Evaluation of the wound healing potential of Wedelia trilobata (L.) leaves

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Wedelia trilobata (L.) Hitchc (Asteraceae) leaves are used in the treatment of wounds by traditional healers. Despite the use of this plant in wound healing, there is a scarcity of scientific data to support its therapeutic application.

Aim of the study

To investigate the wound healing potential of Wedelia trilobata (L.) leaves commonly employed by traditional healers and to clarify its traditional use in a scientific investigation.

Materials and methods

An ethanolic extract of Wedelia trilobata leaves was subjected to column chromatography. Hexane, ethyl acetate (WEA) and chloroform:methanol (50:50) (WCM) fractions were obtained. The fractions were tested using relevant in vitro wound healing assays. Antioxidant activity was measured by the DPPH assay. The fibroblast proliferation, oxidative stress using hydrogen peroxide, an in vitro scratch assay, and increasing collagen content was determined using fibroblast L929. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Results

WEA (3 μg/mL) promoted fibroblast L929 survivability up to more than 90% before and more than 85% after hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative stress. WEA (3 μg/mL) induced a 70% migration rate in the in vitro scratch assay and the collagen content was increased to 261 μg/mL compared to the control (57.5 μg/mL). WCM exhibited a scavenging activity for DPPH with an IC₅₀ value of 179.5 μg/mL comparable to BHT (139.3 μg/mL). WEA was active against Gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis with MIC values of 62.5 and 31.25 μg/mL, respectively.

Conclusion

These scientific findings of wound healing activity supports the traditional claims for Wedelia trilobata (L.) leaves. The WEA displayed antibacterial and fibroblast stimulatory activities while WCM exhibited antioxidant to indicate its potential wound healing properties. However further studies to isolate the antibacterial, antioxidant and fibroblast stimulatory compounds that contribute to the wound healing properties of this plant are needed.     

塔斯品碱对大鼠皮肤创伤和对成纤维细胞增殖及分泌的影响

目的:观察塔斯品碱(TA)对大鼠皮肤创伤愈合的作用及对成纤维细胞增殖和分泌生长因子的影响,探讨其促愈合作用机制.方法:建立大鼠皮肤损伤模型,采用组织学的方法评价愈合质量;体外培养L929成纤维细胞,MTT法观察TA对成纤维细胞增殖的影响,ELISA法测定TA对成纤维细胞分泌转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)及表皮生长因子(EGF)的影响.结果:TA 3.0和1.5 mg/ml溶液外涂对实验性大鼠皮肤损伤有加速修复作用;体外实验表明,0.05～0.4μg/ml TA可明显增加成纤维细胞对TGF-β1和EGF的分泌,其作用呈剂量依赖性,而对成纤维细胞的增殖无明显影响.结论:TA具有促伤口愈合作用,其作用可能与促进成纤维细胞分泌TGF-β1和EGF有关.     

Effects of Buddleja globosa leaf and its constituents relevant to wound healing

An aqueous extract of Buddleja globosa leaves, used traditionally in Chile for wound healing, was tested for the ability to stimulate growth of fibroblasts in vitro and for antioxidant activity in the same fibroblast cell system challenged with hydrogen peroxide. Low concentrations of the extract gave an increase in fibroblast growth which was not statistically significant but cytotoxicity was observed at concentrations greater than 50 microg/ml. The extract showed strong antioxidant effect and fractionation led to the isolation of three flavonoids and two caffeic acid derivatives, each of which was shown to contribute to the antioxidant effect at concentrations below 10 microg/ml. These activities would accelerate the healing of wounds.     

Evaluation of the wound healing property of Boesenbergia longiflora rhizomes

Ethnopharmacological relevance

The rhizomes of Boesenbergia longiflora (Wall.) Kuntze (Zingiberaceae) have been traditionally used for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, aphthous ulcer and abscess by decoction with alcohol.

Aim of the study

The rhizomes of Boesenbergia longiflora were carried out to investigate for anti-inflammatory and wound healing activities in order to support the traditional use.

