Relationship between active school transport and body mass index in grades 4-to-6 children

The current investigation assessed the impact of active school transportation (AST) on average daily step counts, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference in 315 children in Grades 4-6 who participated to Cycle 2 of the Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy (CAPL) pilot testing. T-tests revealed a significant association between AST and lower BMI values (18.7 ± 3.3 vs. 19.9 ± 3.8 kg/m(2)). The active commuters accumulated an average of 662 more steps per day, and their waist circumference was lower by an average of 3.1 cm, but these differences were not statistically significant. ANCOVA analyses controlling for age and step counts, found trends toward lower BMI and waist circumference values among the active commuters. These results suggest that AST may be a valid strategy to prevent childhood obesity; further research is needed to determine more precisely the impact of AST on body composition, and the direction of the relationship.     

A prospective study of homocysteine and its relation to body mass index and lipid profile in school children

Objective

To study the serum Homocysteine levels in children and its relation with body mass index (BMI), lipid profile and plasma glucose.

Methods

138 children (age 5–15 y) were enrolled and categorized into normal, overweight and obese group. Blood homocysteine, lipid profile and plasma glucose were estimated.

Results

Out of 138 children, 46 (33%) were normal, 40 (29%) were overweight and 52 (38%) were obese. Hyper-homocysteinemia was found in 34 (24.6%) of children. None of the normal children had hyperhomocysteinemia in contrast to 15 (37.5%) in overweight and 19 (36.5%) in obese group (P=0.001).The median homocysteine levels in obese and overweight children was significantly higher compared to normal children (P=0.001).There was a positive correlation between BMI and homocysteine levels. There was no significant correlation between lipid profile and plasma glucose with homocysteine levels.

Conclusions

Serum homocysteine levels are significantly higher in both overweight and obese children compared to normal children.

     

青少年儿童体质指数与血压关系探讨

目的探讨青少年儿童体质指数（BMI）与血压的关系。方法测量7963例贵阳市两城区8～17岁青少年儿童的血压、身高、体重,按WGOC标准将受检对象分为超重、肥胖及正常体重组,分析比较各组血压值差异及血压值与BMI的关系。结果①不同BMI组间收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）均值都是肥胖组〉超重组〉正常体重组（P〈0.01）;②BMI与SBP、DBP呈显著正相关（r=0.520、0.365,P均〈0.01）;控制年龄、性别、身高影响的偏相关分析显示BMI与SBP、DBP呈独立正相关（r=0.390、0.210,P均〈0.01）;③不同BMI组间高血压患病率分别为24.49%、10.76%、2.65%,肥胖组〉超重组〉非超重组（P〈0.01）;④超重、肥胖青少年儿童的高血压发病危险是体重正常青少年儿童的4倍和9倍。结论青少年儿童的BMI与血压密切相关,应重视对超重、肥胖青少年的行为干预。     

Daily physical activity related to body fat in children aged 8-11 years

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between objectively measured daily physical activity and body fat. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional, observational, study of 248 children aged 7.9 to 11.1 years. Abdominal fat mass and total body fat mass were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Daily physical activity was assessed by accelerometers for 4 days. RESULTS: Total body fat expressed as a percentage of body mass was inversely related to minutes of vigorous physical activity per day, for all children r = -0.38 (P < .05). Children, both boys and girls, in the highest quartile of body fat performed on average 12 minutes less vigorous activity per day compared with their counterparts in the lowest quartile. Multiple regression analysis revealed that independent factors for body fat were number of minutes of vigorous activity per day and sex. CONCLUSION: Low physical activity can be a contributing factor in childhood obesity. Only longitudinal studies, however, can give more definitive information about the relation between daily physical activity and obesity.     

体质量对6～17岁儿童肺功能的影响

目的探讨体质量对儿童肺通气功能的影响。方法参考世界卫生组织儿童超重肥胖标准,在无呼吸道疾患或合并其他影响肺功能疾病的儿童中筛选出的肥胖、超重和正常体质量儿童进行肺通气功能测定,并进行比较。结果共纳入1 233例儿童,其中肥胖儿童285例、超重儿童155例、正常体质量儿童793例。三组间肺容量指标VCMAX和FVC的差异有统计学意义(P0.01),均以超重组为最高。三组间FEV1/VCMAX、FEV1/FVC、FEF75 和MMEF25-75的差异均有统计学意义(P0.01),均以对照组最高。肺组织通气指标FEV1和PEF以及FEF25和FEF50在三组间的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。各组肺功能的实测值与前述结果类似,但改变程度则有所减轻。结论超重和肥胖儿童的肺容量较正常体质量儿童增加,同时会出现阻塞性病变和小气道功能障碍。     

