大骨瓣减压术治疗脑梗死所致脑疝

目的 探讨开颅大骨瓣减压术对大面积脑梗死所致脑疝的手术时机及手术方法.方法 对大面积脑梗死所致天幕疝12例采用大骨瓣减压术,同时剪开硬脑膜.结果 10例早期手术者均存活,1例死亡,1例病危出院.结论 大骨瓣减压术治疗大面积脑梗死所致脑疝是有效的方法.     

颅内压监测联合去骨瓣减压治疗大面积脑梗死

目的对比去骨瓣减压联合颅内压监测和内科药物治疗两种方法治疗大面积脑梗死的疗效。方法对39例采用去骨瓣减压联合颅内压监测治疗的大面积脑梗死患者和26例采用内科药物保守治疗的大面积脑梗死患者进行比较,分析2组患者的病死率、康复情况。结果手术治疗组患者与保守治疗组患者相比较,手术治疗组患者病死率低,术后康复情况较好（P〈O．05）,差异有统计学意义。结论大面积脑梗死患者采取去骨瓣减压术治疗相对于内科保守治疗降低了病死率,提高了患者的生存质量。     

大骨瓣减压治疗大面积脑梗死伴脑疝21例分析

大面积脑梗死由于梗死面积大、脑水肿严重常导致急性脑疝形成,内科保守治疗差,死亡率高达80%～90%[1],我院2003年2月至2009年10月对21例大面积脑梗死伴脑疝患者行大骨瓣减压手术治疗,效果良好,报告如下.     

去骨瓣减压术治疗恶性大脑中动脉脑梗死预后影响因素及手术指征探讨

恶性大脑中动脉脑梗死(Malignant middle cerebral artery territory infarction,MMCI)是指大脑中动脉(MCA)主干或者颈内动脉起始段闭塞导致的MCA供血区大面积脑梗死,此病病情凶险,50%～78%的患者死于脑疝[1].MMCI约占缺血性卒中的2%～10%,单纯保守治疗的死亡率可高达79%[2].近期欧洲的3项随机对照试验研究显示去骨瓣减压术可明显降低死亡率,改善患者预后[3～5].去骨瓣减压术可将死亡率由80%降至30%[6～9].由于缺乏严格的前瞻性随机对照试验证据,手术时机各研究单位采用的标准不一致,对临床预后的判断缺乏科学的判定标准.本文就去骨瓣减压术治疗MMCI预后影响因素及手术指征予以综述.     

高血压基底节区出血并脑疝58例治疗分析

目的探讨开颅血肿清除并去骨瓣减压术治疗基底节区脑出血并脑疝的效果。方法 58例基底节区脑出血并脑疝患者采用开颅血肿清除并去骨瓣减压术治疗,术后给予控制血压、预防感染、脱水及补液等综合治疗,必要时行气管切开及腰椎穿刺术。结果术后6个月,根据ADL评分:Ⅰ级1例(1.72%),Ⅱ级20例(34.48%),Ⅲ级17例(29.31%),Ⅳ级7例(12.06%),Ⅴ级7例(12.06%),死亡6例(10.34%)。结论开颅血肿清除并去骨瓣减压术可有效的降低病死率,提高患者生存质量,可作为脑疝患者的首选手术方式。     

内科保守治疗与不同手术时机去骨瓣减压治疗大面积脑梗死的对比研究

目的对比内科保守治疗与不同手术时机去骨瓣减压手术治疗大面积梗死的临床效果。方法选取我院收治的60例急性大面积梗死患者,根据治疗情况及手术时机的不同,分为A组(内科保守治疗)、B组(脑疝发生后行去骨瓣减压手术)、C组(脑疝发生前行去骨瓣减压手术)各20例。比较3组治疗后NIHSS、GCS、BI、mRS评分、功能恢复状况、病死率及预后情况。结果与治疗前相比,3组治疗后1个月NIHSS评分均明显下降(P0.05),且C组下降幅度更大,3组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);3组治疗后GCS、BI及mRS评分比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),C组GCS及BI评分最高,mRS评分最低。治疗后6个月,3组病死率、功能恢复状况及预后比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。讨论去骨瓣减压术治疗大面积脑梗死的疗效及短期预后情况显著优于内科保守治疗,且脑疝前期实施手术有利于患者生存率的提高及功能恢复、预后情况的改善。     

超早期去骨瓣减压术对大面积脑梗死老年患者神经功能及血小板活化能力水平的影响

目的探讨超早期去骨瓣减压术对大面积脑梗死老年患者神经功能及血小板活化能力水平的影响。方法将郑州中康医院2018年6月至2019年6月收治的123例大面积脑梗死老年患者按照手术时间分组,对照组61例发病24~48 h内行去骨瓣减压术,观察组62例超早期(发病24 h内)行去骨瓣减压术。观察两组患者的疗效、神经功能、血小板活化能力水平及手术并发症。结果观察组疗效优于对照组(P<0.05);观察组术后1个月、6个月末用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分较对照组低(P<0.05);观察组术后1周末血小板淋巴细胞聚集体(PlyA)、血小板-单核细胞聚集体(PMA)、血小板-白细胞聚集体(PLA)及血小板中性粒细胞聚集体(PNA)的百分比水平较对照组低(P<0.05);观察组手术并发症发生率(6%)较对照组(20%)低(P<0.05)。结论超早期去骨瓣减压术可降低大面积脑梗死老年患者血小板活化水平,改善神经功能,提高治疗效果并减少手术并发症。     