Material and methods

The ethanolic extract of Boesenbergia longiflora and its fractions were tested using relevant in vitro anti-inflammatory and wound healing assays. For the in vitro studies, murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells and mouse fibroblast L929 cells were assessed for anti-inflammatory and fibroblast stimulatory activities, respectively. In vivo anti-inflammatory activity was determined by carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model as well as acute toxicity estimated by the up-and-down method in mice.

Results

The present study has demonstrated that the ethanolic extract of Boesenbergia longiflora rhizomes possesses a potent anti-inflammatory and wound healing activities. Among the isolated fractions, the CHCl₃ fraction showed potent anti-inflammatory effect through nitric oxide inhibitory activity (IC₅₀=5.5 μg/ml) and reduction of carrageenan-induced rat paw edema (ED₅₀=222.7 mg/kg), whereas this fraction exhibited wound healing property via fibroblast migration on both day 1 (77.3%) and day 2 (100%) as well as enhanced collagen production (187.5 μg/ml) at concentration of 3 μg/ml, compared to that of the controls, 39.4% for fibroblast and 60.8 μg/ml for collagen, respectively. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of the CHCl₃ fraction is found to suppress the iNOS and COX-2 mRNA expression.

Conclusion

The scientific investigation of wound healing activity of Boesenbergia longiflora rhizomes support the Thai traditional uses for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, aphthous ulcer and abscess. The EtOH extract and CHCl₃ fraction exert potential wound healing property through NO inhibition, anti-oxidant effect and stimulation of fibroblast migration and collagen production. The phytochemical screening revealed that the CHCl₃ fraction of Boesenbergia longiflora rhizomes contains diarylheptanoids, flavonoids and terpenes. The isolation of the compounds responsible for the wound healing effect is now in progress.     

Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of Buddleja globosa, Buddlejaceae

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Buddleja globosa, known as "matico", is employed in Chile for wound healing. AIM OF THE STUDY: To validate the traditional use of the crude drug through in vivo and in vitro evaluation of the anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antioxidant properties of its extracts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sequential hexane, dichloromethane, methanol and total methanol extracts were studied using bioguided fractionation. The following activities were investigated: analgesic (writhing test), oral and topic anti-inflammatory (paw- and ear-induced edema), free radical scavenging and antioxidant activities (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH, superoxide anion, lipid peroxidation and xanthine oxidase inhibition). Sodium naproxen, nimesulide, indomethacin were used as reference drugs for in vivo, quercetin and allopurinol for in vitro assays. RESULTS: A mixture of alpha- and beta-amyrins was isolated from the hexane extract that showed 41.2% of analgesic effect at 600 mg/kg, inhibited by 47.7 and 79.0% the arachidonic acid (AA) and 12-deoxyphorbol-13-decanoate (TPA)-induced inflammation at 3mg/20 microL/ear, respectively. A mixture of beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol, stigmastenol, stigmastanol and campesterol was isolated from the fraction CD4-N and beta-sitosterol-glycoside from the fraction CD5-N, reducing TPA-induced inflammation by 78.2 and 83.7% at 1mg/20 microL/ear, respectively. The fraction CD4-N at 300 mg/kg also showed analgesic activity (38.7%). The methanol extract at 600mg/kg per os showed anti-inflammatory effect (61.4%), topic anti-inflammatory (56.7% on TPA) and analgesic activity (38.5%). Verbascoside and luteolin-7-O-glucoside were the major components of the methanol extract; apigenin 7-O-glucoside was also detected. Inhibition of superoxide anion, lipoperoxidation, and DPPH bleaching effect was found in the methanol serial and global extracts. CONCLUSIONS: The present report demonstrate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of Buddleja globosa and validate its use in Chilean traditional medicine.     

In vitro evaluation of effects of two Ghanaian plants relevant to wound healing

Commelina diffusa and Spathodea campanulata are used as wound-healing agents in Ashanti traditional medicine in Ghana. The methanol extracts of Commelina diffusa herb and Spathodea campanulata bark showed some level of antimicrobial activity with C. diffusa exhibiting selective antifungal activity against Trichophyton species. The extracts reduced the peroxidation of bovine brain extract with an IC(50) value of 1.39 mg/mL and 0.24 mg/mL, respectively. In addition the extracts also exhibited significant antioxidant activity by protecting MRC-5 cells from hydrogen peroxide induced oxidant injury at concentrations between 1 microg/mL and 10 microg/mL. The extracts showed no inhibition of NF-kappaB at 100 microg/mL. The antioxidant activities and antimicrobial activities suggest that the use of the plants in wound healing may be based on antioxidant and antiseptic effects of its constituents.     

