多层面螺旋CT对肝移植术后肝动脉狭窄肝灌注的研究

目的　利用动态单层CT扫描对原位肝移植术后肝动脉狭窄肝灌注与未行肝移植、无肝脏病变者进行比较。资料与方法　对 30例肝移植术后肝动脉狭窄患者选取肝门 (包括肝、门静脉、主动脉和脾 )层面行动态单层CT扫描。高压注射器经肘静脉注射非离子型对比剂欧乃派克 4 0ml,流率 3ml/s,注射对比剂时即进行扫描 ,每间隔1s扫 1层 ,共扫描 35层。通过每一层面选定的ROI作CT值测量 ,绘制出时间 密度曲线 ,从而计算出相应灌注值并与未行肝移植、无肝脏病变者进行对照。结果　肝移植术后肝动脉狭窄 <5 0 %组 ,肝动脉灌注 (t=0 .5 ,P >0 .0 5 )、门静脉灌注 (t=1 ,P >0 .0 5 )与对照组间无显著差异 ;肝动脉狭窄≥ 5 0 % ,肝动脉灌注与对照组存在差异 (t =2 .1 4 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ,低于对照组 ,门静脉灌注与对照组有差异 (t=2 .6 3,P <0 .0 5 ) ,高于对照组。结论　肝移植术后肝动脉狭窄≥ 5 0 % ,肝动脉灌注降低而门静脉灌注升高。动态单层CT扫描对于评价肝移植术后肝脏灌注是有帮助的     

慢性终末期肝病肝移植后肝脏血流动力学的CT灌注成像评价

目的　通过对比慢性终末期肝病在肝移植后与正常人群肝脏灌注参数的差异 ,评价CT灌注成像在肝移植术后肝脏血流动力学的价值。进一步了解慢性终末期肝病肝移植后血流动力学变化的规律。资料与方法　通过单层螺旋CT测得 9例慢性终末期肝病肝移植后 (术后 12～ 2 0d)和 13例正常人群的肝脏灌注参数 (肝动脉灌注量、门静脉灌注量、总灌注量以及肝动脉灌注指数 )。并统计分析两组数据之间的差异。结果　肝移植组和对照组的灌注参数分别是 :肝动脉灌注量 :(0 .3831± 0 .175 4 )ml·min-1·ml-1和 (0 .2 82 7± 0 .0 971)ml·min-1·ml-1;门静脉灌注量 :(1.5 76 3± 0 .4 5 4 0 )ml·min-1·ml-1和 (1.1885± 0 .3899)ml·min-1·ml-1;肝总灌注量 :(1.95 94± 0 .5 72 7)ml·min-1·ml-1和 (1.4 712± 0 .4 4 5 1)ml·min-1·ml-1;肝动脉灌注指数 :HIP 19.5 1%和 18.97%。对比对照组 ,肝移植组门静脉和总灌注量明显上升 (P =0 .0 4 4和 0 .0 36 )。结论　在慢性终末期肝病肝移植后早期 ,门静脉和总灌注量呈现明显上升趋势。肝动脉灌注量变化不明显 ,但其个体间变化增大 ,提示在术后早期肝动脉灌注量存在不稳定的变化过程。     

双源CT灌注成像在活体肝移植后对移植肝的评价作用

 目的 探讨双源CT灌注成像在活体肝移植后对移植肝的评价作用。方法 招募解放军总医院第三医学中心2013-06至2018-11进行活体肝移植术后1个月经超声及CTA检查肝动脉无狭窄患者25例;术后3个月患者61例,其中肝动脉无狭窄25例,轻度狭窄13例,中度狭窄12例,重度狭窄11例;同时收集同时期因怀疑有肝脏肿瘤行CT灌注扫描,后经临床及影像证实无肿瘤的患者(25例)作为对照组。上述所有研究对象均行双源CT全肝灌注成像检查并测量肝动脉灌注量(hepatic artery perfusion,HAP)、门静脉灌注量(portal vein perfusion, PVP)、肝总灌注量(total liver perfusion, TLP)及肝动脉灌注指数(hepatic perfusion index, HPI)。同时补充检测肝动脉狭窄人群的谷丙转氨酶(alanine transaminase, ALT)。结果 与对照组人群[(0.28±0.13) ml/(min·ml)]相比,肝移植术后1个月无肝动脉狭窄人群HAP[(0.36±0.17) ml/(min·ml)]显著增高(P<0.05),术后3个月中度及重度肝动脉狭窄人群HAP显著降低[(0.12±0.09)ml/(min·ml),(0.06±0.03) ml/(min·ml),P<0.05]。中度及重度肝动脉狭窄人群HPI较对照组显著降低(0.07±0.05、0.03±0.02 vs. 0.23±0.16, P<0.05)。重度肝动脉狭窄人群PVP较对照组显著升高[(1.81±0.36)ml/(min·ml) vs. (1.23±0.62) ml/(min·ml),P<0.05])。在肝动脉狭窄患者中,ALT对数与HAP对数成线性相关。结论 双源CT能对活体肝移植患者术后的移植肝进行血流灌注评价,能够为临床提供更为精准的信息,提高患者后续治疗的准确性。     