去骨瓣减压术治疗大面积脑梗死18例临床分析

目的探讨去骨瓣减压术治疗大面积脑梗死的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2003-01~2008-01收治的18例经去骨瓣减压术治疗的大面积脑梗死患者的临床资料。结果18例患者存活17例,死亡1例。随访3~6个月,根据GOS评分,恢复良好9例,中残5例,重残3例。结论对保守治疗无效的大面积脑梗死患者,去骨瓣减压术能显著改善患者的预后。合理选择手术适应证,及时把握手术时机以及充分手术减压是取得良好预后的关键。     

大骨瓣减压术治疗大面积脑梗死的疗效评价

目的 探讨大骨瓣减压术治疗大面积脑梗死的临床效果和内科保守治疗临床效果。 方法 回顾性研究总结徐州医科大学附属医院2012年1月-2015年1月41例大面积脑梗死后行去骨瓣 减压手术治疗的患者和30例大面积脑梗死后行内科保守治疗的患者,比较两组患者的死亡率及对生 存者中两组患者不同时期的神经功能变化进行随访（12个月）,评价术后3个月和12个月时的预后评 分（Glasgow Outcome Scale,GOS）变化。 结果 手术治疗组与内科保守对照组相比较,死亡率明显降低（χ 2=4.522,P =0.02）。手术治疗组中 60岁以上患者死亡率明显比60岁以下患者要高（χ 2=5.634,P =0.04）。根据GOS进行临床评分,手术治 疗组术后3个月和12个月随访结果,较内科保守对照组发病3个月和12个月随访结果,患者死亡率降 低,且患者生活质量提高明显（χ 2=6.437,P =0.03）。 结论 大面积脑梗死手术治疗组比保守治疗组可明显降低患者死亡率,且患者生活质量提高明显。     

大面积脑梗死的临床特点及个体化治疗

目的探讨大面积脑梗死的临床特点和个体化治疗方法。方法回顾性分析收治的68例大面积脑梗死患者的临床特点和治疗方式。结果 68例患者中,12例经抢救无效死于脑疝,病死率为17.64%。56例经神经内科治疗(其中1例行去骨瓣减压术,术后存活),治疗后均好转出院。出院后电话随访,存活患者均遗留不同程度的功能残疾。结论颅内压增高迅速是大面积脑梗死的临床特点,早期应及时联合使用脱水剂;去骨瓣减压术能减轻大面积脑梗死病灶局部的颅内压力,对大面积脑梗死的疗效确切。     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

腺垂体功能减退症临床特征变化分析

目的探讨腺垂体功能减退症患者的病因结构变化及临床表现。方法回顾性分析我院2013-01—2016-12住院及门诊78例腺垂体功能减退症患者的临床资料。结果男32例(41.03%),女46例(58.97%);诊断时年龄11~89岁,平均62.5岁;鞍区占位(包括术前及术后)52例(66.67%),席汉综合征8例(10.26%),空泡蝶鞍9例(11.65%),病因不明8例(10.26%),垂体-下丘脑发育不良1例(1.28%)。首次就诊科室:纳差厌食、恶心呕吐就诊于消化内科36例(46.15%)最常见。ACTH+TSH+Gn+G激素缺乏为19例最多,占24.36%,ACTH+TSH+Gn缺乏15例,占19.23%。结论腺垂体功能减退症病因结构发生变化,发病人群、首发症状及受累激素也不同,患者女性多于男性,发病年龄偏高,症状不典型,分布于临床多个科室,其中以低钠血症为首发临床表现就诊消化内科最多。     

Standards of instrumentation of EMG

Standardization of Electromyography (EMG) instrumentation is of particular importance to ensure high quality recordings. This consensus report on “Standards of Instrumentation of EMG” is an update and extension of the earlier IFCN Guidelines published in 1999. First, a panel of experts in different fields from different geographical distributions was invited to submit a section on their particular interest and expertise. Then, the merged document was circulated for comments and edits until a consensus emerged.The first sections in this document cover technical aspects such as instrumentation, EMG hardware and software including amplifiers and filters, digital signal analysis and instrumentation settings. Other sections cover the topics such as temporary storage, trigger and delay line, averaging, electrode types, stimulation techniques for optimal and standardised EMG examinations, and the artefacts electromyographers may face and safety rules they should follow. Finally, storage of data and databases, report generators and external communication are summarized.     

