异种无细胞真皮动物移植实验研究

目的研究巴马香猪无细胞真皮（acellular dermal matrix,ADM）结合自体刃厚皮移植于皮肤全层缺损大鼠后的免疫排斥反应、移植皮片存活率及创面收缩率。方法将巴马香猪ADM、人ADM及异体大鼠ADM结合自体刃厚皮移植于皮肤全层缺损大鼠背部,与大鼠自体全厚皮片移植组、单纯自体刃厚皮移植组比较,观察移植第1、2、4、8w时免疫排斥反应发生及炎症细胞浸润情况,计算不同时间点移植皮片存活率及创面收缩率。结果巴马香猪ADM和人ADM结合自体皮片移植到大鼠创面后,未引起明显免疫排斥反应,移植皮片存活率及创面收缩率无明显差异;与异体大鼠ADM组移植皮片存活率及创面收缩率之间差异不显著;移植皮片存活率明显低于自体全厚皮片移植组,但显著高于单纯自体刃厚皮移植组,创面收缩率显著低于自体刃厚皮移植组。结论巴马香猪ADM与人ADM具有相似的安全性和有效性,可提高自体皮片存活率,降低创面收缩率,完全可能替代人ADM应用于创伤修复领域。     

负压引流对全厚皮片移植成活的影响

目的:探讨负压引流对全厚皮片移植成活的影响.方法:新西兰大白兔9只,在脊柱两侧3个术区建立全厚皮片移植模型.术区应用简易负压引流管,引流管分别在术后第2天、引流液无明显增加时和第7天拔除(即A1,A2,A3组).拔管时、术后第7天和第14天取材,取材位置在引流管的上方和远离引流管的周围.组织染色处理后,应用光学显微镜和透射电镜,观察组织形态学特征.实验结果表明,当引流液不再增加时拔管,皮片成活最好.新西兰大白兔8只,在大白兔脊柱两侧3个术区做全厚皮片移植,随机分别采用传统缝合加压包扎、简易负压引流和普通负压引流(即A,B,C组).观察皮片成活情况,于术后第2、3周计算皮片成活率,并在移植皮片上取材.对于负压引流组,拔管时间选择在当引流液不再增加时.结果:负压引流可明显提高全厚皮片的成活率.皮片移植应用负压引流组(A组)的皮片成活率显著高于传统缝合加压包扎组(B组)(P＜0.05),传统缝合加压包扎组(B组)的皮片成活率显著高于普通负压引流组(C组)(P＜0.05).组织形态学结果显示,引流管上方皮片在早期出现缺血改变.当引流液不再增加时拔除引流管,可以充分引流术区且不影响管上方皮片成活,如果拔除过早或过晚会阻碍皮片成活.结论:负压引流可以提高皮片成活率.     

同种异体骨-中1/3髌腱-骨、骨-跟腱移植重建羊膝关节后交叉韧带的比较研究

目的对同种异体骨-中1／3髌腱-骨(B-PT-B)、骨-跟腱移植重建后交叉韧带(PCL)后的组织学演变及力学特性进行初步分析．以了解其临床应用的可行性及影响因素：方法选用健康成年羊25只，A组为取材组(5只)．B、C组为实验组(各10只)；分别以新鲜冷冻异体B-PT-B和异体骨-跟腱移植重建PCL．分别以健侧为自身对照组．采用形态学及生物力学手段、对术后1个月和6个月两组移植物(供体)重建PCL后的组织学演变及术后6个月力学特性进行初步分析。结果常规组织学染色显示：重建PCL6个月后两种移植物与正常PCL结构相似；生物力学测试结果表明，同种异体骨-跟腱移植重建后的PCL的抗拉伸强度比同种异体B-PT-B重建的PCL高，且具有与正常PCL接近的力学特性。结论同种异体骨-跟腱移植重建的PCL具有与正常PCL接近的力学特性．更适合临床应用。     