6~12岁儿童冲动行为与睡眠障碍相关性研究

目的：探讨儿童冲动行为与睡眠障碍的关系。方法：在长沙市5个行政辖区随机抽取1 736名6~12岁儿童,对受试儿童的家长进行睡眠状况和Barratt冲动量表问卷调查。结果：1 736例儿童中睡眠障碍总发生率为31.9%,男性为35.4%,较女性的28.3%明显增高（P＜0.01）。睡眠障碍组注意因子、运动因子、缺少计划因子得分及冲动量表总分均明显高于非睡眠障碍组（P＜0.01）;睡眠障碍组白天嗜睡率为35.9%,较非睡眠障碍组的24.7%增高显著（P＜0.01）。注意因子、运动因子及缺少计划因子得分随着睡眠障碍评分等级的升高而呈现上升趋势,睡眠障碍评分升至5级时,各因子得分均达最高水平。经常打鼾组各因子得分均高于从不打鼾组及偶尔打鼾组（P＜0.01）。结论：儿童冲动行为与睡眠障碍相关,对临床表现较高冲动水平的儿童,有必要关注其睡眠状况。［中国当代儿科杂志,2009,11（4）：310-312］     

Growth references for height, weight and body mass index of twins aged 0-2.5 years.

AIM: To determine the size of the growth deficit in Dutch monozygotic and dizygotic twins aged 0-2.5 years as compared to singletons and to construct reference growth charts for twins. METHODS: Growth of twins was studied using longitudinal data on over 4000 twins aged 0-2.5 years of the Netherlands Twin Register. The LMS method was used to obtain growth references for length/height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) for twins. RESULTS: During the first 2.5 years of age, differences in length/height and weight between twins and singletons decrease but do not disappear. BMI of twins deviates less than that of singletons. Approximately half of the growth retardation from birth until 1.5 years of age was attributable to gestational age. Between 1.5 years and 2.5 years of age, this difference was reduced to one-third. Thus, a substantial part of the growth difference could not be explained by gestational age. CONCLUSIONS: During the first 2.5 years of life, there is a difference in growth between twins and singletons. Twins catch up in their body size, i.e. they grow faster after birth, but do not yet achieve the same height and weight till they reach 2.5 years of age. We recommend the use of the growth references for twins.     

Leptin is closely related to body fat in prepubertal children aged 8-11 years

BACKGROUND: In adults and obese children, serum leptin concentrations are closely related to body fat. AIM: To investigate whether such a relationship between leptin concentrations and body fat is also evident in children with a relatively normal body composition. METHODS: The study was a cross-sectional population study in 170 Caucasian children (91 boys and 79 girls), with a mean age of 9.9+/-0.6 y (range 8.5-10.9 y) and a mean BMI of 17.4+/-2.6 (range 12.8-28.1). Serum leptin was measured and compared to total body fat as determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: In the whole population, serum leptin concentrations were highly correlated with total body fat (r=0.83, p<0.001). A stepwise forward multi-regression analysis revealed that the inclusion of other anthropometrical data did not add any significance to the model. Leptin concentrations were significantly higher in girls (5.2 ng/ml) than in boys (3.2 mg/ml; p=0.003). Gender differences still prevailed (p=0.007) after adjusting for number of kilograms of fat tissue. CONCLUSION: This study shows that, already at the young age of 9-11 y, an adult-like pattern of regulation of leptin exists. This indicates similar risk factor dependency of leptin across all age groups.     

Reference body mass index curves for Turkish children 6 to 18 years of age

AIM: To determine reference body mass index (BMI) curves for Turkish children 6 to 18 years old and to compare with BMI in other countries. METHODS: A cross-sectional study conducted in Kayseri, Turkey. A total of 5,727 children (2,942 girls, 2,785 boys) aged between 6 and 18 years were selected to construct a reference curve using LMS method. RESULTS: BMI age reference charts of Turkish children were constructed. The 50th percentile curve of Turkish girls is lower than Italian and Turkish girls in The Netherlands but higher than Iranian girls. The 50th percentile curve of Turkish boys is lower than Italian and Turkish boys in The Netherlands and similar to Iranian boys after 13 years of age. CONCLUSION: BMI references of Turkish children are lower than in South East Europe, UK and North American populations, but higher than in Central European and Scandinavian countries.     

儿童体重指数与肠道菌群多样性的关联性研究

目的 对儿童体重指数(body mass index,BMI)与肠道菌群多样性的关联性进行初步探讨.方法 采用横断面调查方法,从2018年7月1日至7日在广东省茂名市共招募87名儿童,平均年龄(11±2)岁.以世界卫生组织2006年发布的儿童体格生长指标百分位数参考值为标准,将研究对象分成偏瘦、正常、超重以及肥胖4个组...     