Fibroblast growth stimulation by extracts and compounds of Onosma argentatum roots

The roots of Onosma argentatum are used traditionally in Turkey for wound healing and burns. The n-hexane-dichloromethane extract of the roots, and four shikonin derivatives (deoxyshikonin, acetyl shikonin, 3-hydroxy-isovaleryl shikonin and 5,8-O-dimethyl acetyl shikonin) isolated from the n-hexane-dichloromethane extract were investigated for their ability to stimulate the growth of human amnion fibroblasts. A range of concentrations was studied and the extract found to stimulate the growth of human amnion fibroblasts in vitro at 0.1 microg/mL whilst 5,8-O-dimethyl acetyl shikonin had the same effect at 0.05-5 microg/mL, although cytotoxicity was observed at 50 microg/mL for all samples. The extract and all the other isolated compounds showed cytotoxicity at 10 microg/mL with the extract and 3-hydroxy-isovaleryl shikonin showing cytotoxicity at 5 microg/mL. It is suggested that any wound healing effect of the roots of Onosma argentatum might be partly due to an additive effect of the shikonin derivatives present.     

Investigation of biological activity of Lamii albi flos extracts

Methanol, ethyl acetate and heptane extracts of Lamium album L. (Lamiaceae) were tested for the toxicity or ability to stimulate growth of human skin fibroblasts (HSF) in vitro. The biological effect depended on the HSF cells density and on the kind and concentration of extract that was used. At a density of 1x10(5) HSF cells/mL no cytotoxicity of extracts was observed during 24 h of incubation. During 24-72 h of incubation with a low (2x10(4) HSF cells/mL) density of cells, significant cytotoxicity was observed for methanol and ethyl acetate extracts at concentrations greater than 125 microg/mL. At concentration of 25 microg/mL the cells remained intact. However, when the cells were incubated with the heptane extract, there was observed relative high viability (>60%) of cells and significant, gradually increasing in time, cellular mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity, measured by MTT assay. Stimulation of human skin fibroblasts proliferation by the heptane extract of Lamii albi flos may indicate for its usefulness of wound healing in vivo and probability of perspectives its use in designing new medicinal plant preparations. In order to determine the biologically active compounds, the plant extracts were separated by high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) on silica gel Si 60 F(254) combined with densitometry. Phenolic acids were investigated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).     

Effects of Rhus coriaria L (Anacardiaceae) on lipid peroxidation and free radical scavenging activity

In order to evaluate the antioxidant potential of Rhus coriaria L. (Anacardiaceae), a well-known spice, the methanolic extract (water-soluble part) was prepared and investigated using free radical-generating systems in vitro. The IC(50) value of the extract for lipid peroxidation was estimated as 1200 microg/mL in the Fe(+2)-ascorbate system while those for superoxide-scavenging activity in the xanthine-xanthine oxidase method and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity in the deoxyribose decomposition method were 282.92 microg/mL and 3850 microg/mL, respectively. These data suggest that the methanolic extracts of Rhus coriaria L. fruits have considerable antioxidant activity against free radicals and lipid peroxidation in vitro, a fact that may encourage in vivo studies.     

Genotoxicity of Achillea millefolium essential oil in diploid cells of Aspergillus nidulans

The essential oil of Achillea millefolium is commonly used in folk medicine for the treatment of several diseases and has been demonstrated previously to exert an in vitro antimicrobial activity against human pathogens. Current study investigates the genotoxic activity of A. millefolium oil. The oil's major constituents are: chamazulene (42.15%), sabinene (19.72%), terpin-4-ol (5.22%), beta-caryophyllene (4.44%) and eucalyptol (3.10%), comprising 74.63% of the total. The oil's genotoxic evaluation was performed at concentrations of 0.13 microL/mL, 0.19 microL/mL and 0.25 microL/mL with a heterozygous diploid strain of Aspergillus nidulans, named A757//UT448, with green conidia. A statistically significant increasing number of yellow and white mitotic recombinants, per colony, of the diploid strain was reported after oil treatment with 0.19 microL/mL and 0.25 microL/mL concentrations. The genotoxicity of the oil was associated with the induction of mitotic non-disjunction or crossing-over by oil.     