TAE治疗大咯血的疗效分析

目的：观察经导管动脉栓塞术（TAE）治疗大咯血的近期及远期疗效,分析影响大咯血远期疗效的因素。方法：回顾性分析本院采用TAE治疗大咯血的52例患者的病例资料,包括栓塞前后血管造影表现、咯血的责任血管、复发咯血时间、并发症。采用Kaplan-Meier方法计算TAE术后咯血的控制率。结果：大咯血的病因包括肺内肿瘤16例、肺结核14例、支气管扩张11例、肺结核合并支气管扩张8例、肺内血管畸形1例、不能明确病因2例。52例患者总共栓塞了72支支气管动脉及13支非支气管动脉,止血成功率90%（47/52）。随访1～57个月,平均29个月,共有14例（30%）复发咯血。复发率最高组为肺结核合并支气管扩张组有4例复发,复发率50%（4/8）;肺结核组5例复发,复发率36%（5/14）;支气管扩张组2例复发咯血,复发率18%（2/11）;复发率最低组为肺内肿瘤组（12.5%,2/16）。Kaplan-Meier方法分析本组患者术后1个月、12个月、48个月咯血控制率分别为85%、70%、68%。结论：血管内栓塞法对大咯血患者是一种安全有效的治疗方法,术后积极治疗原发病及预防控制感染是提高远期疗效的有效手段。     

球囊扩张注射型硫酸钙固定治疗骨质疏松性胫骨平台塌陷性骨折的实验研究

目的评估球囊扩张注射型硫酸钙固定治疗骨质疏松性胫骨平台塌陷性骨折（SchatzkerⅢ型）的疗效。方法健康雌性犬16只,体重（27±1.8）kg5,～7岁龄。适应性饲养1周,喂0.1%低钙饲料,静脉注射地塞米松磷酸钠注射液2.5mg/kg,每周2次3,个月后造成骨质疏松犬,将其分为2组：A组12只,B组4只。A组犬处死取材,随机选择16个胫骨构建胫骨外侧平台塌陷性骨折模型,其中8个实施球囊扩张复位注射型硫酸钙固定术（A1组）,另外8个实施撬拨复位植骨螺丝钉内固定术（A2组）,对两组骨折复位情况进行测量,未行手术的8个胫骨为对照组（A3组）,术后对A1、A2、A3三组胫骨外侧平台感兴趣区（interest regionI,R）进行生物力学测试。B组犬活体行与A1组相同的手术,术后4周取材做组织学检查。结果 A1组骨折复位程度和生物力学测试结果不比A2组差,组织学检查：B组硫酸钙逐渐被吸收,硫酸钙周围有新生骨小梁。结论球囊扩张注射型硫酸钙固定治疗骨质疏松性犬胫骨平台塌陷性骨折复位效果优良、生物力学性能优越,有良好的成骨效果。     

骨外固定技术不植骨治疗复杂性骨不连与骨缺损

目的 探讨应力促进骨愈合的机制及骨外固定技术不植骨治疗复杂性骨不连与骨缺损的临床疗效。方法 （1）5例10根新鲜尸体完整胫骨及安装外固定器后测定骨表面应变、应力值。再制成胫骨中段骨折进行等体重加压，测定压力衰减情况。60只兔胫骨干制成骨折模型并施行骨外固定器三维立体固定，分别施加兔自身体重0倍（A组，对照组）、1／2倍（B组）、等体重（C组）、1．5倍（D组）的压力加压固定，测定术后即刻及1，2，4，6周骨折断端应力电位，并取骨折处标本行HE染色，光镜下观察。术后6周摄X线片，并取胫骨行扭转试验，测定骨愈合强度。（2）1978—2005年共收治195例复杂性骨不连、骨缺损患者，通过骨外固定施加1／2至等体重的压应力不植骨治疗，观察骨愈合及伤肢负重情况。结果（1）胫骨表面不同点应变、应力值相差显著；各点上架前后差异无统计学意义。加压固定后5h内骨断端压力以每小时5％～10％的速度衰减，24h后不到初始值的60％。兔胫骨骨折后应力电位变为负电位，A组及加压组（B、C、D组）分别于术后2周、6周恢复正电位。X线片、组织学及力学试验表明，加压组骨愈合速度及强度均好于对照组，但1．5倍体重加压量会造成骨坏死。（2）临床观察194例获得骨性愈合，愈合率99．5％。骨断端愈合时间3～7个月，平均5个月，骨延长区愈合时间4～11个月，骨愈合指数平均为37．8d／cm。全部患者取外固定器后伤肢可负重行走，无一例再骨折及截肢。结论 应力产生的负电荷可促进骨愈合，最佳生理性加压量应以自身体重为标准，经皮穿针骨外固定不植骨方法在复杂性骨不连与骨缺损的治疗中可视为一种疗效确切的微创生物学治疗技术。     

