显微手术治疗中青年三叉神经痛的临床疗效

【目的】探讨显微手术治疗中青年三叉神经痛病人的疗效和手术方式。【方法】回顾分析63例中青年三叉神经痛患者的临床资料,其中21例可见明显责任血管压迫,并且有压痕;36例可见责任血管与神经相贴,无明显压痕;6例未见明显责任血管压迫。31例行三叉神经微血管减压术,32例行蛛网膜松解术。【结果】本组63例无手术死亡,治疗后全部有效,随访49例,5例复发。【结论】三叉神经微血管减压术,蛛网膜黏连松解术是治疗中青年三叉神经痛患者的有效方法。     

显微血管减压术治疗原发性三叉神经痛

目的：探讨原发性三叉神经痛显微外科手术方法和效果。方法：应用三叉神经根显微血管减压术治疗原发性三叉神经痛36例,探讨手术技巧及效果。结果：三叉神经根显微血管减压术治疗原发性三叉神经痛创伤小,手术疗效满意。结论：三叉神经根显微血管减压术是治疗原发性三叉神经痛的较好手术方案。     

采用显微血管减压术治疗三叉神经痛

目的：总结近年采用显微血管减压手术治疗三叉神经痛的方法和结果，以期进一步提高手术治愈率。方法：回顾分析从1994年1月至2003年12月进行后颅窝手术探查的21例原发性三叉神经痛患者。19例行显微血管减压术。有1例术中采用脑室镜协助观察。结果：在头颅磁共振扫描上，有11例可见疼痛一侧的桥脑旁有异常血管影。术中发现三叉神经出脑干处有血管压迫者19例(动脉血管压迫16例，静脉血管压迫3例)。19例中，术后早期疼痛完全缓解17例。结论：显微血管减压术是治疗原发性三叉神经痛的安全和有效的方法。     

三叉神经痛显微血管减压术20例临床分析

三叉神经痛显微血管减压术是原发性三叉神经痛首选的手术方法,疗效可靠,可保留三叉神经功能,是目前治疗原发性三叉神经痛的最好方法。现将1998年2月～1999年12月20例三叉神经痛显微血管减压术的临床资料分析如下。     

显微血管减压术治疗三叉神经痛

目的：探讨用显微血管减压术治疗三叉神经痛的疗效。方法：对28例三叉神经痛患者采用显微血管减压术治疗。结果：经4．28月随访，28例中，治愈25例，治愈率为89．3％，总有效率为96．4％。无一例死亡。无复发。与其它方法相比较有良好的效果。结论：显微血管减压术是治疗三叉神经痛最有效的方法。     

微血管减压术治疗老年三叉神经痛56例及其手术配合

【目的】探讨微血管减压术治疗老年原发性三叉神经痛的疗效及有效的护理方法。【方法】选择本院收治的采用微血管减压术进行治疗的原发性三叉神经痛老年患者56例,对其疗效及护理方法进行分析。【结果】本组患者术后病情立即缓解,疗效优者48例（85．7Voo）;术后延迟缓解,疗效良者4例（7．1％）,总优良率为92．86％（52／56）。【结论】对身体情况相对较差的老年患者而言,采用微血管减压术辅以良好的护理,患者治愈率高,并发症少,其可作为治疗原发性三叉神经痛的有效方法。     

三叉神经复合体的显微解剖学及临床研究

目的研究三叉神经复合体的解剖结构,总结三叉神经微血管减压术技术要点,为三叉神经痛手术提供解剖学依据。方法 10例20侧成人头颅标本,采用乙状窦后入路,对小脑脑桥角区行显微解剖研究;回顾性分析200例三叉神经微血管减压术的手术资料。结果尸头解剖:在20侧中7侧三叉神经有血管接触或压迫,其中小脑上动脉4侧(20.0%)、小脑前下动脉1侧(5.0%)及岩静脉1侧(5.0%);手术资料:三叉神经微血管减压术的责任血管绝大多数位于桥小脑角区,主要有小脑上动脉135例(67.5%),小脑前下动脉18例(9.0%),岩静脉11例(5.5%)等。结论三叉神经复合体的显微解剖尤其桥小脑角区的充分暴露是三叉神经微血管减压术手术成功的关键。     