地龙对新西兰大白兔背部创伤愈合作用的机制研究

 目的：通过对地龙促进创伤模型愈合的实验观察研究,探讨地龙的促愈合作用机制。方法：在新西兰大白兔背部制作创伤模型,外敷地龙提取液,进行肉眼观察、病理学检查、免疫组化分析和电镜观察,并分别用bFGF和0.02mol／L的地龙提取液溶媒做阳性对照和阴性对照。结果：肉眼观察发现地龙组表皮、肌肉的愈合率明显比阴性对照组高;病理学检查表明地龙能促进肉芽组织中的成纤维细胞、毛细血管、胶原纤维和DNA的增长;免疫组化分析结果表明地龙能显著地增加肌肉组织中肌动蛋白的数量,有利于伤口的收缩,电镜观察发现地龙组肉芽组织中细胞功能旺盛。结论：地龙具有显著地促进创伤愈合的作用。     

生肌红粉膏对碱性成纤维生长因子含量及创面修复的影响

目的 探讨生肌红粉膏对创面组织中碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(basic fibroblast growth factor,bFGF)含量的影响及促进创面愈合的机理.方法 制作实验兔背部皮肤缺损感染模型,采用自体对照,将家兔背部两侧的创面分别给予生肌红粉纱条换药(治疗组)和凡士林纱条换药(对照组).观察创面组织的显微结构,并测定创面 bFGF含量的变化.结果 第7天时,生肌红粉膏组创面中成纤维细胞、炎性细胞、胶原、血管的数量明显多于对照组.bFGF的含量在第3、7天均商于对照组(P<0.05).结论 生肌红粉青对创面组织中bFGF含量有提高作用,可能就是生肌红粉膏促进创面愈合的机理之一.     

In vitro growth stimulatory and in vivo wound healing studies on cycloartane-type saponins of Astragalus genus

Aim of the study

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the wound healing effects of the four chief saponins of Astragalus species [cycloastragenol (CA), astragaloside IV (AG), cyclocephaloside I (CCI) and cyclocanthoside E (CCE)].

Material and methods

Effects of cell viability and proliferation of the isolated compounds were evaluated by the MTT assay on human keratinocyte. The wound healing activity was studied by using in vitro wound healing, proliferation and migration scratch assay. In order to see in vivo effectiveness of the compounds, an animal study with Sprague-Dawley male rats at the age of 12 weeks was carried out, and then the main histological outcomes were investigated to observe reepithelization, neovascularization, and presence of inflammatory cells, granulation tissue amount and maturation.

Results

All the compounds increased both fibroblast proliferation and migration, but the effects were much superior for CA at 1 ng/ml concentration. Among the compounds, based on the histological findings, 5% CA preparation was found to be the most remarkable in vivo wound healing agent showing greater cell density, more regularly organized dermis and more newly formed blood vessels.

Conclusion

Results of this study indicate that the cycloartane-type saponins are the principal constituents responsible for wound healing activities of the roots of Astragalus species substantiating its use in traditional medicine.     

Effects of ginsenoside Rb1 at low doses on histamine, substance P, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 in the burn wound areas during the process of acute burn wound repair

AIM OF THE STUDY: We reported recently that the facilitating effects of ginsenosid Rb(1) on burn wound-healing might be due to the promotion of angiogenesis. Increased histamine, substance P (SP), and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 levels caused inflammation, and pain following severe burn wound injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We examined the effects of ginsenoside Rb1 on the histamine, SP, and MCP-1 levels in burn wound tissue during burn wound repair. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Ginsenoside Rb1 (1 ng/wound) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) (2.5 microg/wound) significantly increased the levels of MCP-1 on day 1 compared to the MCP-1 level in vehicle-treated mice. Histamine production of the burn wound area on day 7 was increased by topical application of ginsenoside Rb1 (100 fg-1 ng/wound) and bFGF. The number of mast cells migrating to the burn wound area was also increased by ginsenoside Rb1. Conversely, the increased SP production was reduced by ginsenoside Rb1. This finding suggests that the pain induction by burn injury may be reduced by ginsenoside Rb1. The facilitating actions of ginsenoside Rb1 on burn wound healing may be due to the increase in histamine production via the increase in mast cell migration to the burn wound area induced by the rapid elevation of MCP-1.     

