带膜食管支架置人术32例临床疗效观察

目的：探讨带膜食管支架置入术治疗食管癌性狭窄和食管-气管瘘的临床效果。方法：32例晚期食管癌性狭窄和食管-支气管瘘患者,均无手术指征,术前已行内镜和X线钡剂造影检查明确病变部位和性质。术中应用利多卡因胶浆行咽喉部麻醉,置开口器,透视下将超滑导丝与5F导管送入食管内,撤出导丝,经导管注入造影剂确定病变上下端,体表用铅条标记定位病变狭窄区;导丝及导管进入胃腔内,置换不折钢丝,沿钢丝将支架送至病变部位,X线透视下缓慢释放,观察临床疗效。结果：所有患者吞咽困难均显著改善,食管-气管瘘患者呛咳显著缓解。但患者均有不同程度的胸痛、胸部异物感,平均缓解时间2周,支架术后平均存活13个月,并发症有疼痛、再狭窄、支架移位、胃内容物反流、出血、支架嵌顿填塞等。结论：带膜食管支架能显著缓解食管癌患者的进食困难及食管-支气管瘘呛咳、肺内感染、严重营养不良症状,提高患者的生活质量,延长生存时间。对于重度吞咽困难而又失去手术机会或拒绝接受手术治疗的食管癌患者,经口腔在X线透视下放置带膜食管支架是一种操作安全可靠、微创、简单易行、见效快、费用相对低廉的治疗方法。     

金属食管支架治疗食管恶性狭窄22例分析

[目的]研究金属支架治疗食管恶性狭窄的价值。[方法]采用镍钛合金和Z型支架治疗食管狭窄22例 (18例恶性狭窄 ,4例吻合口狭窄 ) ,包括6例食管支气管瘘。通过胃镜在X线下确定狭窄段的上下缘 ,以及瘘管的位置 ,并在体外和体内定位 ,拔出胃镜后留置导丝 ,将支架置入器沿导丝送到狭窄部位 ,在X线透视下确定支架位置正确后 ,缓慢释放支架 ,并适当调整位置。[结果]病人置放支架后吞咽困难分级降低1.67个等级 ,食管直径由(0.4±0.2)cm扩张至(1.6±0.2)cm。带膜金属支架使瘘口完全封闭 ,术后无严重并发症发生。[结论]金属支架治疗对于不能手术切除的晚期食管癌 ,食管瘘或手术后吻合口狭窄以及吻合口复发的病人是有效的姑息治疗方法 ,带膜支架对食管支气管瘘堵瘘非常有效     

食管良恶性狭窄及瘘的带膜内支架介入治疗

目的：研究应用带膜的镍钛合金金属内支架治疗食管的良恶性狭窄。方法：共60例患者,不能手术晚期食管癌19例,食管癌放疗后引起的食管狭窄20例,手术后吻合口狭窄18例,手术后吻合口瘘2例,腐蚀性食管炎1例,4例合并食管-气管瘘或食管-纵隔瘘。所用器械包括：6F猎人头导管,0.035Cun长1.8m交换导丝,食管球囊导管,支架推送器和50-120mm镍钛合金属支架。全部在电视透视下进行,局部口咽部麻醉。结果：全部病例均获成功,其中一例患者因狭窄位置较高,支架置入后48小时取出,术后进食良好。结论：带膜的镍钛合金金属内支架对食管的恶性狭窄进行姑息性治疗是提高患者生存质量安全有效的方法;对手术后吻合口瘘与狭窄和食管-气管瘘或食管-纵隔瘘起到了较好的治疗作用。     

带膜支架在食管恶性狭窄治疗中的应用

目的评价带膜支架治疗食管恶性狭窄的临床应用价值。方法对70例食管恶性狭窄患者在X线电视监视下置入带膜支架,其中单纯食管恶性狭窄64例、狭窄合并食管-支气管瘘5例、狭窄合并食管-纵隔瘘1例。结果全组70例中,69例置入成功,1例下胸段食管癌因患有胃扭转,置入支架失败。手术成功率为98.57%。结论带膜支架在治疗食管恶性狭窄、食管瘘方面简单易行、疗效可靠。     

