白芍总甙对大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞化学发光的影响

本文采用正交设计L_(25)~((5)4)对影响大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞(PMφ)鲁米诺依赖的化学发光(LDCL)实验因素—鲁米诺浓度、细胞浓度、酵母多糖浓度、酵母多糖调理时间等进行了探讨,表明其最佳反应组合水平为:100μmol/L—5×10~6/ml—10g/L—45min大鼠腹腔Mφ在有或无白芍总甙(TGP)的条件下体外培养12h,用上述各因素的亚适水平进行LDCL测定,结果表明,TGP在0.09—2.25mg/L范围内可浓度依赖性地增加Mφ的LDCL强度,当TGP浓度增至11.25mg/L时,CL降低,量效曲线呈钟罩形趋势,提示该药对LDCL的影响有双向作用。     

黄芪皂苷Ⅳ对小鼠T、B淋巴细胞增殖和腹腔巨噬细胞功能的影响

目的：探讨黄芪皂苷Ⅳ（ASI）对小鼠T,B淋巴细胞增殖和腹腔巨噬细胞分泌的细胞因子的影响。方法：采用MTT法检测T,B淋巴细胞的增殖;采用分光光度计测定法检测抗体活性;IL－1活性用胸腺细胞增殖法测定;TNF－α活性用L9292细胞杀伤法测定。结果：1）ASI50－200mg/kg ig7天能够促进T淋巴细胞增殖和抗体生成,而ASI50－100mg/kg 能够促进B淋巴细胞增殖,但是200mg/kg对B淋巴细胞增殖无影响;（2）ASI体外仅在200nmol/L对T,B淋巴细胞有促进作用;（3）ASI 1nmol/L可以促进腹腔巨噬细胞分泌IL－1,而100－1000nmol/L则抑制腹腔巨噬细胞分泌IL－1;（4）ASI体外可以抑制LPS刺激或无LPS刺激下的腹腔巨噬细胞分泌TNF－α。结论：ASI能够促进小鼠T,B淋巴细胞的增殖和抗体生成,同时可以抑制腹腔巨噬细胞体内分泌IL－1和TNF－α。     

复方黄芪提取物对细菌脂多糖诱导大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞分泌TNFα、NO及IL-1的影响

目的研究复方黄芪提取物(CAE)对细菌脂多糖诱导大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞(PMΦs)释放肿瘤坏死因子((TNFα)、白细胞介素-1(IL-1)及一氧化氮(NO)的影响。方法10 mg/L LPS体外诱导大鼠PMΦs分泌TNFα、IL-1与NO等因子,采用小鼠成纤维细胞瘤株(L929)杀伤法检测TNFα的含量、小鼠胸腺细胞增殖法检测IL-1的活性、G riess法检测NO的水平。结果CAE(11.3~90 mg.L-1)能显著抑制LPS激活的巨噬细胞对TNFα、IL-1与NO的分泌。结论CAE抑制巨噬细胞的分泌功能可能是其保肝作用的机制之一。     

褪黑素及松果腺培养上清对大鼠巨噬细胞产生IL-1的影响

采用小鼠胸腺细胞增殖法观察了褪黑素(MT)及松果腺培养上清对PMФ产生IL-1的影响。结果表明,MT对MФ产生IL-1无直接影响,但MT(0.1～1μmol/L)可促进脂多糖(LPS)诱导大鼠PMФIL-1的产生。松果腺不同时间培养上清(30,60,120min)对LPS诱导PMФIL-1的产生均有不同程度的促进作用,其中以60min培养上清作用最强(1/45),可能与MT含量多少有关。本研究结果提示,LPS激活的MФ可能是MT作用的靶细胞之一。     