生肌化瘀方及其拆方对大鼠创面成纤维细胞Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原合成的影响

目的：探讨生肌化瘀方及其拆方促进创面修复（呈皮肤修复）的作用机理。方法：采用体外培养创面肉芽组织成纤维细胞，以乳鼠皮肤成纤维细胞作对照，分别加入生肌方、化瘀方及生肌化瘀大小，小剂量药物血清，运用细胞化学ABC法检测成纤维细胞Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原的含量。：生肌方能够提高创面成纤维细胞Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原含量，且均高于模型组（P＜0．01）；化瘀方能够降低创面成纤维细胞Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原含量，且低于模型组（P＜0．01）；生肌化瘀方大、小剂量组Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原含量与正常组比较差异均无显著性（P＞0．05）。结论：生肌化瘀方能够促进创面修复，其可能的作用机理是通过调节Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原的比值来调控Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原代谢。     

生肌红粉膏对碱性成纤维生长因子含量及创面修复的影响

目的 探讨生肌红粉膏对创面组织中碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(basic fibroblast growth factor,bFGF)含量的影响及促进创面愈合的机理.方法 制作实验兔背部皮肤缺损感染模型,采用自体对照,将家兔背部两侧的创面分别给予生肌红粉纱条换药(治疗组)和凡士林纱条换药(对照组).观察创面组织的显微结构,并测定创面 bFGF含量的变化.结果 第7天时,生肌红粉膏组创面中成纤维细胞、炎性细胞、胶原、血管的数量明显多于对照组.bFGF的含量在第3、7天均商于对照组(P<0.05).结论 生肌红粉青对创面组织中bFGF含量有提高作用,可能就是生肌红粉膏促进创面愈合的机理之一.     

生肌红粉膏对碱性成纤维生长因子含量及创面修复的影响

目的 探讨生肌红粉膏对创面组织中碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(basic fibroblast growth factor,bFGF)含量的影响及促进创面愈合的机理.方法 制作实验兔背部皮肤缺损感染模型,采用自体对照,将家兔背部两侧的创面分别给予生肌红粉纱条换药(治疗组)和凡士林纱条换药(对照组).观察创面组织的显微结构,并测定创面 bFGF含量的变化.结果 第7天时,生肌红粉膏组创面中成纤维细胞、炎性细胞、胶原、血管的数量明显多于对照组.bFGF的含量在第3、7天均商于对照组(P<0.05).结论 生肌红粉青对创面组织中bFGF含量有提高作用,可能就是生肌红粉膏促进创面愈合的机理之一.     

Topical application of serine proteases from Wrightia tinctoria R. Br. (Apocyanaceae) latex augments healing of experimentally induced excision wound in mice

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Wrightia tinctoria R. Br. (Apocyanaceae) is a folk medicinal plant known to have immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and antihemorrhagic potential. Wrightia tinctoria latex is used for treatment of various clinical conditions including psoriasis, blisters, mouth ulcers, and extensively for topical application on fresh wounds to promote accelerated healing.

Aims of the study

To investigate the wound healing potential of Wrightia tinctoria latex proteases using a mouse model.

Materials and methods

Proteolytic activity of Wrightia tinctoria latex proteases (WTLP) was determined on various substrates (casein, gelatin and collagen (type-I and IV)). The thermal stability and the class of proteases present in WTLP were determined using heat treatment and specific protease inhibitors, respectively. Excision wound model in mice was used to evaluate the healing potential of WTLP application (twice daily, 10 mg/kg). Neosporin, a standard drug, was used for comparison. The progression of healing was monitored using physical (wound contraction), biochemical (collagen content, catalase and MMP activity) and histological examinations.