肝脏灌注成像的CT扫描方法及应用价值

目的:探讨单层CT动态增强扫描测定肝硬化肝脏血流量的扫描方法及其应用价值。方法:15例经临床、实验室及B超检查诊断为肝硬化的患者,其中ChildB级患者10例,ChildC级患者5例。对照组为13例无肝脏疾病的患者。所有患者均选取同时含有肝脏、脾脏、主动脉和门静脉的层面进行单层CT动态增强扫描,绘制感兴趣区时间密度曲线,计算各血流灌注参数。结果:单层CT动态增强扫描测量肝组织的肝动脉灌注量(HAP)、门静脉灌注量(PVP)、总肝血流量(THBF)和肝动脉灌注指数(HPI)。正常组的HAP、PVP、THBF和HPI分别为(0.28±0.10)ml/min·ml、(1.18±0.40)ml/min·ml、(1.46±0.44)ml/min·ml和(19.73±5.81)%;肝硬化组的HAP、PVP、THBF和HPI分别为(0.23±0.11)ml/min·ml、(0.61±0.25)ml/min·ml、(0.84±0.32)ml/min·ml和(27.16±12.75)%。结论:肝脏单层CT灌注成像,可定量测定各项肝脏血流灌注参数,对肝硬化患者的量化诊断有一定的参考价值。     

CT灌注成像对肝硬化血流动力学的临床研究

目的　采用单层CT动态成像测定肝脏血流量 ,研究肝硬化程度与肝脏血流量动态变化的关系。方法　对 2 7例肝硬化患者及 13例对照者选取同时含有肝脏、脾脏、主动脉和门静脉的层面进行单层CT动态增强扫描 ,绘制感兴趣区时间 密度曲线 ,计算肝脏血流量各参数。结果　正常组肝动脉灌注量为 (0 2 82 3± 0 0 96 9)ml·min-1·ml-1,门静脉灌注量为 (1 1788± 0 4 0 0 4 )ml·min-1·ml-1,总肝血流量为 (1 4 5 6 3± 0 4 4 39)ml·min-1·ml-1,肝动脉灌注指数为 (19 73± 5 81) %。肝硬化程度不同时 ,肝动脉灌注量、门静脉灌注量、肝脏总血流量及肝动脉灌注指数变化间差异存在显著性意义。ChildA、B级患者肝动脉灌注量 [(0 16 85± 0 10 6 8)ml·min-1·ml-1,(0 192 1± 0 0 986 )ml·min-1·ml-1]降低 ,而ChildC级患者肝动脉灌注量 [(0 30 72± 0 114 5 )ml·min-1·ml-1]比ChildA、B级患者增加 ,肝动脉灌注指数 [(37 4 8± 16 6 5 ) % ]也增加。ChildB、C级患者门静脉灌注量 [(0 6 331± 0 2 0 70 )ml·min-1·ml-1,(0 5 70 2± 0 35 6 2 )ml·min-1·ml-1]及总肝血流量 [(0 82 5 2± 0 2 95 2 )ml·min-1·ml-1,(0 8774± 0 4 118)ml·min-1·ml-1]下降。结论　肝脏CT灌注成像可定量测     

肝动脉栓塞术前、后肝脏血流动力学的实验研究

目的采用CT灌注成像及多普勒血流计测定肝脏血流量,研究肝动脉栓塞术对肝脏血流动力学的影响。材料与方法10头猪麻醉后,行肝左动脉栓塞术。于肝左动脉栓塞术前及术后,采用CT灌注成像测定肝右叶肝动脉灌注量（HAP）、门静脉灌注量（PVP）、总肝血流量（THBF）、肝动脉灌注指数（HPI）,采用多普勒血流计分别测定肝门静脉、肝固有动脉、肝左动脉及肝右动脉血流量,并进行对比分析。结果肝左动脉栓塞术前和术后肝脏右叶HAP、PVP、THBF及HPI分别为0．3376ml·min^-1·ml^-1和0．4023ml·min^-1·ml^-1、0．9237ml·min^-1·ml^-1和0．8263ml·min^-1·ml^-1、1．2613ml·min^-1·ml^-1和1．2286ml·min^-1·ml^-1、26．80％和32．74％;肝左动脉栓塞术前和术后肝门静脉、肝固有动脉、肝左动脉、肝右动脉血流量分别为793．04ml／min和987．6ml／min、316．59ml／min和188．90ml／min、164．10ml／min和10．13ml／min、158．83ml／min和186．64ml／min。与肝左动脉栓塞术前相比,栓塞术后肝右动脉血流量及灌注量增加,肝门静脉的血流灌注量减少;术后肝固有动脉血流量明显减少;肝门静脉血流量明显增加,具有统计学意义;随着肝动脉栓塞面积增加,门静脉血流灌注量逐渐增加。结论CT灌注成像可准确地定量测量肝脏血流量;肝动脉栓塞术后,通过肝动脉缓冲效应,门静脉血流量增加,维持全肝血流量基本平衡。     

