内支架置入对中晚期食管癌治疗价值的评估

目的采用内支架置入的方法对中晚期食管癌进行姑息性治疗,观察其疗效及不良反应.方法18例中晚期食管癌患者中,手术后吻合口肿瘤复发4例,合并食管-气管瘘及食管-纵隔瘘各1例.18例中晚期食管癌患者经食管造影显示狭窄段管腔直径均小于5mm,均先行球囊扩张,后置入支架.结果随访18个月,1例2个月后死于食管-气管瘘合并肺内感染,另1例6个月后死于消化道大出血.2例再狭窄后行放射治疗,其余患者均未出现进食障碍.结论内支架置入对中晚期食管癌治疗效果明显,操作简单、安全,无严重并发症,值得临床推广.     

国产自膨式镍钛记忆合金带膜食管支架的临床应用

背景与目的：晚期恶性食管狭窄、食管癌或贲门癌术后单纯吻合口狭窄、食管癌放疗后狭窄所致的进食困难甚至出现食管气管瘘、食管纵隔瘘是影响患者生存质量及生存时间的一个重要因素。如何微创、简便、有效的治疗上述食管狭窄或食管气管瘘、食管纵隔瘘一直是临床工作者研究的热点之一。本研究探讨国产自膨式镍钛记忆合金网状带膜支架治疗食管狭窄的价值和注意事项。方法：自1998年4月至2005年10月，我科采用国产自膨式镍钛记忆合金网状带膜支架治疗食管狭窄患者96例（其中食管恶性狭窄65例，包括食管气管瘘18例、食管纵隔瘘3例；食管癌或贲门癌术后单纯吻合口狭窄26例；食管癌放疗后狭窄5例），男性71例，女性25例，平均年龄70岁。所有患者均在X线辅助下行食管内支架置入术。结果：本组共置入食管内支架114枚，均一次成功，成功率100％，近期疗效满意。随访1～60个月，无一例发生支架移位，术后平均生存时间8．6个月。恶性食管狭窄行内支架置入后联合化疗，中位生存期7．4个月。本组患者术后再狭窄率38．5％，予球囊扩张或再次内支架置入治疗（再次介入治疗29．2％）。结论：食管内支架置入是恶性食管狭窄的良好的姑息性治疗手段，也适用于食管癌或贲门癌术后单纯吻合口狭窄、食管癌放疗后狭窄，有助于延长患者生存时间、提高生活质量。但如何降低食管内支架置入后的再狭窄仍有待进一步的研究。     

内镜介入治疗晚期梗阻性食道癌

 晚期梗阻性食道癌患者23例,其中7例为晚期转移不能手术者,16例手术后复发,放疗后又复发者.22例均首先采用扩张术,7例不能手术者中2例患食道支气管瘘,其中1例放支架后采用放疗,另1例放支架后采用化疗,其余5例无食道支气管瘘者-律放支架解除梗阻后进行放疗,16例多次治疗复发者,除扩张外,分别采用微波、局部化疗及合并症出血治疗,止血成功率达67%以上,扩张后消化道梗阻解除率达100%.内镜局部化疗肿瘤缓解率90%以上达PR.     

A case report of esophageal carcinoma developing esophago-brochial fistula successfully treated by esophageal bypass surgery

We have experienced a case of esophageal carcinoma developing esophago-bronchial fistula that was successfully treated by esophageal bypass surgery followed by chemo-radiation. A man aged 64 years old with developed esophago- bronchial fistula after initial chemo-radiation was undergone a gastric bypass surgery to separate esophagus and bronchus. Though closure of fistula was just 4 months after definitive chemo-radiation, an oral feeding was possible until the death of the patient. Stent placement for esophageal carcinoma was less invasive treatment though chemo-radiation after a stent placement was accompanied by high incidence of stent associated morbidity. Since esophageal bypass surgery can definitely separate airway from esophagus, chemo-radiation with oral feeding can be easily carried out. Esophageal bypass surgery was a treatment recommendation for the patient with esophageal carcinoma invading trachea or bronchus.     