食管气管瘘经置管术后继续放疗

我院自1994年10月～1996年6月对12例食管癌放射治疗中并发食管气管瘘的患者,行内镜下置管术后继续给予体外放射治疗,近期疗效满意,现报告如下: 1 材料和方法1.1 一般资料 本组12例中男性8例,女性4例;年龄51岁～68岁.病变部位:胸上段2例,胸中段7例,胸下段3例,病理诊断均为鳞癌.予6Mv-X线照射,分别在肿瘤量20Gy和50Gy时,患者饮水、进食出现刺激性呛咳和肺部感染,经口服碘水摄片诊断为食管气管、支气管瘘. 1.2 治疗方法 患者左侧卧于X线检查床上,内镜插至瘘口,透视下病变上缘体表定位,内镜直视下沿活检孔将导丝送至胃内,退出胃镜.然后透视下沿导丝将含支架的输送器送至支架上口距病变上缘3cm处,释放国产CES-1型带一层高分子膜的ES食管金属支架,封闭瘘口,退出输送器及导丝.置管后摄片,碘水通过均顺利,未向气管内扩散,成功率100%,置管术后1周,于模拟机下定位,胸上段病变3野,     

带膜支架治疗恶性食管狭窄63例

[目的]评价国产食管带膜支架治疗食管恶性狭窄的临床疗效。[方法]选取63例因晚期食管癌或贲门癌导致恶性食管狭窄的患者，行X线透视下国产食管带膜支架置入术进行治疗，其中食管癌51例，贲门癌12例。[结果]所有病人内支架置入均获成功，随访病人3个月～2年，吞咽困难症状缓解率100％。[结论]国产食管带膜支架置入是治疗恶性食管狭窄的有效治疗方法。     

食管支架治疗食管癌性梗阻、穿孔及术后狭窄147例

 目的 探讨自扩式带膜食管支架治疗食管狭窄的价值。方法 使用胃镜或在X线电视监视下安放支架147例。结果 支架放置成功率和放置后吞咽困难缓解率100 %。其中15例疼痛较剧在胃镜或X线下将支架取出。结论 带膜支架应用于食管癌性梗阻、瘘或吻合口癌复发，疗效可靠，并发症少。良性狭窄不易放置支架，或放置后1周内取出以缓解顽固性良性狭窄。     

覆膜支架堵闭治疗恶性食管瘘22例

目的 评价覆膜支架堵闭治疗食管癌合并食管-气管瘘、食管-纵隔瘘的价值,探讨支架堵闭的相关技术.方法 22例全部行食管造影明确瘘口位置,X线透视引导下进行记忆合金支架置入术,所有病例均随访至死亡.结果 22例患者一次性成功置入22枚支架,未出现食管穿孔、大出血以及死亡等严重并发症.瘘口彻底堵闭,吞咽困难完全解除或明显缓解.结论 覆膜支架堵闭治疗恶性食管瘘安全、有效.     

食管支架置入术治疗食管恶性狭窄及食管气管瘘46例疗效分析

目的:探讨食管支架置入术治疗食管癌引起的食管狭窄及食管气管瘘的临床效果。方法:对46 例确诊为食管癌所致的恶性狭窄及食管气管瘘患者行食管支架置入,术后行影像学随访,评价其疗效。结果:46 例患者共置入 49 枚食管支架材料,均 1 次性成功置入。术后患者吞咽梗阻、呛咳缓解或消失,进食明显改善,未出现严重并发症。结论:支架置入治疗食管癌引起的食管狭窄以及食管气管瘘近期效果良好。     

国产食管金属内支架的临床应用

目的探讨国产食管金属内支架治疗食管癌性狭窄、食管—气管瘘及食管—纵隔瘘临床应用价值。方法先用导丝通过狭窄段,经球囊扩张,置入带膜食管金属内支架。结果48例食管狭窄者内支架置入后吞咽困难完全消除的7例（14．6％）,41例（85．4％）明显缓解。6例食管—气管瘘口封闭。结论国产食管金属内支架置入是治疗食管恶性狭窄安全可靠的方法,术后应继续进行抗癌治疗。     

Experience with Impedance Phlebography Compared with Venography

Venography is a particularly reliable method for the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis but is not suitable as a screening test. Impedance phlebography represents another attempt to discover a simple, non-invasive and reliable method of detecting deep venous thrombosis. It does not, however, meet these criteria.     