后颅凹显微血管减压术治疗三叉神经痛

自Jannetla开展显微血管减压术治疗三叉神经痛以来,巳逐渐在国内外开展,并取得了较好的治疗效果。我们自1989年以来,共施行三叉神经显微血管减压术32例,并进行追踪随访。现根据本组资料结     

显微血管减压术治疗三叉神经痛

近年来许多学者提出三叉神经痛多由微血管走行异常压迫神经根所致。应用显微血管减压术治疗三叉神经痛报告日益增多。我科自1985年10月以来作三叉神经血管减压术9例10人次,现报告如下。     

原发性三叉神经痛的微血管减压术治疗

目的评价微血管减压术治疗原发性二叉神经痛的效果。方法运用三叉神经微血管减压术探查三叉神经并分离责任血管，在微血管与三叉神经间垫人Teflon涤纶绵。结果20例患者术后疼痛完全缓解19例，仅1例仍有轻微疼痛，无永久性并发症。结论三叉神经微血管减压术是三叉神经痛的一种病因性治疗，疗效确切，三叉神经功能可以得到保护，是首选治疗方法。     

Ergebnisse der mikrochirurgischen vaskulären Dekompression bei der Trigeminusneuralgie

INTRODUCTION: From 1 August 1983 to 6 June 1992, 284 patients underwent decompression of the trigeminal root in the rear part of the skull as treatment for tic douloureux. According to preoperative diagnosis and intraoperative inspection, a space-occupying process was the cause of the typical neuralgia in 13 cases (4 meningiomas, 3 epidermoid tumours, 3 acoustic neuromas and 2 trigeminal neuromas). In 271 cases (95.4%) microsurgical vascular decompression according to Jannetta was carried out. METHODS: The majority of patients were between 45 and 75 years of age. The follow-up period ranged from 10 months to 9.3 years (average 59.45 months). The results of the long-term investigations are based on standardized questionnaires completed by 202 patients. Of the total of 271 patients operated upon by Jannetta's technique, 261 (96.3%) were free of pain immediately after the operation. The main causes of failure were misdiagnosis (myoarthropathy, cluster headache) and incorrect indications (encephalomyelitis disseminata, trigeminal neuropathy following peripheral lesion). In 3 cases vascular displacement and complete decompression of the trigeminal root were impossible because the basilaris was exceptionally long. RESULTS: In the long term, 87.6% of the patients operated on remained free of pain or improved sufficiently to require no further carbamazepine medication. Relapses developed in 7.4% of cases, and except for operative revision and rhizolysis of the trigeminal root in a case of relapsed trigeminal neuralgia, thermo-controlled high-frequency lesion of the gasserian ganglion was carried out in a second operation. The complications of the Jannetta operation were hypoacusis and anacusis (4%), hyposmia (1%), dizziness (3.5%) and chronic subdural haematoma (1 case). Neither postoperative bacterial meningitis nor any lethality was recorded. In 94.5% of cases the patients expressed positive opinions of the operation and its results, while 4% regretted having the operation and 1.5% were undecided. The question as to whether the operation had significantly improved the quality of life was answered in the affirmative by 88.4% of the patients. DISCUSSION: In summary, the long-term results confirm that microsurgical vascular decompression can be offered as the method of choice for treatment of trigeminal neuralgia in younger patients, and in older patients when cardiopulmonary risk factors and cerebrovascular processes can be eliminated. Alternative methods are high-frequency lesionsing of the gasserian ganglion according to Sweet and chemorhizolysis of the gasserian ganglion, but these must be restricted exclusively to the treatment of typical trigeminal neuralgia with tic douloureux. Persistent neuropathic pain caused by atraumatic or drug-induced lesion to the trigeminal nerve cannot be positively influenced either by surgical decompression or by destructive operations on the gasserian ganglion.     

