游泳应激对衰老小鼠学习记忆及脑内脂褐素含量的影响

用Ｄ－半乳糖化造成衰老小鼠模型，以游泳作为应激刺激，观察小鼠脑内脂褐素含量的变化以及跳台试验和一次性被动回避试验中小鼠学习记忆能力的影响。结果：①Ｄ－半乳糖组脑内脂褐素含量与空白组相比显著增加（Ｐ＜０．０１）；②Ｄ－半乳糖＋游泳应激组的脂褐素含量与Ｄ－半乳糖组相比明显减少（Ｐ＜０．０５）；③Ｄ－半乳糖＋游泳应激组其一次性被动回避试验的潜伏期以及跳台试验３０分后正确率均高于单纯Ｄ－半乳糖组（Ｐ＜０．０５），但２４小时后的正确率在两组动物之间无显著性差异     

适宜应激延缓衰老的机制研究

目的：探讨适宜应激延缓衰老的机理。方法：在用D－半乳糖诱导的衰老小鼠模型的基础上给予适宜的游泳应激（18℃,15min)连续六周后观察小鼠学习记忆能力的变化,分别测定其海马组织中SOD、MDA的含量,同时对海马中Na^ -K^ -ATP酶及Ca^2 ,Mg^2 -ATP酶泊活性、线粒体膜脂的流动性和线粒体中MDA的含量进行了检测。结果：D－半乳糖诱导的衰老小鼠在Y－迷宫中的学习记忆能力显著减退;海马中SOD含量减少,而MDA含量明显增加;线粒体的膜脂流动性降低,MDA含量也增加;同时,伴有Na^ -K^ -ATP,Ca^2 -ATP,Mg^2 -ATP酶活性的降低。进行适宜的游泳应激能显著地逆转上述化,使SOD含量增加,减少MDA的生成,改善线粒体膜脂的流动性,提高ATP酶的活性,结论：适宜的游泳应激可能通过调节机体内氧化和抗氧化系统之间的平衡而达到延缓衰老的作用。     

肉苁蓉多糖的纯化及其对T细胞功能调节的研究

研究肉苁蓉主要成分之—─—多糖对小鼠胸腺T细胞的功能调节。方法：采用沉淀法获肉苁蓉粗多糖，以DEAE－SephadexA－50和SephacrylS－200柱层析，获得肉苁蓉多糖（CDPS）。再采用噻唑蓝比色法（MTT）观察CDPS对小鼠脾、胸腺淋巴细胞增殖反应的影响及对正常小鼠脾淋巴细胞分泌IL－2的影响。结果：CDPS纯化后经SephacrylS－200鉴定为单一对称峰。CDPS体外实验，在12．5～200μg／ml浓度范围内，有单独和协同ConA、PHA促进小鼠胸腺淋巴细胞增殖的作用（P＜0．01）。CDPS在100μg／ml浓度时，能显著提高小鼠脾淋巴细胞分泌IL－2的能力．其IL－2活性明显高于对照组（P＜0．01）。结论：肉苁蓉多糖能增加小鼠脾、胸腺淋巴细胞的增殖反应，且与ConA、PHA有协同刺激小鼠胸腺淋巴细胞增殖的作用；并能显著提高小鼠脾脏T淋巴细胞分泌IL－2。     

三七皂苷单体Rg1对D-半乳糖模型鼠学习记忆和免疫功能的影响

目的 :探讨三七皂苷单体 Rg1对 D-半乳糖 ( D- gal)所致衰老模型鼠学习记忆行为和免疫功能的影响。方法 :Balb/c小鼠随机分为 4组 :衰老模型组、正常对照组、实验 组和实验 组。应用跳台和 Y-型迷路方法测定 D-半乳糖衰老模型鼠学习记忆行为 ;采用 3 H- Td R掺入法测定小鼠胸腺、脾细胞的增殖能力 ;生物活性检测法测定 IL- 2和 TNF- α水平的变化。结果 :三七皂苷单体 Rg1能明显提高衰老模型鼠对电刺激的逃避能力 ,改善 D- gal所致学习记忆能力下降。同时三七皂苷Rg1能明显增强衰老模型鼠胸腺和脾细胞增殖能力 ,对 IL- 2水平有所提高 ,血清 TNF- α的细胞毒作用较模型组降低。结论 :三七皂苷单体 Rg1能改善衰老模型鼠学习记忆能力并调节免疫功能。     