Results

WTLP contains thermostable serine proteases, which are completely inhibited by PMSF. WTLP showed strong caseinolytic, gelatinolytic and collagenolytic activity. The excision wound healing rate upon WTLP treatment was significantly higher than (>2-fold) the control group (49% vs. 18%, ^??p<0.01) on day 3 and throughout the study. PMSF pre-treated and heat denatured WTLP failed to promote wound healing. In addition, serial biochemical analysis of the granulation tissue demonstrated 1.5-fold more (2444±100 vs. 1579±121 µg/100 mg tissue) hydroxyproline content and 5.6-fold higher catalase activity (16.7±1.3 vs. 3±0.3 units/mg) compared to controls. Further, the enhanced collagen content and matrix metalloproteinase activity correlated with wound contraction rate following WTLP and Neosporin treatment. Histological analysis on day 9 confirmed complete epithelialization, re-establishment of skin structure and accelerated wound healing following WTLP treatment.

Conclusions

The thermostable serine proteases of Wrightia tinctoria latex are directly involved in the wound healing process. Our findings provide a biochemical basis for the role of WTLP in the enhancement of wound healing. The study supports traditional topical application of Wrightia tinctoria latex on fresh wounds to promote accelerated healing.     

Antimalarial activity of alkaloids isolated from Stephania rotunda

Stephania rotunda (Menispermaceae) is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of fever. Four major alkaloids: dehydroroemerine, tetrahydropalmatine, xylopinine, cepharanthine as well as aqueous extract (SA), dichloromethane extracts (SD1 and SD2) from this plant were tested against Plasmodium falciparum W2 in vitro. Dehydroroemerine, cepharanthine and SD1 were the most active against W2 with IC(50) of 0.36, 0.61microM and 0.7microg/mL, respectively. Their IC(50) on human monocytic THP1 cells were 10.8, 10.3microM and >250microg/mL, respectively. Cepharanthine, SD1 and SA were selected for in vivo antimalarial test against Plasmodium berghei in mice. The results of SD1 and SA at dose of 150mg/kg showed a decrease of 89 and 74% of parasitaemia by intra-peritoneal injection and 62.5 and 46.5% of parasitaemia by oral administration, respectively. The result of cepharanthine at dose of 10mg/kg showed a decrease of 47% of parasitaemia by intra-peritoneal injection and 50% of parasitaemia by oral administration. Drug interaction of chloroquine and major alkaloids indicates that cepharanthine-chloroquine and tetrahydropalmatine-xylopinine associations are synergistic. These results are in agreement with the use of this plant in the treatment of malaria. This is the first report on in vivo antimalarial investigation for Stephania rotunda.     

Anti-inflammatory,wound healing and in-vivo antioxidant properties of the leaves of Ficus amplissima Smith

Ethno pharmacological relevance

Ficus amplissima, commonly known as kal-itchchi, being used in folklore medicine, leaves juice is applied externally on old chronic wounds and the latex is applied on the wound.

Aim

There was no scientific evidence justifying the medicinal use of Ficus amplissima, therefore the present study was aimed at evaluation of anti-inflammatory, wound healing and in-vivo antioxidant activity of the plant.

Materials and methods

In the present study the acetone extract of Ficus amplissima leaves were studied for enzymatic antioxidant activity through different assays, anti-inflammatory by using carrageenan and histamine induced rat paw edema models (50 mg, 100 mg acetone extract) and wound healing activity by incorporating the two doses (1% (w/w) and 2% (w/w)) of acetone extract and simple ointment base B.P. in concentration of 0.5% (w/w) using excision and incision wound models in rats. In case of the excision wound model wound contraction and period of epithelization was studied while incision wound model was evaluated by determining tensile strength.

Results

Ficus amplissima leaves expressed the potent anti-inflammatory and in-vivo antioxidant activity where 100 mg acetone extract showed high activity. Treatment of wound with ointment containing 2% (w/w) acetone extract exhibited significant (P<0.001) wound healing activity.

Conclusion

The acetone extract of Ficus amplissima leaves exhibited better anti-inflammatory, wound healing and in-vivo antioxidant activity probably due to phenols constituents.