The validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire

This study was undertaken to translate and adapt the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) into the Turkish language and investigate its validity and reliability for Turkish female fibromyalgia (FM) patients. After translation into Turkish, we administered the FIQ and Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) to 51 women with fibromyalgia. As well as socio-demographic characteristics, the severity of relevant clinical symptoms, e.g., pain intensity, fatigue, and sleep disturbance, were assessed by visual analog scales. A tender point score (TPS) was calculated from tender points conducted by thumb palpation. Test–retest reliability, internal consistency, and concurrent and construct validities of FIQ were evaluated. Test–retest reliability and internal consistency were good at 0.81 and 0.72, respectively. Correlation between FIQ and HAQ scores was 0.43, which was low but statistically significant. Significant moderate correlations were obtained between the FIQ items and severity of clinical symptoms (0.63–0.77), except TPS, 0.31. The FIQ is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring functional disability in Turkish female FM patients. Received: 17 February 2000 / Accepted: 3 August 2000     

The validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire

The Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQR) attempts to address the limitations of the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ). As there is no Turkish version of the FIQR available, we aimed to investigate the validity and reliability of a Turkish translation of the FIQR in Turkish female fibromyalgia (FM) patients. After translating the FIQR into Turkish, it was administered to 87 female patients with FM. All of the patients filled out the questionnaire together with a Turkish version of the FIQ, hospital anxiety and depression scales (HADS), short form-36 (SF-36). The tender-point count (TPC) was also calculated from tender points identified by thumb palpation. One week later, FM patients filled out the Turkish FIQR at their second visit. The test–retest reliability of the Turkish FIQR questions ranged from 0.714 to 0.898. The test and retest reliability of total FIQR score was 0.835. Cronbach's alpha was 0.89 for FIQR visit 1 (the first assessment) and 0.91 for FIQR visit 2 (the second assessment), indicating acceptable levels of internal consistency for both assessments. The total scores of the FIQR and FIQ were significantly correlated (r = 0.87, P < 0.01). Significant correlations for construct validity were also obtained between the FIQR total and domain scores and the FIQ, the HADS and the subscales of the SF-36 (FIQR total versus SF-36 physical component score and mental component score were r = −0.63, P < 0.01 and r = −0.51, P < 0.01, respectively). The Turkish FIQR is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring health status in FM, showing sufficient reliability and construct validity. It may be utilized for both clinical practice and research use in the Turkish-speaking population in place of FIQ, since its Turkish version has problems in the wording, omissions, concepts, and scoring from the original FIQ.     

The Turkish version of the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index: reliability and validity

The purpose of this study was to investigate the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) Functional Index (BASFI). The Turkish version of the BASFI was obtained after a process of translation and back-translation. Eighty-one consecutive patients meeting the 1984 New York criteria for AS were enrolled. Patients were evaluated and requested to complete the questionnaire at days 1 and 2 and on a third occasion between days 15–90. Reliability, reproducibility, validity and sensitivity to change of the Turkish version of the index were assessed. Each score correlated closely with the index score, with coefficients between 0.727 and 0.844. Reliability analysis showed a Cronbachs alpha score of 0.926. Correlations were found between all items of the BASFI and Schobers test (r=–0.258 to –0.531, p<0.001–0.05), occiput-to-wall distance (r=0.284 and 0.589, p<0.001–0.05), and finger-to-floor distance (r=0.334 to 0.613, p<0.001–0.01). The total index score was correlated with the number of nocturnal awakenings (r=0.515, p<0.001), Schobers test (r=–0.444, p<0.001), finger-to-floor distance (r=0.567, p<0.001), occiput-to-wall distance (r=0.535, p<0.001), chest expansion (r=–0.403, p<0.001), and the Dougados articular index (r=0.371, p<0.01). A good correlation was found between day 0 and 1 BASFI indices (r=0.765–0.917, p<0.001), showing good reproducibility of the index. The Turkish version of the BASFI showed reliability, reproducibility, and validity, confirming its utility in the research of AS in Turkey. However, sensitivity to changes due to drug therapy and/or rehabilitation remains to be determined.     

The reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index

To adapt the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff (WORC) index for use in Turkey and to investigate its reliability and validity; the Turkish version of the WORC was developed according to the guidelines in the literature. Seventy-two patients with rotator cuff disease were administered the questionnaire and were also evaluated by using the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) shoulder rating scale, Constant score, and Short Form (SF)-36 to test validity. The WORC questionnaire was repeated in 35 patients after a mean interval of 2.9 days (range 2–7 days) to evaluate test–retest reliability. Cronbach’s alpha was calculated as 0.92 for the total questionnaire. The intraclass correlation coefficients were very high and ranged between 0.96 and 0.98 for each section. There was a significant negative correlation between the Turkish version of WORC and UCLA (r = −0.598, P < 0.01), Constant score (r = −0.630, P < 0.01), and all subscales of SF-36 (P < 0.01). The Turkish version of the WORC index is a reliable and valid instrument for use in clinical trials in patients with rotator cuff disorders.     

The Turkish versions of the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis and Dougados Functional Indices: reliability and validity

Objective The aim of this study was to develop a Turkish version of the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) and Dougados Functional Index (DFI) and assess their reliability, validity, and sensitivity to change.Methods The Turkish versions of the BASFI and DFI were obtained after a translation and back-translation process. Seventy-one patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) were included in the study. For investigation of the reliability of the BASFI and DFI, 36 of the patients recompleted both indices on the following day. To assess validity, the patients were evaluated with the Bath AS Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Bath AS Metrology Index (BASMI), Bath AS Patient Global Score (BAS-G), physicians assessment of disease activity, Bath AS Radiology Index-spine (BASRI-s) and sacroiliac joints, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP). To assess the sensitivity to change, 16 patients were included in an 8-week home exercise program. In addition, 16 who had been on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) treatment were requested to stop the treatment for 1 to 2 weeks.Results There were no significant differences in BASFI and DFI scores on two occasions within 24 h (P>0.05). The results showed correlations between both of the functional indices and the aforementioned validation parameters except ESR, CRP, and radiologic changes in the sacroiliac joints. The BASFI and DFI scores and BASMI and BASDAI values showed significant improvements in the home-exercise group. For the group of patients whose NSAIDs were stopped, BASFI, DFI, and BASDAI scores showed significant increase, whereas the mean BASMI score did not change.Conclusion The results indicate that the Turkish versions of the BASFI and DFI are reliable, valid, and sensitive to change.     

The reliability and validity of the Turkish version of Fullerton Advanced Balance (FAB-T) scale

PurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the FAB(FAB-T) scale in the older Turkish adults.MethodsThe reliability and validity of the scale was tested on 200 community-dwelling older adults. FAB-T scale was scored by different physiotherapists on different days to evaluate inter-rater and intrarater reliability. The Berg Balance Scale (BBS) was used for the evaluation of convergent validity, and the content validity of the FAB-T scale was investigated.ResultsThe FAB-T scale showed very high inter- and intra-rater reliability. For inter-rater agreement, on the individual test items and total score ICC values were 0.92 (95 %CI; 0.90–0.94) and 0.96 (95% CI; 0.95–0.97) respectively. The intra-rater agreement, on the individual test items and total score ICC values were 0.93 (95 %CI; 0.91– 0.95) and 0.96 (95% CI; 0.95– 0.97) respectively. There was a good agreement between the FAB-T and BBS scales. A high correlation was found between the BBS and FAB-T scales [rho = 0.70 (%95 CI; 0.62–0.76)] indicating good convergent validity. Considering the content validity of the FAB-T scale, no floor (floor score: 0%) or ceiling (ceiling score: 6.5%) effect was detected.Conclusion: The FAB-T scale was successfully translated from the original English version (FAB) and demonstrated strong psychometric features. It was found that the FAB-T scale has very high inter-rater and intra-rater reliability. Considering the convergent validity, the scale has high correlation with the BBS. The FAB-T has no floor and ceiling effect.     