原发性三叉神经痛患者行显微血管减压术的护理

目的总结原发性三叉神经痛患者行显微血管减压治疗的护理要点。方法对62例原发性三叉神经痛患者实施显微血管减压治疗,并做好术前后的护理工作。结果术后治愈52例,好转10例,术后2例发生伤口脑脊液漏,2例发生口唇疱疹,经对症处理后痊愈。结论显微血管减压治疗原发性三叉神经痛,具有较高的治愈率、止痛效果明显、损伤少等优点。术前应做好患者心理护理及疼痛护理,术后密切观察患者病情变化,做好并发症的观察及健康指导,其能减轻患者的痛苦,对患者的康复具有重要意义。     

Neurosurgical therapy of facial neuralgias

INTRODUCTION: Neuralgias of the face, especially trigeminal neuralgia and glossopharyngeal neuralgia are indications for surgical interventions after failed medical therapy. In contrast to other forms of headache or atypical facial pain, where surgical measures are considered to be contraindicated, percutaneous procedures or microvascular decompression are able to produce immediate and longstanding pain relief. Careful preoperative evaluation is essential to confirm the clinical diagnosis and to rule out other causes as multiple sclerosis or tumors afflicting the cranial nerves. The following study will summarize the common surgical techniques and their role considering a mechanism-based therapy as well as document long-term results of these measures. METHODS: Between 1977 and 1997 316 thermo-controlled radiofrequency trigeminal rhizotomies (TK) and 379 microvascular decompressions (MVD) were performed in our hospital to treat trigeminal neuralgia; additional 6 MVDs for glossopharyngeal neuralgia and one MVD of the intermediate facial nerve were carried out. Questionnaires were sent out to all patients still living in 1981, 1982, 1992 and 1998. For all other patients, interviews with relatives or the general practitioners were conducted. A retrospective analysis of postoperative pain relief was performed using Kaplan-Meier curves at the latest follow-up. Additionally 80 patients underwent careful quantitative sensory testing with Von-Frey-hairs. RESULTS: 225 patients who underwent microvascular decompression and 206 with radiofrequency trigeminal rhizotomies were further analyzed. There was a 50% risk for pain recurrence two years after radiofrequency rhizotomy. On the other hand 64% of patients who underwent microvascular decompression remained painfree 20 years postoperatively. Patients with microvascular decompression without sensory deficit were painfree significantly longer than patients with postoperative hypesthesia. DISCUSSION: Etiology and pathogenesis of facial neuralgias are far from understood despite several hypotheses. Based on current models there is no explanation for the immediate pain relief especially after microvascular decompression. Some authors even discuss surgical trauma as the only cause for postoperative pain relief.     

三叉神经痛微血管减压术的手术体会

目的探讨三叉神经痛微血管减压（MVD）术的疗效与责任血管的解剖特点。方法回顾性分析25例接受三叉神经痛MVD术患者的临床资料及手术体会。结果术中见21例三叉神经根部有接触或压迫的血管,占84％,最常见的责任血管是小脑上动脉,共13例（52％）,其次为小脑前下动脉,共6例（24％）。动脉性责任血管占76％,岩上静脉作为责任血管2例（8％）;附近无任何血管压迫但术中发现三叉神经覆盖的蛛网膜明显增厚者4例占16％。手术治愈率为96％。结论MVD是治疗三叉神经痛安全、微创、有效的方法。提高显微外科操作技巧,不遗漏责任血管,是提高手术疗效和减少并发症的关键。     

微血管减压术治疗三叉神经痛的疗效及其并发症的预防与处理

目的探讨微血管减压术治疗三叉神经痛的疗效及其并发症的预防与处理策略。方法采用微血管减压术治疗93例三叉神经痛患者,对其临床疗效及术后并发症等临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 93例中89例术后疼痛症状消失,有效率为95.70%。术后并发症的发生情况：皮下积液4例,脑脊液漏1例,听力下降3例,耳鸣3例,面神经功能障碍4例,手术无效4例,死亡1例。结论微血管减压术治疗三叉神经痛是一种十分成熟的技术,规范手术的各种操作和积极应用监测技术能够尽量避免各种并发症的发生,显著提高手术的安全性。     

