidence of commercial sex behavior, and recent condoms use during sex (P?相似文献