儿茶素对环磷酰胺诱导小鼠迟发性超敏反应的影响*

目的:研究儿茶素对环磷酰胺诱导小鼠迟发性超敏反应的影响。方法:以2,4-二硝基氯苯(DNCB)诱导小鼠迟发性超敏反应(DTH),致敏后立即腹腔注射(ip)环磷酰胺(Cy)125 mg.kg-1和致敏前3 d ip Cy 250mg.kg-1分别诱导小鼠降低和增强的DTH反应,用耳肿胀度、胸腺指数和脾指数作为主要检测指标。以ConA诱导胸腺T淋巴细胞,观察不同剂量或浓度的儿茶素体内外对胸腺T淋巴细胞增殖和IL-2生成的影响。MTT法检测胸腺T淋巴细胞增殖,ConA诱导的胸腺T淋巴细胞培养上清中IL-2活性检测采用活化的小鼠胸腺细胞MTT比色法。结果:于致敏前3 d灌胃儿茶素30,60,120 mg.kg-1.d-1,连续7 d,在Cy诱导的DTH反应降低小鼠模型,儿茶素在60,120 mg.kg-1剂量可显著上调其低下的耳肿胀度、胸腺和脾指数,并上调胸腺T淋巴细胞增殖反应以及产生的IL-2水平;在Cy诱导的DTH反应增强小鼠模型,儿茶素60,120 mg.kg-1可显著下调其增高的耳肿胀、胸腺和脾指数,儿茶素30,60,120 mg.kg-1可显著抑制其增强的胸腺T淋巴细胞增殖反应以及产生的IL-2水平。儿茶素体外在25~200 mg.L-1浓度时能增强Cy诱导的DTH反应降低的小鼠胸腺T淋巴细胞增殖和IL-2水平;儿茶素在12.5~200 mg.L-1浓度时能降低Cy诱导的DTH反应增强的小鼠胸腺T淋巴细胞增殖和IL-2水平。结论:儿茶素对小鼠的细胞免疫具有调节作用。     

黄芪皂甙Ⅳ对小鼠T、B淋巴细胞增殖和腹腔巨噬细胞功能的影响(英文)

目的:探讨黄芪皂苷Ⅳ(ASI)对小鼠T、B淋巴细胞增殖和腹腔巨噬细胞分泌的细胞因子的影响.方法:采用MTT法检测T、B淋巴细胞的增殖;采用分光光度计测定法检测抗体活性;IL-1活性用胸腺细胞增殖法测定;TNF-α活性用L929细胞杀伤法测定.结果:1)ASI50-200mg/kg ig 7天能够促进T淋巴细胞增殖和抗体生成,而ASI 50-100mg/kg能够促进B淋巴细胞增殖,但是220mg/kg对B淋巴细胞增殖无影响;2)ASI体外仅在100nmol/L对T、B淋巴细胞有促进作用;3)ASI 1 nmol/L可以促进腹腔巨噬细胞分泌IL-1,而100-1000nmol/L则抑制腹腔巨噬细胞分泌IL-1;4)ASI体外可以抑制LPS刺激或无LPS刺激下的腹腔巨噬细胞分泌TNF-α.结论:ASI能够促进小鼠T、B淋巴细胞的增殖和抗体生成,同时可以抑制腹腔巨噬细胞体外分泌IL-1和TNF-α.     

褪黑素对淋巴细胞功能的影响

本文采用~3H-TdR掺入法和ConA活化脾细胞检测IL-2的方法观察了松果腺褪黑素(MT)对ConA和LPS诱导小鼠脾T_1,B淋巴细胞增殖反应及ConA诱导大鼠脾淋巴细胞产生IL-2的影响。结果表明,MT0.01～1μmol/L和0.01～10μmol/L分别促进ConA和LPS诱导小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖反应,ATl～10μmol/L对ConA诱导大鼠脾淋巴细胞产生IL-2亦有促进作用,但MT对未经ConA或LPS活化的淋巴细胞功能则无明显影响,提示丝裂原活化的淋巴细胞可能是MT作用的靶细胞之     

木瓜苷对环磷酰胺增强的小鼠接触性超敏反应的影响(英文)

目的　探讨胸腺在环磷酰胺 (Cy)增强的小鼠接触性超敏反应 (CHS)中的作用及木瓜苷 (GCS)对胸腺T淋巴细胞亚型的影响。方法　采用了 2 ,4 二硝基氟苯 (DNFB)诱导小鼠CHS模型及Cy诱导小鼠增强CHS模型 ,检测ConA诱导的小鼠脾脏T淋巴细胞增殖、胸腺T淋巴细胞亚型和ConA诱导的胸腺T淋巴细胞培养上清中TGF β1,IL 4和IL 2水平。结果　小鼠CHS模型中 ,ConA诱导的脾淋巴细胞增殖增强 ,CD4 +CD8+双阳性胸腺T淋巴细胞比例增加 ,胸腺细胞产生的Th1和Th3型细胞因子IL 2和TGF β1水平增高而Th2型细胞因子IL 4水平降低。DNFB初次致敏前 3d腹腔注射Cy (2 5 0mg·kg- 1)可以增强CHS反应。GCS(12 0和 2 4 0mg·kg- 1)连续灌胃 12d可以提升Cy增强的小鼠CHS胸腺T淋巴细胞中CD4 - CD8- 和CD4 +CD8- 细胞比例 ,降低CD4 +CD8+细胞比例 ;并提高胸腺淋巴细胞培养上清中IL 4水平 ,降低IL 2和TGF β1水平。结论　GCS对Cy增强的小鼠CHS有明显抑制作用 ;可有效调节小鼠胸腺CD4 /CD8和Th 淋巴细胞亚群及细胞因子产生平衡。     