三叉神经岩骨嵴压迹的研究及临床应用

目的对原发性三叉神经痛患者做薄层CT及MRI扫描,观察三叉神经的跨越岩骨嵴处的解剖学特点找到原发性三叉神经痛可靠的CT定位的放疗靶点。方法我们对95例原发性三叉神经痛病人采用17~29 Gy的剂量进行X刀放疗,应用50例患者进行薄`层CT研究,扫描层厚为1.25 mm及0.625 mm,同时进行1.25 mm层厚MRI扫描,并进行CT和MRI图象融合研究。结果结果发现在1.25 mm层厚压迹发现率94%,0.625 mm压迹发现率100%,CT和MRI图象融合发现MRI图象显示的三叉神经穿越岩骨嵴形成的凹陷完全一致,准确率100%。放疗效果有效率为85.26%。结论三叉神经跨越岩骨嵴处存在压迹,这一骨性标志是原发性三叉神经痛放疗的可靠标志点。      

微血管减压术治疗三叉神经痛的护理

[目的]总结微血管减压术治疗三叉神经痛的护理措施.[方法]回顾性地分析20例三叉神经痛行微血管减压术病人的临床资料.[结果]本组病人术后疼痛均消失,1例术后第8天出现口角歪斜,经处理后好转出院.[结论]加强三叉神经痛微血管减压术治疗的护理可减少并发症的发生,提高手术成功率.     

Improvement of diagnosis and treatment of glossopharyngeal neuralgia

Differential diagnosis of neuralgias affecting the cranial nerves and of facial pain is often difficult. Glossopharyngeal neuralgia is much less common than trigeminal neuralgia and is not well known. Idiopathic neuralgia of the glossopharyngeal nerve sometimes occurs in association with neurovascular compression syndrome of the vagus and trigeminal nerves. High-resolution MRI of the brain stem with three-dimensional visualization allows a secure diagnosis of neurovascular compression and is useful in the planning of appropriate microsurgical decompression (Jannetta's operation).     

Studies on the operative outcomes and mechanisms of microvascular decompression in treating typical and atypical trigeminal neuralgia

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the operative outcomes and mechanisms of microvascular decompression in treating typical and atypical trigeminal neuralgia. METHODS: A group of 45 patients with typical trigeminal neuralgia and 17 patients with atypical trigeminal neuralgia treated by micro-vascular decompression from 2000 to 2002 were reviewed, including their clinical presentations, operative findings, and outcomes. RESULTS: Of 45 patients with typical trigeminal neuralgia, the mean duration was 3.1 years, and the mean age of pain onset was 60.3 years. Single trigeminal division was involved in 20 patients (44.4%), and 2 or 3 divisions were involved in the other 25 patients (55.6%). During the operation, artery compression was found in 39 patients (86.7%), and the combined artery and venous compression was found in 6 patients (13.3%). Postoperatively, complete pain relief was achieved in 44 patients (97.8%), and significant pain relief was achieved in 1 patient (2.2%). As for 17 patients with atypical trigeminal neuralgia, the mean duration and the mean age of pain onset was 8.7 years and 55.5 years, respectively. Two or 3 trigeminal divisions were involved in all of these patients. During operation, artery compression occurred in 10 patients (58.8%), and the combined artery and venous compression was found in 7 patients (41.2%). Postoperatively, complete pain relief was achieved in 5 patients (29.4%), and partial pain relief was achieved in 10 patients (58.8%), and 2 patients showed no response to microvascular decompression. CONCLUSIONS: The operative outcome of microvascular decompression in patients with typical trigeminal neuralgia was better than that of patients with atypical trigeminal neuralgia, which perhaps related to short duration, late onset of pain, limited distribution, artery compression, and complete operative decompression.