Release of endogenous catecholamines from slices of hypothalamus of rats

The release of endogenous catecholamines from superfused slices of rat hypothalamus was studied under basal conditions and during release evoked by 40 mM K⁺. Catecholamines in superfusates, and in extracts of the tissue after stimulation, were isolated by column chromatography and quantitated by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Norepinephrine (NE) was not consistently demonstrable in superfusate collected under basal conditions, but 40 mM K⁺ caused the release of from 2 to 4 ng/g of tissue per min. The addition of cocaine to the superfusate caused increases in basal and evoked release of NE. Epinephrine (E) could be measured in superfusates of slices from male but not female rats and then only when cocaine was added to the superfusate. Accordingly, the concentration of E in hypothalamus was greater in male rats than in female rats. Dopamine (DA) was not consistently measurable in the spontaneous overflow from slices either in the presence or absence of cocaine. K⁺-evoked release of DA could be demonstrated in slices from female rats. The addition of cocaine increased the evoked release of DA from slices from both sexes. Corticosterone, added to cocaine, had no effects on the efflux of any of the catecholamines. The experiments suggest that neuronal reuptake of all catecholamines is very efficient in the hypothalamus both under basal conditions and during evoked release.     

Effects of prevention of afferentation of the development of the chick optic lobe

BONDY, S. C., M. E. HARRINGTON AND C. L. ANDERSON. Effects of prevention of afferentation on the developmentof the chick optic lobe. BRAIN RES. BULL. 3(5) 411–413, 1978.—The effects of unilateral extirpation of the right optic cup of the three-day incubated chick embryo upon the rate of synthesis and the stability of DNA in the non-innervated optic lobe, have been studied. This surgical procedure prevents innervation of the optic lobe contralateral to the removed eye, while the other optic lobe is normally innervated by retinal ganglion cells of the remaining eye. At the 20th day of incubation, the DNA content of the non-innervated lobe was below that of the paired lobe receiving normal innervation. This deficiency of cell number was caused by two events; death of an excess number of neurons formed early in embryogenesis and a reduced rate of glial proliferation in the later stages of incubation.     

《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》解读

2018年,国家卫生健康委员会等10部委联合发布《关于印发全国社会心理服务体系建设试点工作方案的通知》,四川省绵阳市被列为全国第一批试点地区。绵阳市人民政府依据《中华人民共和国精神卫生法》等相关法律法规和文件精神,结合前期调查研究和社会心理服务工作的试点实际,编制出台了《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》,并于2021年12月25日起施行。本文围绕社会心理服务的相关概念、办法总则、重点内容、保障措施等方面进行解读,以期为社会心理服务工作的规范、持续和有效开展提供参考。     

帕金森病运动症状进展分析

目的分析帕金森病(PD)患者运动症状进展特点。方法采用PD统一评分量表(UPDRS)Ⅲ对912例PD患者进行评估。结果与病程1年的患者比较,除病程1~2年的患者外,其他病程患者的UPDRSⅢ评分、强直分、姿势或步态异常分、轴性症状总分、言语分、步态分显著升高(均P0.05),病程5~6年及14年患者的震颤分,病程5~6年、7~8年、9~13年、14年患者的运动迟缓分、姿势分显著升高(P0.05~0.01)。轴性症状进展速度高于UPDRSⅢ评分。结论 PD患者病程早期UPDRSⅢ评分进展快,震颤症状进展独立于其他症状,轴性症状评分较UPDRSⅢ更敏感地反映疾病加重趋势。     

阿立哌唑对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响

目的:比较阿立哌唑与利培酮对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响。方法:60例精神分裂患者随机平分为两组各30例,分别给予阿立哌唑和利培酮治疗。疗程8周。用生活质量综合评定问卷-74(GQOLI-74)、阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)及副反应量表(TESS)评定疗效及不良反应。结果:阿立哌唑与利培酮均能显著提高精神分裂症患者生活质量,但阿立哌唑在改善GQOLI-74总分、躯体健康及社会功能维度优于利培酮。结论:阿立哌唑治疗有利于提高精神分裂症患者生活质量。     

Frequency of accumulation of filaments in adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells of myelinated fibers of rat spinal roots

Summary The frequency of accumulation of 6-nm filaments in the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells in the 6th lumbar dorsal and ventral roots was evaluated in 4-, 8-, 26- and 45-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The frequency was higher in 4- and 8-week-old (growing) rats than in 26- and 45-week old (mature) rats, and also higher in ventral than in dorsal roots in 4-, 8- and 26-week old rats. There were no clusters on certain groups of myelinated fibers according to the size of transverse axonal area, in both the ventral and dorsal roots. Therefore, this accumulation may reflect certain functions of the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cell during natural growth and maturation of the axon and myelin sheath.     

奥氮平治疗精神分裂症对照研究的Meta分析

目的：探讨奥氮平治疗精神分裂症的疗效和不良反应。方法：应用M eta分析对17篇奥氮平与其他抗精神病药治疗精神分裂症对照研究的文章进行再分析。结果：奥氮平自身对照比较的治疗效应极大（χ^2=141.00，P〈0.05）。治疗2周和治疗结束，奥氮平与对照药疗效比较差异无显著性（P〉0.05）;阳性与阴性症状量表（PANSS）评分比较差异亦无显著性（P〉0.05）。与对照药相比，奥氮平的不良反应显著少于对照药组（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。结论：奥氮平与对照药的临床疗效相仿，但不良反应明显较少。