重组人内抑素对大鼠佐剂性关节炎的影响

目的　观察重组人内抑素对大鼠佐剂性关节炎 (adju vantarthritis,AA)的影响及其作用机制。方法　用福氏完全佐剂 (CFA)诱导大鼠AA模型 ,MTT法检测脾淋巴细胞增殖反应 ,IL 1、IL 2活性的检测采用小鼠胸腺细胞增殖法 ,用放免法检测滑膜细胞培养上清液中IL 1和TNF α水平。结果　CFA致炎后d10 ,AA大鼠出现继发性炎症 ,给予不同剂量的内抑素 0 1、0 5、2 5mg·kg- 1·d- 1,sc ,连续 7d。结果发现 ,内抑素对AA大鼠的继发性足肿胀有抑制作用 ;进一步研究表明内抑素明显抑制AA大鼠过高的ConA诱导的脾细胞增殖反应 ,降低脾细胞IL 2的产生 ;对腹腔巨噬细胞(peritonealmacrophage ,PMΦ)产生过高的IL 1有抑制作用 ;另外 ,内抑素也可明显抑制AA大鼠滑膜细胞产生过高的IL 1和TNF水平。结论　重组人内抑素对AA大鼠具有治疗作用 ,其机制可能与其调节机体异常的免疫有关     

香菇多糖(KS-2)刺激小鼠免疫功能的实验研究

香菇多糖(KS—2)腹腔注射能明显增强小鼠脾抗体分泌细胞数(PFC),最佳给药剂量为100mg/kg,也可明显增强小鼠对BSA诱导的迟发型超敏反应性(DTH)。它在体外对ConA,LPS引起的小鼠淋巴细胞增殖反应无影响。     

白芍总甙对B淋巴细胞增殖和白介素1生成的调节作用

白芍总甙（ＴＧＰ）对脂多糖（ＬＰＳ）诱导的小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖反应的量效曲线呈钟形，用贴壁法除去脾细胞中巨噬细胞（ＭΦ）或加入１０μｍｏｌ·Ｌ１吲哚美辛（Ｉｎｄ）可使ＴＧＰ量效曲线的下降支消失，再加５％同系小鼠腹腔ＭΦ中或前列腺素Ｅ２（ＰＧＥ２）０．０２２０μｍｏｌ·Ｌ１可使量效曲线下降支再现．同步检测ＴＧＰ对ＬＰＳ诱导大鼠腹腔ＭΦ产生ＰＧＥ２与白介素１（ＩＬ１）．结果表明，ＴＧＰ０．５－３ｌ２．５μｇ·ｍＬ１对ＬＰＳ诱导的ＩＬ－１产生曲线呈钟形．而ＴＧＰＬＰＳ的ＰＧＥ２产生曲线呈浓度依赖性地增高；在１２．５－３１２．５μｇ·ｍＬＴＧＰ范围内，１０μｍｏｌ·Ｌ１Ｉｎｄ可使高浓度ＴＣＰＬＰＳ的ＩＬ－１释放曲线明显抬高。提示ＴＧＰ对ＬＰＳ诱导的Ｂ细胞增殖反应和ＩＬ－１诱生的负调节作用都与其促进ＭΦ释放ＰＧＥ２有关．     

白芍总甙、芍药甙和白芍总甙去除芍药甙对佐剂性关节炎大鼠的免疫调节作用

福氏完全佐剂致炎后ｄ１８，佐剂性关节炎（ＡＡ）大鼠刀豆素Ａ（３ｍｇ·Ｌ－１）诱导的脾淋巴细胞增殖反应显著低于正常对照水平，脂多糖（６ｍｇ·Ｌ－１）诱导的大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞（ＰＭΦｓ）产生ＩＬ－１显著高于正常对照大鼠。０．５～３１２．５ｍｇ·Ｌ－１白芍总甙（ＴＧＰ）、芍药甙（ＰＦ）和白芍总甙去除芍药甙（ＴＧＰ－ＰＦ）均能浓度依赖性地增强ＡＡ大鼠低下的脾淋巴细胞增殖反应（量效曲线均呈钟罩形），降低ＡＡ大鼠ＰＭΦｓ过度产生ＩＬ－１（量效曲线均呈倒钟罩形）。其中，２．５～６２．５ｍｇ·Ｌ－１ＴＧＰ的调节作用显著强于ＰＦ和ＴＧＰ－ＰＦ各等剂量组。这些结果表明，上述三种药物均具有浓度和机能依赖性的双向免疫调节作用，ＴＧＰ的作用最强。     