Compliance with guidelines and correlation with outcome in patients with advanced germ-cell tumours

PurposeTo evaluate prior compliance with guidelines in patients treated with salvage chemotherapy for advanced germ-cell tumours (GCT).Patients and methodsData concerning the initial management of patients requiring salvage chemotherapy for GCT at Institut Gustave Roussy between 2000 and 2010 were obtained and correlated with recommendations for treatment. Criteria of non-compliance were defined based on guidelines. Compliance with guidelines, predictive factors for non-compliance and the impact on outcome were analysed.ResultsAmong 82 patients treated in the salvage setting, guidelines to initial treatment were followed in only 41 cases (50%). The most common non-compliance criteria were non-adherence to the planned dose (16%), an inappropriate interval between first-line chemotherapy cycles (16%), the lack of post-chemotherapy surgery (16%) and a long interval to post-chemotherapy surgery (48%). Compliance with standard care was better in cancer centres than in other hospitals (private or public) (Odd Ratio (OR): 6.9, P = 0.001). A poor-risk status according to the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) was also predictive of compliance in univariate but not in multivariate analysis. No significant difference in outcome after salvage chemotherapy was observed. Patients relapsing after non-compliant first-line therapy tended to be more easily salvaged, which is consistent with the fact that their initial treatment was inadequate. Some of these relapses were therefore probably not due to true biologically refractory disease.ConclusionGuidelines for first-line treatment are adhered to in only half the patients requiring salvage chemotherapy. As the only predictive factor for non-compliance was the treating centre, centralisation of patients with GCT in well-trained hospitals should be recommended.     

Treatment with methylnaltrexone is associated with increased survival in patients with advanced cancer

BackgroundMethylnaltrexone (MNTX), a peripherally acting μ-opioid receptor (MOR) antagonist, is FDA-approved for treatment of opioid-induced constipation (OIC). Preclinical data suggest that MOR activation can play a role in cancer progression and can be a target for anticancer therapy.Patients and methodsPooled data from advanced end-stage cancer patients with OIC, despite laxatives, treated in two randomized (phase III and IV), placebo-controlled trials with MNTX were analyzed for overall survival (OS) in an unplanned post hoc analysis. MNTX or placebo was given subcutaneously during the double-blinded phase, which was followed by the open-label phase, allowing MNTX treatment irrespective of initial randomization.ResultsIn two randomized, controlled trials, 229 cancer patients were randomized to MNTX (117, 51%) or placebo (112, 49%). Distribution of patients' characteristics and major tumor types did not significantly differ between arms. Treatment with MNTX compared with placebo [76 days, 95% confidence interval (CI) 43–109 versus 56 days, 95% CI 43–69; P = 0.033] and response (laxation) to treatment compared with no response (118 days, 95% CI 59–177 versus 55 days, 95% CI 40–70; P < 0.001) had a longer median OS, despite 56 (50%) of 112 patients ultimately crossing over from placebo to MNTX. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that response to therapy [hazard ratio (HR) 0.47, 95% CI 0.29–0.76; P = 0.002) and albumin ≥3.5 (HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.30–0.69; P < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors for increased OS. Of interest, there was no difference in OS between MNTX and placebo in 134 patients with advanced illness other than cancer treated in these randomized studies (P = 0.88).ConclusionThis unplanned post hoc analysis of two randomized trials demonstrates that treatment with MNTX and, even more so, response to MNTX are associated with increased OS, which supports the preclinical hypothesis that MOR can play a role in cancer progression. Targeting MOR with MNTX warrants further investigation in cancer therapy.Clinical trials numberNCT00401362, NCT00672477.     