Relationship between body mass index and pediatric urologic diagnoses

ObjectiveWe had the clinical impression that children with certain urological diagnoses were thinner and others were heavier. We therefore reviewed body mass index (BMI) in children with a variety of urological diagnoses.Materials and methodsThe data from all pediatric patients treated as outpatients in our office between 1 Jan and 30 Sept 2004 were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were counted only once, even if they came back to the office several times. They were grouped by the principal billing diagnosis, but groups of less than nine patients were excluded. BMI percentiles were determined based on data from the Centers for Disease Control and compared to diagnosis codes.ResultsThe data from 1054 patients were analyzed: 53% were female, mean age was 8.0 ± 3.7, mean BMI was 18.7 ± 5.1 and mean BMI percentile was 64 ± 31%. BMI varied significantly by diagnosis. Children with hernias and penile problems had the lowest BMI percentile and those with urinary infection and incontinence the highest, e.g. the mean BMI percentile was 46 ± 31% for children with a hernia but 71 ± 27% for those patients with nocturnal enuresis.ConclusionsThe rate of obesity varied considerably based on pediatric urological diagnosis. Diet and personality may be part of the etiology for some urological disorders. It is possible that lifestyle changes may benefit urological patients who are obese.     

贵阳市7～17岁少年儿童体质指数分布及超重肥胖状况

目的 了解贵阳市少年儿童体质指数分布及超重、肥胖状况,为儿童营养健康教育提供依据.方法 采用整群随机抽样的方法抽取贵阳市7所中、小学7～17岁的8 616名学生为研究对象,测量身高、体重,计算出体质指数百分位数值.以国际生命科学会中国肥胖问题工作组(WGOC)颁布的"中国学龄儿童青少年超重、肥胖筛查体质量指数值分类标准",对贵阳市少年儿童超重、肥胖状况进行筛查.结果 与WGOC采用的以体质指数P85和P95作为超重和肥胖筛查标准相比,贵阳市男孩P85、P95值均有相对增高趋势,而女孩P85、P95值变化相对不明显;贵阳市少年儿童超重和肥胖总检出率为12.5%和6.8%,其中男孩分别为15.0%和8.4%,女孩分别为9.9%和5.2%,男孩超重、肥胖检出率均高于女孩(P均<0.01).结论 贵阳市超重肥胖儿童日益增多,应重视对儿童超重、肥胖的预防工作.     

A cross-sectional study of dietary habits and lipid profiles. The Rivas-Vaciamadrid study

The relations between dietary habits and serum lipids have been firmly established in adults. In children, this relation has been less extensively studied. We have assessed the relations between dietary components, including the different types of fatty acids (saturated, polyunsaturated and monounsaturated) and serum lipids and apolipoproteins in a group of 673 6-year-old children of the town of Rivas-Vaciamadrid, Spain. Children in the highest tertile of total fat consumption, when compared with children in the lowest tertile, had higher mean levels of total cholesterol (188.3 mg/dl vs. 146.8 mg/dl), triglycerides (56.7 mg/dl vs. 51.3 mg/dl), LDL cholesterol (120.7 mg/dl vs. 92.6 mg/dl), HDL cholesterol (56.2 mg/dl vs. 54.5 mg/dl) and apolipoprotein B (86.8 mg/dl vs. 62.9 mg/dl). When compared with children in the lowest tertile, children in the highest tertile of saturated fat consumption had significantly higher mean levels of total cholesterol (206.3 mg/dl vs. 151.8 mg/dl), LDL cholesterol (140.6 mg/dl vs. 95.1 mg/dl) and apolipoprotein B (99.2 mg/dl vs. 64.3 mg/dl) and lower mean levels of HDL cholesterol (53.5 mg/dl vs. 57.5 mg/dl), whereas children in the highest tertile of monounsaturated fat consumption had significantly higher mean levels of HDL cholesterol (56.5 mg/dl vs. 51.8 mg/dl) and lower levels of total cholesterol (133.2 mg/dl vs. 201.6 mg/dl), LDL cholesterol (93.1 mg/dl vs. 137.5 mg/dl) and apolipoprotein B (68.6 mg/dl vs. 94.9 mg/dl) than children in the lowest tertile. No statistically significant relation between polyunsaturated fat and lipid levels was found. We have found a strong association between diet composition and lipid and apolipoprotein levels in 6-year-old children. Our findings strengthen the role of monounsaturated fatty acid consumption as a part of a healthy diet in childhood.