白芍总甙对白细胞介素-2产生的影响

白芍总甙(0.5～62.5mg/L)对ConA(3mg/L)诱导的大鼠脾细胞产生白细胞介素-2具有双向调节作用。同时用活化小鼠脾细胞检测了ConA诱导大鼠脾细胞产生白细胞介素-2的纯度,表明,主要以白细胞介素-2为主。     

Rapamycin ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting IL-1β and IL-18 production

Interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 play central and detrimental roles in the development of acute lung injury (ALI), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is involved in regulating IL-1β and IL-18 production. However, it is not clear whether the mTOR specific inhibitor rapamycin can attenuate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI by modulating IL-1β and IL-18 production. In this study, we found that rapamycin ameliorated LPS-induced ALI by inhibiting NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-mediated IL-1β and IL-18 secretion. Mechanistically, elevated autophagy and decreased nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation were associated with downregulated IL-1β and IL-18. Moreover, rapamycin reduced leukocyte infiltration in the lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and contributed to the alleviation of LPS-induced ALI. Consistently, rapamycin also significantly inhibited IL-1β and IL-18 production by RAW264.7 cells via increased autophagy and decreased NF-κB signaling in vitro. Our results demonstrated that rapamycin protects mice against LPS-induced ALI partly by inhibiting the production and secretion of IL-1β and IL-18. mTOR and rapamycin might represent an appropriate therapeutic target and strategy for preventing ALI induced by LPS.     

Nitazoxanide suppresses IL-6 production in LPS-stimulated mouse macrophages and TG-injected mice

Suppression of interleukin (IL)-6 production has beneficial effects against various inflammatory diseases. Through a rapid screening system, we found that nitazoxanide, or 2-acetyloxy-N-(5-nitro-2-thiazolyl) benzamide, which is a well-known antiparasitic agent, suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of IL-6 from RAW 264.7 cells and mouse peritoneal macrophages, with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC(50)s) of 1.54 mM and 0.17 mM, respectively. Nitazoxanide also inhibited the LPS-induced expression of IL-6 mRNA in RAW 264.7 cells. To investigate the effects of nitazoxanide in vivo, we orally administered nitazoxanide at a dose of 100mg/kg to mice 2h before a 1-mL intraperitoneal injection of 4% thioglycollate (TG). Six hours after TG injection, plasma IL-6 levels were markedly lower (by 90%) than the levels in vehicle-treated mice. These data suggest that nitazoxanide could be a promising lead compound for agents against various diseases associated with overproduction of IL-6.     

白芍总甙对大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞产生肿瘤坏死因子的调节机制

目的：研究不同浓度白芍总甙（ＴＧＰ）调节大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞（ＭΦ）产生肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ）作用。方法：在ＭΦ培养系统中有或无环氧酶抑制剂和钙调蛋白抑制剂等工具药，测定４５Ｃａ内流、ＰＧＥ２和ＴＮＦ含量。结果：ＴＧＰ（０．５～１０ｍｇ·Ｌ－１）明显促进ＬＰＳ诱导ＭΦ的４５Ｃａ内流和ＴＮＦ产生。线性回归分析表明，４５Ｃａ内流和ＴＮＦ产生呈明显正相关。三氟拉嗪（４０μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１）可阻断ＴＧＰ促进ＬＰＳ诱导ＭΦ产生ＴＮＦ。ＴＧＰ－ＬＰＳ的ＴＮＦ释放曲线呈钟罩形，而ＴＧＰ－ＬＰＳ的ＰＧＥ２产生曲线呈浓度依赖性升高。当ＴＧＰ在低浓度（０．５～１２．５ｍｇ·Ｌ－１）时，ＴＮＦ与ＰＧＥ２产生明显正相关，而高浓度（１２．５～２５０ｍｇ·Ｌ－１）两者呈明显负相关。吲哚美辛（１０μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１）可使ＴＮＦ量效曲线下降支消失，而Ｎω亚硝基－Ｌ－精氨酸（１５μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１）对此无明显影响。结论：低浓度ＴＧＰ对ＴＮＦ产生上调作用可能与促进４５Ｃａ内流，提高钙调蛋白活性从而促进ＰＧＥ２分泌等有关，而高浓度下调作用是可能与ＭΦ自身产生大量ＰＧＥ２介导有关。     