The reliability and validity of the pediatrics quality of life inventoryTM (PedsQL) diabetes module 3.0 for Turkish adolescents with type 1 diabetes

Adolescents might experience difficulties in compliance to diabetes management and their quality of life might be adversely affected. No specific quality of life scale is available in Turkey for adolescents aged 13–18 years with diabetes. The aim of the study was to examine the psychometric properties of the PedsQL^TM 3.0 Diabetes Module (PedsQL^TM 3.0 DM) Teen and Parent Reports (Ages 13–18) in Turkish adolescents with type 1 diabetes. One hundred and four adolescents aged 13–18 years with type 1 diabetes and their parents who presented at a diabetes center participated in this study. Content, construct, and concurrent validities, internal consistency reliability and item-total correlations were analyzed in order to determine the psychometric properties of the scales. Construct validity was evaluated with explanatory factor analysis. The factor structure of the Turkish version PedsQL^TM diabetes module consisted of four subscales and did not support the original five-factor structure. Concurrent validity was analysed with Spearman Correlation and a positive significant correlation was found between PedsQL^TM 3.0 DM and PedsQL^TM 4.0 Generic Core Scales. Cronbach's alpha was found to be 0.92 for child self-reports (CSR) and 0.88 for parent proxy-report (PPR) of PedsQL^TM 3.0 DM. The psychometric analyses of the Turkish version of PedsQL^TM 3.0 DM Teen and Parent Reports indicate high reliability and good content and construct validity for measuring diabetes-specific health related quality of life in Turkish adolescents with type 1 diabetes.     

The reliability and validity of the animated activity questionnaire in the Turkish population with knee and hip osteoarthritis

Aim of the workActivity limitation is one of the most common causes of disability in people with knee and hip osteoarthritis (OA). The present study aimed to determine the reliability and validity of the Turkish adaptation of Animated Activity Questionnaire (AAQ) in patients with hip and knee OA.Patients and methodsTwo hundred knee and hip OA patients aged 18–80 were assessed using the AAQ. Internal consistency and test–retest measurements were performed to determine reliability. A subgroup of 40 patients completed the AAQ again after seven days to determine test–retest reliability. In order to validate Turkish version of the AAQ, all patients completed the AAQ, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC), Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score-Physical Function Shortform (KOOS-PS) and Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score-Physical Function Short form (HOOS-PS). Another subgroup of 136 patients performed the timed up and go (TUG) test, the 30-second chair stand test (CST), and the stair climbing test (SCT).ResultsThe Cronbach alpha value of the AAQ was 0.94, demonstrating high internal consistency. The test–retest score of the AAQ was 0.97, which was also high. The AAQ exhibited negative and moderate correlation with the WOMAC, KOOS-PS and HOOS-PS (0.59, ?0.60, and ?0.49, respectively). Stronger and high correlations were determined between the AAQ and TUG, CST, SCT tests (-0.74, 0.62, and ?0.58, respectively).ConclusionThe study findings suggest that the AAQ is a reliable and valid tool for evaluating activity limitations in Turkish knee and hip OA patients.     

几种焦虑症状筛查量表信度和效度的比较

目的:比较几种焦虑症状筛查量表的信度和效度。方法:对某三级综合医院的内、外、妇科门诊患者按比例随机抽样,使用简易焦虑问卷、医院焦虑抑郁量表、7条目广泛性焦虑量表、2条目广泛性焦虑量表、患者健康问卷的焦虑量表做问卷调查,并用国际神经精神科简式访谈问卷进行访谈。共收集有效问卷300份。随机抽取其中50例(实际有效35例),在初次访谈后的7~14 d进行重测。比较各量表的信度和效度。结果:各个量表的Cronbachα信度系数为0.796～0.932,重测信度为0.820～0.906。筛查广泛性焦虑阳性最多的是医院焦虑抑郁量表,为12例,最少的是患者健康问卷的焦虑量表,为9例。灵敏度以医院焦虑抑郁量表的75%为最高,其余均在60%左右;特异度均在85%以上。各量表的受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积为0.869～0.963,以患者健康问卷的焦虑量表为最大,2条目广泛性焦虑量表为最小。结论:几种量表均具有良好的信度和效度,各有优势,在筛查焦虑症状上具有一定的价值,可以根据具体情况选用。     