不同厚度真皮组织缺损与增生性瘢痕形成的关系

目的探讨损伤后不同厚度真皮组织缺损与增生性瘢痕发生之间的关系。方法选择四肢部位供皮区共32处作为研究创面，分为刃厚皮供皮区(A组)、中厚皮供皮区(B组)，再根据是否移植具有一定厚度的自体皮片，将A组分为A1组(刃厚皮不植皮组)、A2组(刃厚皮植皮组)；将B组分为B1组(中厚皮不植皮组)、B2组(中厚皮植刃厚皮组)、B3组(中厚皮植中厚皮组)。留取所取皮片及移植皮片标本，计算机测量所取皮片及移植皮片的真皮厚度；术后6个月，应用温哥华瘢痕评估量表评估上述供皮区瘢痕形成及增生程度。结果A组缺损真皮厚度在0．146～0．163mm之间，B组缺损真皮厚度在0．456—0．656mm之间；随着真皮缺损的增加，愈合后瘢痕温哥华评分值也相应增加；缺失真皮的创面回植自体皮片后，其术后瘢痕评分值会相应减少，并与移植皮片厚度成反比。结论真皮组织缺损厚度与瘢痕增生的程度成正比，真皮组织的回植可减轻瘢痕增生。     

移植肾动脉狭窄的介入治疗

目的 探讨移植肾动脉狭窄介入性治疗的方法和疗效。方法 7例肾移植术后肾动脉狭窄的病人,经股动脉或腋动脉入路行狭窄肾动脉的球囊扩张或支架置入术。结果 7例病人中3例行单纯球囊扩张术（2例经股动脉,1例经腋动脉）,4例同时行球囊护张和支架置入（2例经股动脉,2例经腋动脉）。治疗后5例病人血压恢复正常,2例口服降压药恢复正常。随访9－36个月,6例未见狭窄,仅1例支架入术后9个月出现移植肾动脉再狭窄。给予球囊扩张,血流基本恢复。结论 球囊扩张和（或）内支架入仍然是移植肾动脉狭窄的安全有效的方法之一,术后再狭窄的预防和处理需要进一步探讨。     

烧伤肉芽创面整张皮片移植的体会

烧伤肉芽创面的覆盖，过去传统的方法多采用“邮票”式小皮片移植。近三年来，作者对烧伤肉芽创面改进为整张皮片游离移植。自1991年6月～1994年5月共收治10o例烧伤肉芽创面采用整张皮片移植取得满意的效果。烧伤肉芽创面整张皮片移植的体会@周志清$南京化学工业（集团）公司职工医院!210048@于锡恩$南京化学工业（集团）公司职工医院!210048@吴丞$南京化学工业（集团）公司职工医院!210048     