IL-1beta genotype-related effect of prednisolone on IL-1beta production in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells under acute inflammation

Glucocorticoids such as prednisolone are used for their anti-inflammatory properties. But there is evidence to suggest that under certain conditions, glucocorticoids have pro-inflammatory effects, for example, enhancement of IL-1beta production. To date, it has been reported that IL-1beta production intensity was associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms at positions -1470, -511, and -31 in the promoter region and at position 3954 in exon 5 of the IL-1beta gene. In the present study, it was examined whether these IL-1beta genotypes were associated with the suppressive effect of prednisolone on IL-1beta production in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). A midrange concentration (10(-6) M) of prednisolone suppressed the LPS-induced increase in IL-1beta mRNA expression and protein release, while higher concentrations (10(-5) M, 10(-4) M) exhibited less suppression or had a synergistic stimulative effect on IL-1beta production in certain subjects. Under treatment with 10(-4) M prednisolone, the levels of IL-1beta protein production stimulated by LPS in PBMC extracted from the subjects with the IL-1beta TT(-31), TC(-31), and CC(-31) genotypes were suppressed to 6.0+/-3.4%, 31.4+/-57.0%, and 87.7+/-84.8%, respectively, of the level in prednisolone-untreated control cells (TT(-31) vs. CC(-31), p<0.05). Glucocorticoid-based anti-inflammatory therapy might be less effective in patients with the IL-1beta TC(-31) and CC(-31) genotypes than those with the TT(-31) genotype.     

P2 receptor blockade attenuates fever and cytokine responses induced by lipopolysaccharide in rats

Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) has been shown to induce release of cytokines implicated in fever, including interleukin(IL)-1beta, IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). The role of ATP-mediated purinergic signalling in fever and cytokine release during systemic inflammation was investigated by studying the effects of P2 receptor antagonists suramin, pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulphonic acid (PPADS), and Brilliant Blue G (BBG) on changes in body temperature and the increases in plasma levels of IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNFalpha induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rats. LPS (Escherichia coli; 50 microg kg(-1))-induced febrile response was attenuated by suramin (25 mg kg(-1) and 100 mg kg(-1)), PPADS (25 mg kg(-1)), and a more selective P2X(7) receptor antagonist BBG (100 mg kg(-1)) injected intraperitoneally before the induction of fever. The increase in plasma concentrations of IL-1beta and IL-6, measured 1 h after LPS treatment, was reduced by PPADS (25 mg kg(-1)) and BBG (100 mg kg(-1)). LPS-induced increase in plasma TNF-alpha concentration was also markedly attenuated by BBG (100 mg kg(-1)), but not by PPADS (25 mg kg(-1)). These data indicate that purinergic signalling plays an important role in the mechanisms responsible for the LPS-induced febrile response and increases in the levels of circulating cytokines. We suggest that ATP acting via P2X(7) receptors induces release of pyrogenic cytokines to mediate fever during systemic inflammation.     

The roots of Nardostachys jatamansi inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxin shock

Nardostachys jatamansi (NJ) has been used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. However, it is not clear how NJ produces anti-inflammatory effects. In the present study, using an experimental model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxin shock, the protective effects and mechanisms of action of NJ were investigated. The water extract of roots of NJ was administrated to mice orally (1, 5, and 10 mg/kg) 1 h after or before LPS challenge. The administration of NJ inhibited LPS-induced endotoxin shock and the production of inflammatory mediators, such as interleukin (IL)-1??, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-??, and interferon (IFN)-??/??. Murine peritoneal macrophages were used to determine the production of inflammatory mediators. In peritoneal macrophages, NJ also inhibited LPS-induced production of inflammatory mediators, such as IL-1??, IL-6, TNF-??, and IFN-??/??. In addition, NJ reduced the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the level of expression of interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-1 and IRF-7 mRNA. Furthermore, post-treatment with NJ reduced LPS-induced endotoxin shock and the production of inflammatory mediators. These results suggest that NJ inhibits endotoxin shock by inhibiting the production of IL-1??, IL-6, TNF-??, and IFN-??/?? through the inhibition of MAPKs activation and IRF induction.