A Turkish version of the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index: reliability and validity

The aim of this study was to develop a Turkish version of the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) and assess its reliability, validity, and sensitivity to change. The Turkish version was obtained after a translation and back-translation process. Seventy-one patients with ankylosing spondylitis were assessed with it. To assess its validity, patients were also evaluated with the Turkish version of the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI), the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI), the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Patient Global Score (BAS-G), and physicians assessments of disease activity. Over 24 h, the Turkish BASDAI did not show significant differences between the two assessments (P>0.05). Correlations were found between BASDAI and all of the evaluation parameters except BASMI (P<0.01). Both BASDAI and BASMI showed significant improvements after 8-week home exercise programmes. The results of this study show that the Turkish version of the BASDAI is reliable, valid, and sensitive to change.     

Cross-cultural adaptation,validity, and reliability of the Turkish version of the Patient-Rated Elbow Evaluation

Clinical Rheumatology - The Patient-Rated Elbow Evaluation (PREE) is a joint-specific, self-administered outcome measure used to determine the level of pain and disability in patients with various...     

The reliability and construct validity of the RAQoL: a rheumatoid arthritis-specific quality of life instrument

The present study was designed to test the psychometric properties of the RAQoL, a rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-specific quality of life (QoL) instrument. All stages of the development were conducted simultaneously in The Netherlands and the UK. The content of the draft measure was derived from qualitative interviews with RA patients in both countries. The final version of the RAQoL has 30 items with a 'yes'/'no' response format and takes approximately 6 min to complete. Both language versions have high internal consistency and test-retest reliability (> 0.9), and good sensitivity to discriminate between groups with various disease activity and severity. Given the excellent psychometric properties of the new instrument, it will prove to be a valuable tool for assessing quality of life in clinical trials and for monitoring patients in routine clinical practice.      

Development and evaluation of reliability and validity of new scales measuring severity of myasthenia gravis

正Objective To develop new scales on the severity of myasthenia gravis (MG) which are suitable for clinical practice in China.Methods A final version of new comprehensive scale was developed by item optimization from a preliminary scale established by combination of Delphi method and previous evaluation of items from source scales. With the original quantitative data from 60 MG     

Assessment of the reliability and validity of the arthritis impact measurement scales for children with juvenile arthritis

There are few multidimensional measures of functional status in children, and none have been developed for children with juvenile arthritis (JA). This report describes an attempt to apply selected components of the Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales (AIMS), which were developed and validated for adults, to a sample of children with active JA (n = 60) or inactive JA (n = 17). Our results suggest that the Pain scale and the Physical Activity scale are the most reliable measures for children with JA; the correlations of the Pain scale, Physical Activity scale, and Dexterity scale results with the clinical measures of JA diagnostic category and joint count support the convergent validity of these scales for the active JA group; and the AIMS revised Physical Disability dimension and the Pain dimension, used to predict the children's classification in the active or inactive JA group, evidence discriminant validity. Additional studies of children with a wider range of impairments are needed to further assess the usefulness of the AIMS for children with JA.     