跗内侧游离静脉皮瓣与前臂游离静脉皮瓣疗效分析比较

目的：比较跗内侧游离静脉皮瓣与前臂游离静脉皮瓣修复手部软组织缺损的临床疗效,为临床选择提供理论依据。方法回顾性分析我院2011年9月～2012年9月收治的手部软组织缺损并进行游离静脉皮瓣修复治疗的63例的病史资料,根据采用皮瓣的类型分为跗内侧游离静脉皮瓣组（35例）和前臂游离静脉皮瓣组（28例）。对比分析两组患者的临床疗效以及远期恢复情况。结果跗内侧游离静脉皮瓣组住院时间、术后感染率、Ⅰ期愈合率均显著优于前臂游离静脉皮瓣组,差异有统计学意义（ P＜0.05）。治疗1年后,跗内侧游离静脉皮瓣组手功能恢复情况显著优于前臂游离静脉皮瓣组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论跗内侧游离静脉皮瓣具有“类生理性皮瓣”的特性,移植后恢复快,治疗效果满意。     

A nonparallel, nonisometric synthetic graft augmentation of a patellar tendon anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. A model for assessment of stress shielding

The potential for a rigidly fixed synthetic graft placed in the over-the-top position to be stress shielding/stress sharing with the patellar tendon autograft was assessed in a primate model. A patellar tendon autograft was placed anatomically and tensioned at 2 pounds for all of the groups. In the augmented animals, a 30 strand braided graft 10 cm in length of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene was tightened with the knee in full extension. After 6 months of unrestricted cage activity the animals were sacrificed and biomechanical testing performed. The augmented patellar tendon autografts demonstrated less laxity in extension as compared to the autografts alone. A minimal decrease in the load and stiffness to failure for the augmented groups as compared to the nonaugmented knees was noted. However, both the reconstruction groups had a significant decrease in the load to failure at 6 months (50% of the normal ACL). In summary, this study demonstrated that a synthetic graft augmentation can be performed in the over-the-top position and minimize knee laxity, especially during terminal extension. With this technique, the laxity was minimized while the incorporation and strengthening of the biologic autograft occurred at a rate similar to the unaugmented reconstruction.     

Comparison of fresh osteochondral autografts and allografts: a canine model

BACKGROUND: Osteochondral autografts and allografts have been widely used in the treatment of isolated grade IV articular cartilage lesions of the knee. However, the authors are not aware of any study that has prospectively compared fresh osteochondral autografts to fresh allografts with regard to imaging, biomechanical testing, and histology. HYPOTHESIS: The imaging, biomechanical properties, and histologic appearance of fresh osteochondral autograft and fresh allograft are similar with respect to bony incorporation into host bone, articular cartilage composition, and biomechanical properties. STUDY DESIGN: Controlled laboratory study. METHODS: Eighteen adult dogs underwent bilateral knee osteochondral graft implantation after creation of an Outerbridge grade IV cartilage defect. One knee received an autograft, and the contralateral knee received a fresh allograft. Nine dogs were sacrificed at 3 months, and 9 dogs were sacrificed at 6 months. Graft analysis included gross examination, radiographs, magnetic resonance imaging, biomechanical testing, and histology. RESULTS: Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated excellent bony incorporation of both autografts and allografts. Biomechanical testing demonstrated no significant difference between autografts versus allografts versus control at 3 or 6 months (P = .36-.91). A post hoc calculation showed 80% power to detect a 30% difference between allograft and control. Histologic examination showed normal cartilage structure for both autografts and allografts. CONCLUSION: Fresh osteochondral autograft and fresh allograft tissues are not statistically different with respect to bony incorporation, articular cartilage composition, or biomechanical properties up to 6 months after implantation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The use of fresh allograft tissue to treat osteochondral defects eliminates morbidity associated with harvesting autograft tissue without compromising the results of the surgical procedure.     