Costs associated with complications are lower with capecitabine than with 5‐fluorouracil in patients with colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND:

Capecitabine, an oral alternative to 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), has equal clinical efficacy and a favorable safety profile; however, its use may be limited because of unit cost concerns. In this study, the authors measured the cost of chemotherapy‐related complications during treatment with capecitabine‐ and 5‐FU–based regimens.

METHODS:

Patients with CRC who received at least 1 administration of capecitabine or 5‐FU during 2004 and 2005 were identified from the Thomson MarketScan research databases. Monthly frequency and cost for 23 complications were recorded. Logistic regression was used to predict complication probability. General linear models were used to predict monthly complication cost and total monthly expenditure.

RESULTS:

In total, 4973 patients with CRC met the inclusion criteria for this analysis. Although the most frequently observed complications were the same between capecitabine and 5‐FU (nausea and vomiting, infection, anemia, neutropenia, diarrhea), each was observed with greater frequency in 5‐FU–based regimens. The mean predicted monthly complication cost was significantly higher (by 136%) with 5‐FU monotherapy than with capecitabine monotherapy (difference, $601; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], $469‐$737). In addition, the mean predicted monthly complication cost for 5‐FU+oxaliplatin was higher than the cost with capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (difference, $1165; 95% CI, $892‐$1595). When acquisition, administration, and complication costs were taken into consideration, there were no significant differences in the total cost between capecitabine regimens and 5‐FU regimens.

CONCLUSIONS:

Capecitabine compared well with 5‐FU–based therapy in patients with CRC and was associated with lower complication rates and associated costs. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.     

Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs

JOHNSTON S.R.D. (2010) European Journal of Cancer Care 19 , 561–563 Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs     

奥沙利铂联合羟基喜树碱治疗晚期胃癌临床分析

背景与目的体外及体内的临床研究显示,奥沙利铂(L-OHP)对多种肿瘤有显著抑制作用并与绝大多数抗癌药物具有相加或协同细胞毒作用.本文旨在观察L-OHP联合羟基喜树碱(HCPT)治疗晚期胃癌的近期疗效和患者耐受性,并与传统的化疗方案进行对比.方法采用非随机的分组方法将43例晚期胃癌患者分为L-OHP+HCPT方案组(治疗组)与Vp-16+CF+5-FU(ELF)方案组(对照组),其中男性28例,女性15例,中位年龄59岁,KPS评分≥60,观察两组的近期疗效和患者耐受性.结果治疗组24例有效率58.3%(14/24),对照组19例有效率42.1%(8/19).治疗组有效率高于对照组,两组差异有显著性(P<0.05).两组不良反应主要是骨髓抑制、恶心、呕吐、口腔炎、周围神经炎、静脉炎、脱发等,均在Ⅰ、Ⅱ度范围内.结论L-OHP联合HCPT方案治疗晚期胃癌疗效较好,不良反应可以耐受.     

Varicella-Zoster Virus Prophylaxis with Low-Dose Acyclovir in Patients with Multiple Myeloma Treated with Bortezomib

BackgroundVaricella-zoster virus (VZV) reactivation is a common complication in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) treated with bortezomib, with an incidence rate of 10%-60%. The aim of our study was to analyze the effect of acyclovir prophylaxis in this patient population.Patients and MethodsWe studied 98 consecutive patients with relapsed MM treated with bortezomib. Bortezomib 1.3 mg/m² was given on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of a 21-day cycle. At first, patients did not receive any VZV prophylaxis, but because of the high incidence of VZV reactivation, VZV prophylaxis with acyclovir was implemented subsequently.ResultsA total of 11 patients treated with bortezomib did not have any VZV prophylaxis, and 4 of these 11 patients (36%) developed VZV reactivation in the form of herpes zoster. No VZV reactivations were observed in the 32 patients who received acyclovir 400 mg 3 times daily or the 55 patients who received acyclovir in a dose reduced to 400 mg once daily during bortezomib treatment.ConclusionVaricellazoster virus reactivation is a common and serious adverse effect of bortezomib treatment. Acyclovir 400 mg once daily is sufficient to protect from VZV reactivation in patients with MM treated with bortezomib.