气管支架置入术治疗肿瘤引起的急性气道狭窄

背景与目的:肿瘤引起的急性气道狭窄,情况危急,对于此类患者实行金属气管支架置入术,有助解除患者呼吸困难,为进一步治疗争取时间。本研究旨在探讨其临床应用效果及并发症处理。方法:52例由肿瘤引起的急性气道狭窄患者在纤维支气管镜引导下,置入镍钛合金(Ni-Ti)支架。结果:52例患者支架放置成功,患者呼吸困难明显改善,术前PaO2、PaCO2、KPS值分别为(7.74±0.99)kPa、(5.37±0.39)kPa、68.85±8.08,术后PaO2、PaCO2、KPS值分别为(11.12±0.61)kPa、(4.58±0.30)kPa、84.62±5.03(P<0.01);术后并发症经对症处理后,均取得较好的疗效。结论:气管支架置入术对于肿瘤局部压迫、侵犯大气道而引起的急性呼吸困难是一种较好的姑息性治疗手段,可以挽救患者的生命,提高晚期肿瘤患者生活质量,为肿瘤患者进一步治疗创造机会。     

食管内支架对恶性食管梗阻的疗效评价

目的：研究食管内支架在恶性食管梗阻及食管气管瘘治疗中的价值。方法：１９９５～１９９８年对７２例恶性食管梗阻且不能耐受剖胸手术的患置入食管内支架治疗。男５６例,女１６例,平均年龄７３．５岁（３８～９０岁）。食管癌５５例（并食管气管瘘３例）,胃贲门癌１３例,肺癌并气管食管瘘４例。结果：所有内支架开放良好,吞咽困难计分提高２分。７２例中,５３例（７３．６％）无并发症,最多见的并发症是胸痛,有１１例（２     

食管良恶性狭窄及瘘的带膜内支架介入治疗

目的：研究应用带膜的镍钛合金金属内支架治疗食管的良恶性狭窄。方法：共60例患者,不能手术晚期食管癌19例,食管癌放疗后引起的食管狭窄20例,手术后吻合口狭窄18例,手术后吻合口瘘2例,腐蚀性食管炎1例,4例合并食管-气管瘘或食管-纵隔瘘。所用器械包括：6F猎人头导管,0.035Cun长1.8m交换导丝,食管球囊导管,支架推送器和50-120mm镍钛合金属支架。全部在电视透视下进行,局部口咽部麻醉。结果：全部病例均获成功,其中一例患者因狭窄位置较高,支架置入后48小时取出,术后进食良好。结论：带膜的镍钛合金金属内支架对食管的恶性狭窄进行姑息性治疗是提高患者生存质量安全有效的方法;对手术后吻合口瘘与狭窄和食管-气管瘘或食管-纵隔瘘起到了较好的治疗作用。     

内镜下放置记忆合金支架治疗晚期食管癌48例临床分析

目的　评价内镜下放置食管支架治疗晚期食管癌的疗效和安全性。方法　 48例晚期食管癌合并狭窄和瘘的患者 ,在内镜下放置镍钛记忆合金带膜支架。结果　所有病例均成功放置支架 ,患者吞咽困难明显缓解 ,瘘口得到封闭 ,生活质量明显提高 ,生存期延长 ,未发生严重并发症。结论　内镜下放置镍钛记忆合金带膜支架治疗晚期食管癌所致恶性狭窄和瘘 ,安全可靠 ,操作简便     

双支架治疗恶性肿瘤引起的食管、气管狭窄

目的:探讨双支架治疗恶性肿瘤所致的食管、气管狭窄的安全性及其疗效。方法:恶性肿瘤引起气管、食管狭窄24 例,其中食管癌侵犯食管、气管20例,肺癌纵隔转移累及气管、食管4例。经食管造影、胸部CT及气管三维重建,明确食管、气管狭窄位置及长度,置入覆膜镍钛合金食管支架,自膨胀网状镍钛合金气管支架。结果:24例均成功置入气管、食管双支架。术后呼吸困难及进食困难明显缓解,随访8个月,存活平均4.2 个月;1例术后7天大咯血死亡。2例食管气管支架术后2个月出现呛咳。结论:双支架可短期有效缓解晚期恶性肿瘤所致气管、食管狭窄引起的呼吸、吞咽困难症状,改善患者存活质量。     

Usefulness of esophageal stenting by using a covered self-expandable metallic stent for esophagorespiratory fistula associated with esophageal carcinoma

We report three cases of esophagorespiratory fistula associated with esophageal carcinoma successfully treated with esophageal stenting by using a covered self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS). All three cases had advanced esophageal carcinoma at middle thoracic esophagus with esophagorespiratory fistula at the level of esophageal carcinoma. Case 1 is a 58-year-old man who had lung abscess due to esophagopulmonary fistula caused after induction chemoradiotherapy. He underwent a surgical resection of the affected lung and intraoperative esophageal stenting with dietary intake starting on day 26 after stenting. Case 2 is a 60-year-old man with esophagopulmonary fistula caused after primary chemotherapy. He started to take an oral intake on day 3 after esophageal stenting. Case 3 is a 68-year-old man with esophagobronchial fistula detected at the first medical examination. He started to take an oral diet on day 7 after esophageal stenting. All three cases had a rapid improvement of respiratory symptoms, pneumonia and malnutrition by esophageal stenting leading to marked improvement of impaired general condition. Esophageal stenting is a useful method for palliation of esophageal carcinoma with respiratory fistula.     