应用大张刃厚皮片修复烧伤肉芽创面

目的探讨肉芽创面的修复方法。方法将本组52例肉芽创面随机分成大张刃厚皮片组26例、邮票皮片组26例,对比研究两组的治疗效果。结果在创面愈合速度、创面愈合质量、局部皮肤质地、工作效率等几个方面,大张皮片组较邮票状皮片组具有明显的优越性。结论应用大张皮片移植有利于肉芽创面的愈合。     

微型皮片移植术应用于大面积深度烧伤的疗效观察

目的探讨Meek微型皮片移植术治疗大面积深度烧伤的临床疗效。方法 2008年4月—2012年4月期间,将80例大面积深度烧伤患者随机分为对照组(传统小邮票皮片移植术)和观察组(Meek微型皮片移植术),每组40例。对两组皮片成活率、手术植皮面积、供皮面积、手术时间、伤口愈合时间,以及术后随访期间愈合瘢痕及功能恢复情况,进行观察和比较。结果与对照组相比,观察组皮片成活率明显升高(95.0%比80.0%),供皮面积[(4.0±2.2)%比(12.5±2.0)%]总体表面积(TBSA)、手术时间[(2.0±0.5)min比(7.0±1.0)min]、伤口愈合时间[(12.0±3.5)d比(24.5±4.0)d]均明显缩短,术后随访期间愈合瘢痕及功能恢复明显好转(术后3个月时为77.5%比55.0%;术后6个月时为57.5%比35.0%;术后12个月时为37.5%比17.5%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 Meek微型皮片移植术治疗大面积深度烧伤,能够明显提高皮片成活率、缩短手术时间、节省皮源、加速伤口愈合,临床疗效显著。     

异种(猪)去细胞真皮基质与自体微粒皮及自体刃厚皮复合移植的比较研究

目的　比较异种 (猪 )去细胞真皮基质 (PADM)与自体刃厚皮、PADM与自体微粒和同种异体皮以及自体微粒皮加同种异体皮覆盖烧伤创面后愈合质量的差异。方法　72只SD大鼠背部全层皮肤缺损创面分别用PADM +自体刃厚皮 (实验组I)、PADM +自体微粒皮 +同种异体皮 (实验组II)和微粒皮 +同种异体皮 (对照组 )覆盖 ,术后定期观察创面愈合情况并计算植皮成活率和收缩率 ,同时行组织学观察。结果　实验组I、II复合皮外观较平整 ,植皮成活率高 ,收缩程度轻 ,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义 (P <0 0 5 ) ,且实验组I创面愈合情况优于实验组II。组织学观察实验组I、II上皮化良好 ,胶原纤维排列有序 ,基底膜结构完整。结论　异种 (猪 )去细胞真皮基质与自体刃厚皮覆盖烧伤创面后愈合质量最佳 ,异种 (猪 )去细胞真皮基质与自体微粒和同种异体皮覆盖烧伤创面后愈合质量次之 ,但明显优于微粒皮加同种异体皮组。     

MEEK微型皮片移植在大面积深度烧伤创面的应用体会

目的探讨MEEK微型皮片移植技术治疗大面积深度烧伤的临床疗效。方法笔者回顾分析2007年2月~2012年6月采用MEEK植皮治疗86例大面积深度烧伤患者与2004年4月~2010年7月83例采用传统邮票植皮治疗大面积深度烧伤患者的临床资料,对两组皮片成活率、手术时间、皮片融合所需时间、供皮面积与植皮面积之比等指标进行比较分析。结果 MEEK皮片移植组与传统邮票状皮片移植技术比较,在减少手术时间、缩短创面愈合时间、节约供皮量等方面有显著性意义(P0.05),而在成活率方面无显著性差异(P0.05)。结论 MEEK植皮方法具有缩短手术时间、缩短创面愈合时间、缩短病程、节省皮源等优点,是目前大面积深度烧伤创面修复较为理想的皮片移植技术。     