CT灌注成像在经颈静脉肝内门体分流术中的应用

目的 运用螺旋CT灌注成像评价经颈静脉肝内门体分流 (TIPSS)术后肝脏血流灌注的变化.资料与方法 对15例行TIPSS治疗的肝硬化门脉高压症患者分别于手术前2天和术后1周行螺旋CT单层肝脏动态增强扫描,比较手术前后肝脏灌注参数的变化.结果 TIPSS术前门静脉灌注量(PVP)、肝动脉灌注量(HAP)、总肝灌注量(TLP)和肝动脉灌注指数(HPI)分别为(0.58±0.23) ml·min-1·ml-1、(0.14±0.13) ml·min-1·ml-1、(0.72±0.17) ml·min-1·ml-1和(24.0±10.2)%;TIPSS术后则分别为(0.15±0.04)ml·min-1·ml-1、(0.28±0.05) ml·min-1·ml-1、(0.43±0.07) ml·min-1·ml-1和(64.1±13.9)%;TIPSS术前后肝功能、血氨、门静脉自由压(PFP)等指标组间比较有统计学差异.结论 螺旋CT灌注成像能客观评价肝硬化门脉高压症TIPSS术前后肝血流动力学的变化.     

使用MSCT灌注法研究受体肝多期扫描的最佳延迟时间

目的：探讨64层螺旋CT灌注方法在确定肝移植受体肝脏多期增强扫描最佳延迟时间中的应用价值。方法：选取拟接受肝移植术患者25例（男17例、女8例）,采用5ml／s的注射流率经外周静脉注入对比剂50m,行肝门层面同层动态扫描。运用CT灌注的后处理方式绘制腹主动脉、门静脉强化的时间-密度曲线,获得肝动脉、门静脉的强化峰值及其达峰时间并行统计学分析。结果：腹主动脉平均最大强化值（288±20．14）HU、平均达峰时间（18．48±1．046）s,门脉主干平均最大强化值（135．12±24．91）HU、平均达峰时间（35．36±2．139）s,门脉达峰后平台期持续时间19．5s。结论：64层螺旋CT灌注方法可以用于确定肝移植受体肝脏多期增强扫描的最佳延迟时间。分别为动脉早期18s,动脉晚期35s,门脉期50s,延迟期85s。其中动脉晚期结合肝脏延迟期扫描有利于肝内富血供病灶的检出和定性诊断。     

肝脓肿的多层螺旋CT表现及临床价值(附20例分析)

目的　探讨肝脓肿在多层螺旋CT(MSCT)双期或 /和三期 (动脉期、门静脉期、延迟期 )增强扫描的表现及临床价值 ,特别是在动脉期的表现。方法　观察 2 0例经手术或穿刺证实的肝脓肿在多层螺旋CT双期或 /和三期扫描在动脉期与门静脉期的CT表现 ,特别是在动脉期的表现。动脉期是在注射造影剂后 2 5s开始扫描 ,门静脉期是 65s开始扫描 ,延迟是 5min开始扫描 ,每期全肝扫描所用时间为 8～ 10s。结果　 ( 1)动脉期表现 :肝内低密度或略低密度灶周围肝组织强化明显 ,而病灶本身或边缘无明显强化或轻度强化。 ( 2 )门静脉期表现 :a、环靶征 ;b、环状征 ;C、花瓣征 ;d、分房状征。 ( 3)延迟期表现 :病灶缩小或不变 ,水肿带消失或模糊。结论　多层螺旋CT双期或三期扫描充分反映了肝脓肿的病理变化 ,对早期诊断肝脓肿及鉴别诊断有重要价值     

肝脏CT灌注成像技术及其在肝硬化中的初步应用

目的　采用单层CT动态成像测定肝脏血流量 ,探讨CT灌注成像测定肝血流量的技术原理。资料与方法　 15例经临床及实验室、B超检查诊断为肝硬化患者 ,其中ChildB级者 10例 ,ChildC级者 5例。对照组为 13例无肝脏疾病者。所有患者均选取同时含有肝脏、脾脏、主动脉和门静脉的层面进行单层CT动态增强扫描 ,绘制感兴趣区时间 密度曲线计算肝脏血流量各参数。结果　正常组肝动脉灌注量 (HAP)为 0 .2 82 3± 0 .0 96 9ml·min-1·ml-1,门静脉灌注量 (PVP)为 (1.1788± 0 .4 0 0 4 )ml·min-1·ml-1,总肝血流量 (THBF)为 (1.4 5 6 3± 0 .4 4 39)ml·min-1·ml-1,肝动脉灌注指数 (HPI)为 (19.73± 5 .81) %。肝硬化时PVP为 (0 .6 12 1± 0 .2 5 4 4 )ml·min-1·ml-1,较正常组降低 ;THBF也减低 ,为 (0 .84 2 6± 0 .32 4 2 )ml·min-1·ml-1。肝硬化患者的HPI较正常组略有升高 ,为 (2 7.16±12 .75 ) % ,但无统计学差异 (P =0 .0 6 5 )。结论　肝脏CT灌注成像可定量测定肝脏血流量参数     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.