Complication after self expandable metallic stent for esophageal cancer

Major complications after placement of esophageal stent and airway stent were reviewed and evaluated. Four patients, including two patients with perforations and two patients with fistula formation, developed major complications after placement of a self expandable metallic stent. Two patients underwent additional radiation to improve stricture after stent placement. In one patient, stent placement was selected to improve esophageal stricture that occurred after radical radiation therapy. In one patient, migration of stent into the lesion caused a perforation. It can be concluded that additional radiation after stent placement increases the risk of complication. Stent migration also can lead to the risk of perforation.     

带膜支架在食管恶性狭窄治疗中的应用

目的评价带膜支架治疗食管恶性狭窄的临床应用价值。方法对70例食管恶性狭窄患者在X线电视监视下置入带膜支架,其中单纯食管恶性狭窄64例、狭窄合并食管-支气管瘘5例、狭窄合并食管-纵隔瘘1例。结果全组70例中,69例置入成功,1例下胸段食管癌因患有胃扭转,置入支架失败。手术成功率为98.57%。结论带膜支架在治疗食管恶性狭窄、食管瘘方面简单易行、疗效可靠。     

自膨式金属内支架在恶性食管梗阻中的临床应用

目的：评价自膨式金属内支架（SEMS）治疗恶性食管梗阻的疗效。方法：38例恶性食管狭窄患者在荧光屏监视下置入42枚支架,包括带膜支架和裸露支架,国产支架和进口支架。结果：42例支架均一次性置入成功,技术成功率100％。术后患者吞咽困难及生活质量明显改善,未发生严重的并发症。结论：自膨式金属内支架缓解食管梗阻简单、快速、安全、有效。     

内镜下射频结合食道支架治疗食管恶性梗阻的临床分析

目的：探索经内镜射频、扩张结合食道支架治疗食管恶性梗阻的临床应用价值。方法：在内镜直视下,运用射频电极、扩张器和食道支架对食道癌术后复发病灶和晚期食道癌所致管腔狭窄进行治疗。25例食道恶性梗阻内镜不能通过患者,其中18例患者经过1次射频治疗后胃镜顺利通过狭窄口,后再行食道支架置人;7例患者经过2次射频治疗后食道管腔变宽但胃镜仍不能通过,予扩张后行食道支架置入。结果：25例患者随访1—12个月,无严重并发症,所有患者经治疗后营养迅速恢复,停止静脉补液。结论：经内镜下射频、扩张结合食道支架置入术是食道恶性梗阻较理想的姑息治疗方法,且设备价廉,操作简单,安全性高,易于推广应用。     

国产不同类型食管内支架的临床应用

背景与目的：食管癌患者临床表现以吞咽困难为主。食管支架置入术是解决患者吞咽困难的一种有效方法。食管内支架种类较多,本研究通过对国产“Z”型食管内支架与镍钛合金网状编织型支架及被覆支架与非被覆支架的对比观察,探讨不同类型食管内支架在治疗食管恶性狭窄中的临床应用价值。方法：给40例食管癌患者置入不同类型食管内支架,其中“Z”型不锈钢支架13例,镍钛合金网状编织型支架27例;被覆支架24例,非被覆支架16例。支架置入前均未用球囊扩张。结果：40例食管支架均一次性成功置入,无并发症。“Z”型不锈钢支架术中即刻张开,术后均有明显胸痛,持续10～20天。镍钛合金网状编织型支架术中虽未能完全张开,术后1～3天可逐渐张开,术后9例有胸痛,持续3～5天,其中采用被覆支架者7例,采用非被覆支架者2例。9例伴有食管气管瘘者瘘口封堵完全。无食管气管瘘者置入的被覆支架与扩张的食管壁之间有钡剂潴留。结论：镍钛合金网状编织型支架的临床适应性优于“Z”型不锈钢支架,对于合并食管气管瘘的患者应选用被覆支架,对于无合并食管气管瘘的患者,非被覆支架优于被覆支架。支架置入术前可不必球囊扩张。     