可吸收性材料辅助自体半腱肌腱移植重建兔前交叉韧带组织学转归实验研究

目的:观察可吸收性材料(polyglactin 910)辅助自体半腱肌腱移植重建兔前交叉韧带(anterior cru-ciate ligament,ACL)术后的组织学变化过程,探讨可吸收性韧带加强装置(ligament augmentation device,LAD)在ACL修复与重建中的应用。方法:取新西兰大白兔同侧自体单股半腱肌腱移植重建双膝ACL,左膝在移植物中间纵向贯穿可吸收线进行辅助,作为实验侧,右膝不加可吸收线作为自身对照侧。分别于术后2周和1、2、4个月取材,肉眼观察关节腔内重建移植物的大体形态;运用HE染色观察关节腔内重建韧带中可吸收线的组织学变化。结果:关节腔内重建韧带中间的可吸收线在术后2周未见明显变化,1个月有降解吸收表现,2及4个月未再观察到可吸收线。术后各取材时间点,实验侧和对照侧的关节腔内重建移植物的肉眼和组织学表现无差别。结论:置于ACL重建移植物中间的可吸收性材料在术后2周～2个月内随自身新生组织的长入而逐渐被降解吸收,最后被胶原纤维组织完全替代,与胶原纤维组织表现出良好的组织相容性,对重建移植物的组织学转归无影响。     

远位皮瓣转移修复手指缺损与固定方法的改良

目的探讨远位皮瓣转移在手指较大面积缺损修复中的应用及固定方法的改良。方法 27例手指较大面积缺损的患者（共31指）接受远位皮瓣转移修复缺损,术后采用改良后的方法进行固定。结果除1例患者中途终止皮瓣转移改为游离植皮修复缺损外,其余病例均皮瓣转移成功,缺损得到早期修复;随访6月～1年,手指的形态和功能良好。结论在手指缺损修复中应用改良后的远位皮瓣转移和固定方法,有利于皮瓣成活。     

ACL reconstruction with semitendinosus tendon autograft without detachment of its tibial insertion: a histologic study in a rabbit model

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the histologic changes that occur between 3 and 12 weeks in an intra-articular, semitendinosus autograft, which was harvested without detachment of its tibial insertion and was placed through tibial and femoral drill holes, in a rabbit model. About 30 New Zealand white rabbits underwent ACL replacement using a semitendinosus tendon autograft. The normal ACL was transected at its femoral and tibial insertions. The tendon graft was harvested without detachment of its tibial insertion and its free end was secured with sutures. The graft was then passed through one tibial and one femoral tunnel and secured at the lateral femoral condyle. All animals were divided into three groups and were killed at 3, 6 and 12 weeks after surgery. Nine more animals underwent ACL reconstruction using a free semitendinosus tendon autograft. These animals were used as controls. The intra-articular portion of the graft and the interface between the bone tunnel and the graft was evaluated postoperatively for gross morphology and histological appearance. Results of this study showed that in a rabbit model the semitendinosus tendon autograft retained its viability when harvested without detachment of its peripheral insertion. On contrary, at the control group, necrosis of the graft was observed 3 weeks after surgery and progressively revascularization and maturation occurred 6 and 12 weeks after surgery. Retaining the tibial insertion of the semitendinosus autograft seems to preserves its viability and bypasses the stages of avascular necrosis and revascularization that occurs with the use of a free tendon autograft.     

Anterior cruciate ligament allograft transplantation. Long-term function, histology, revascularization, and operative technique

In recent years much effort has been devoted to finding a satisfactory replacement for the injured ACL. None of the reconstruction techniques used in the past can be considered ideal because of their inability to duplicate the complex geometry, structure, and function of the ligament. Current advances in allograft transplantation and cryopreservation have led us to design and implement an experimental model for testing the feasibility of cryopreserved ACL allotransplantation. Groups of dogs were used to evaluate the effect of cryopreservation on ligament strength and to compare the relative performance of both autograft and allograft ACL transplants up to 18 months after implantation. The ligaments were examined mechanically, histologically, and microangiographically. The cryopreservation process and duration of storage had no effect on the biomechanical or structural properties of the ligament. The mechanical integrity of the allografts was similar to that of the autografts, with both achieving nearly 90% of control ligament strength by 36 weeks. Revascularization approached normal by 24 weeks in both autograft and allograft. No evidence of structural degradation or immunological reaction was seen. Based on these results, we believe that a cryopreserved ACL allograft can provide the ideal material for ACL reconstruction. We have outlined a surgical technique for harvesting and implanting this graft clinically.