The impact of chronic venous insufficiency and leg function on the quality of life of HIV-positive persons

Chronic venous insufficiency and subsequent difficulties in leg function are causally linked to injection drug use and quality of life. Because injection drug use is a risk factor for human immunodeficiency virus infection, chronic venous insufficiency would be expected to occur with a higher prevalence in HIV-positive persons, yet the impact of chronic venous insufficiency on quality of life has not been investigated in this population. A cross-sectional design with quota sampling was used to enroll 73 HIV-positive participants-- 46 injection drug users and 27 non-injection drug users -- in this quality-of-life study. Questionnaires were read to participants and their legs were assessed for evidence of chronic venous insufficiency. Leg function scores, comprising assessment of leg pain, interference, and difficulty in using legs, were significantly related (P <.05) to quality-of-life scores, controlling for comorbid health problems. Chronic venous insufficiency, injection drug use, and leg function were interrelated. The legs of HIV-positive persons who have injected drugs should be assessed for manifestations of chronic venous insufficiency and other functional impairments. Further research involving a larger sample and assessment of chronic venous insufficiency treatments, including quality of life and leg function in HIV-positive persons, is needed.     

The reliability and validity of the Turkish version of Quality of Life Questionnaire of the European Foundation for Osteoporosis (QUALEFFO)

 The purpose of this study was to investigate the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of Quality of Life Questionnaire of the European Foundation for Osteoporosis (QUALEFFO). The patient group included 43 females aged between 55 and 78 years with vertebral fractures due to osteoporosis. The control group consisted of 43 healthy female volunteers whose ages matched those of the patients. All of the participants were evaluated using both QUALEFFO and SF-36. In the reliability studies, internal consistency within the domain of QUALEFFO was generally good, with Cronbach's α values ranging between 0.70 and 0.96. Convergent and discriminant validity rates of domains were both found to be between 89% and 100%. Significant correlations existed between scores of similar domains of QUALEFFO and the SF-36, especially for pain, physical function, social function and general health perception. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of QUALEFFO and the SF-36 indicated that all five domains in each questionnaire were significantly predictive of vertebral fractures. However, when comparing similar domains of the two questionnaires, the social function domain of QUALEFFO demonstrated a significantly better performance. In conclusion, the Turkish version of QUALEFFO was found to be reliable and valid in the evaluation of patients with vertebral fractures due to osteoporosis. Our study also suggests that the patients with vertebral fractures due to osteoporosis have impairment in quality of life. Received: 17 May 2002 / Accepted: 31 July 2002 This paper was presented as a poster at the 23rd Annual Meeting of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research, Phoenix, Arizona, USA, October 12–16, 2001.     

Validity and reliability of Turkish version of rhinitis and mini-rhinitis quality of life questionnaires

BackgroundThe aim of the present study was to develop the Turkish version of Rhinitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ) and mini-RQLQ for clinical and research purposes.MethodsStudy included 55 patients with Allergic Rhinitis (AR), aged 18–69. Demographic characteristics and symptom score (T4SS) were recorded. All patients filled in the Turkish RQLQ and mini-RQLQ. Reliability analysis included internal consistency and item-total score correlations. Construct validity analysis was performed by Known Group method by correlation of RQLQ and mini-RQLQ scores with T4SS and SF36.ResultsMean age of patients was 36.4±10.6. Mean T4SS was 4.7±4.1. Cronbach's α scores of all RQLQ domains were above 0.90 and those of mini-RQLQ were above 0.80. All items were significantly correlated with their domains. All correlation coefficients for item versus domain score were above 0.75 for RQLQ and above 0.84 for mini-RQLQ. Total RQLQ score was correlated with SF36 domains except physical functioning domain. Total mini-RQLQ score was significantly correlated with all SF36 domains (all r>?0.46). T4SS revealed significant correlation with RQLQ practical score (r=0.38). On the other hand, T4SS was correlated significantly with practical, nose and total scores of mini-RQLQ (r=0.33, 0.48, 0.34 respectively).ConclusionsHealth is the complete state of well-being and AR has major impact on quality of life (QoL), therefore it seems essential to include QoL measures in clinical evaluation along with traditional parameters. This study has demonstrated that RQLQ and mini-RQLQ are valid measures for use in Turkish patients with AR.