内镜下放置覆膜食管支架治疗晚期食管癌癌性梗阻成功植入率的分析

目的探究内镜下放置覆膜食管支架治疗晚期食管癌癌性梗阻成功植入率的影响。方法选取75例晚期食管癌癌性梗阻患者,进行内镜下放置覆膜食管支架治疗方法,作为观察组,选取同期放弃内镜治疗的30例患者,作为对照组,进行回顾性分析。观察患者的支架置入成功率和并发症发生情况,生存期以及生存质量情况。结果采用内镜下放置覆膜食管支架治疗的患者成功植入率为97. 33%,患者吞咽困难问题得到明显缓解。进行内镜下放置覆膜食管支架治疗的观察组,6个月、12个月和18个月的累积生存率分别为98. 67%、89. 33%、69. 33%,放弃内镜治疗的观察组分别为53. 3%、36. 67%、23. 33%,两组存在明显差异(P <0. 05),具有统计学意义。观察组的生存质量评分(QOL)明显高于对照组,两组存在明显差异(P <0. 05),具有统计学意义。结论内镜下放置覆膜食管支架治疗晚期食管癌癌性梗阻成功植入率高,能够明显改善患者的症状,提高近期生存率和生存质量。     

全程内镜直视下扩张置管术治疗食管狭窄

目的为提高食管狭窄病人的生存质量,延长生存期。方法采用全程内镜直视下扩张置管术治疗狭窄18例。结果晚期食管癌、贲门癌9例,合并食管-气管瘘4例;食管、贲门癌术后6例;食管痛放疗后狭窄2例;喉癌术后喉瘘1例,均置管成功。5例合并瘘管的病人置管后即刻达到阻瘘目的。术后发生支架移位1例;食物嵌顿1例。吞咽困难均得到明显改善。结论全程内镜下扩张置管术较X线下置管术具有操作简便,置管准确,扩张效果好的优势。     

食管内支架对恶性食管梗阻的疗效评价

对 72例恶性食管梗阻且不能耐受剖胸手术的患者置入食管内支架治疗。男 5 6例 ,女 16例 ,中位年龄 63岁。其中食管癌 5 5例 (合并食管气管瘘 3例 ) ,胃底、贲门癌 13例 ,肺癌并气管食管瘘 4例。结果所有内支架开放良好 ,吞咽困难计分提高 2分 ;主要并发症为胸骨后不适与胸痛 ,占 5 2 8% ( 3 8/ 72 )。初步研究结果提示 ,食管内支架能有效改善恶性食管梗阻及食管气管瘘的呛咳症状。     

晚期食管癌附膜金属内支架置入对放疗后穿孔的预防和治疗价值

目的　通过回顾研究 ,比较附膜金属内支架置入结合放疗和单纯放疗治疗晚期食道癌所致食道穿孔的发生率。评价附膜金属内支架置入对放疗后食道穿孔的预防和治疗价值。方法　 1996年 6月～ 2 0 0 0年 6月 ,97例晚期食管癌患者中 ,5 2例单纯行放射治疗 ,45例行附膜金属内支架置入结合放疗。治疗前均行食道吞钡检查 ,部分病例行食道镜检查 ,并取得组织学诊断。对支架置入前后的吞咽能力进行评分。对放疗后食道穿孔的发生率进行对比分析。结果　 5 2例单纯放疗病人有 7例发生食道穿孔 ,其中食道气管瘘 2例、食道纵隔瘘 4例、1例食道主动脉穿孔 ,后者因迅速出血性休克而死亡。 45例附膜金属内支架置入结合放疗的病人未见食道穿孔的现象发生 (其中包括 5例放疗穿孔后再行附膜支架置入的病人 )。 45例病人共置入 5 1个支架 ,其中 6例需置入 2个支架。在支架置入后吞咽功能均立即获得改善。结论　晚期食道癌附膜金属内支架置入对放疗后穿孔的预防和治疗作用是肯定的。     

Airway stenting for malignant respiratory complications in esophageal cancer

Airway stenting is required for the palliative treatment of advanced esophageal cancer. This study retrospectively analyzes the outcomes of airway stenting for esophageal cancer at our institution. Data from nine patients who underwent airway stenting were reviewed. All patients had poor respiratory status due to esophagorespiratory fistula and/or respiratory stenosis. We retrospectively assessed the results of airway stenting as five grades of respiratory symptoms, regarding stent-related complications and clinical course and survival. Six silicone and six covered self-expandable metallic stents were deployed in five and six patients, respectively. Two types of airway stents were deployed in two patients, and double stents were positioned in the airway and in the esophagus of three other patients. The grade of respiratory symptoms improved in seven patients. The mean dyspnea grade was 3.0±0.9 and 1.3±1.3 before and after airway stenting, respectively. Stent-related complications comprised of chest pain, incomplete closure of the ERF, sputum retention and stent migration. The mean±SD survival of all patients was 103±108 (range, 0 to 325) days, and the survival of patients without relapsed cancer at the time of stenting, who underwent cancer-specific therapy after stenting, was prolonged. Although the airway should be stented according to the status and the prognosis of each patient individually stenting can relieve symptoms and improve the prognosis even when esophageal cancer is at very advanced stages. Airway stenting could play a role in the multidisciplinary management of advanced esophageal cancer.