IFN-PDS合剂对流感病毒感染小鼠T淋巴细胞增殖反应性的影响

目的：探讨人参二醇皂苷与干扰素（IFN-PDS）合剂对肺型流感病毒感染小鼠T淋巴细胞功能的影响。 方法：清洁级昆明系小鼠60只,以流感病毒甲I型鼠肺适应株复制染毒模型。分为对照组（ConG）、染毒模型组（VIG）、PDS治疗组（PDSG）、IFN治疗组（IFNG）及IFN-PDS治疗组（IFN-PDSG）。应用MTT法测定脾和胸腺T淋巴细胞增殖功能。 结果：①VIG脾指数和ConA诱导的脾、胸腺细胞增殖反应性明显地高于ConG (P<0.01、P<0.05);② PDSG、IFNG和IFN-PDSG脾细胞自身增殖反应性,均显著地高于VIG（P<0.01、P<0.05和P<0.01）,而PDSG、IFN-PDSG ConA诱导脾细胞增殖反应性显著低于VIG（P<0.05,P<0.01）;③ConA诱导胸腺细胞增殖反应性,PDSG、IFNG和IFN-PDSG均低于VIG（P<0.01、P<0.05、P<0.05）。 结论：流感病毒可直接刺激脾、胸腺T淋巴细胞增殖,并明显地提高ConA诱导的T细胞增殖反应性; PDS、IFN-PDS增加流感病毒感染小鼠脾淋巴细胞自身增殖反应性,但对ConA诱导的脾、胸腺细胞过强的增殖反应性有抑制作用,显示对T淋巴细胞功能有双向调节作用。     

牛磺酸对实验动物免疫功能及游泳耐力的影响

目的:研究牛磺酸对机体的免疫功能和运动耐力的影响。方法:以小鼠作为研究对象,用于检测指标的实验动物均分为三组,杏仁露组、杏仁露 牛磺酸组和对照组,采用灌胃方式,14 d后以脾指数、迟发性变态反应、血清溶血素水平、B淋巴细胞和T淋巴细胞增殖指数和游泳时间作为观察指标。结果:牛磺酸可增强小鼠的SRBC-DTH水平和使脾指数增高,并可显著刺激小鼠脾内B淋巴细胞的增殖,增强其B淋巴细胞的溶血素抗体的分泌,延长小鼠的游泳时间;但对T细胞的增殖无明显作用。结论:该结果表明牛磺酸可调节实验动物的免疫功能和增强其运动耐力。     

32P玻璃微球瘤内注射抗肿瘤作用及对免疫功能的影响

目的观察^32P玻璃微球（^32P-GMS）抑瘤效果及对免疫功能的影响。方法称重法检测^32P-GMS对小鼠S180肉瘤的抑瘤率,脾淋巴细胞转化实验检测^32P-GMS对S180肉瘤小鼠淋巴细胞转化功能的影响,观察小鼠淋巴细胞对豆刀素A（ConA）和脂多糖（LPS）的刺激增殖作用。结果^32P-GMS瘤内注射抗肿瘤的抑瘤率分别为15．1％,20．3％,32．4％,模型组和^32P-GMS治疗组小鼠胸腺细胞和脾淋巴细胞的免疫功能均有不同程度抑制,并随^32P-GMS剂量的增大,抑制愈明显。结论^32P-GMS瘤内注射很强的抗肿瘤作用,^32P-GMS照射亦可加重小鼠免疫功能抑制。     

不同应激强度对小鼠衰老进程影响差异的研究

目的研究不同强度应激对小鼠衰老改变影响的差异。方法对于Ｄ－半乳糖进行衰老诱导的小鼠同步进行不同水温（１２℃、１８℃、２５℃）游泳应激训练，连续六周后，进行开场行为、学习记忆能力、脑ＭＤＡ含量及海马ＳＯＤ活性测定。结果１８℃及２５℃水温应激训练有对抗Ｄ－半乳糖所致行为和学习记忆能力减退的作用（Ｐ＜０．０１），同时脑中抗氧化能力提高（Ｐ＜０．０５）；而１２℃水温组学习记忆能力进一步减退，海马ＳＯＤ活性进一步下降（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论应激对机体的影响具有双重性；适量的应激刺激可逆转机体的衰老改变，提高动物的学习记忆能力，而过强的应激刺激有加速衰老进程的倾向。两种应激对机体抗氧化能力的不同改变可能是引起这一差异的原因。     

昆明医科大学微生物学与免疫学教研室，云南 昆明 650500

［摘要］目的　研究人工培养云南虫草菌粉（yunnan cordyceps sinensis,YNCS）的免疫调节作用．方法　ICR小鼠随机分组,每天用不同剂量的YNCS灌胃,用环磷酰胺（CY）诱导免疫功能低下模型,通过观察免疫器官、吞噬细胞功能、淋巴细胞增殖、血清凝集素、T细胞亚群等指标变化来判断YNCS对机体的免疫调节作用．结果　YNCS对小鼠的胸腺指数和脾指数有上调作用;YNCS低剂量对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能有增强作用;低、中剂量YNCS组ConA、LPS刺激淋巴细胞增殖比模型对照组显著增高（P＜0.01）;YNCS低、中剂量对小鼠L3T4+ T淋巴细胞有上调作用,并使L3T4+ 淋巴细胞和L3T4+/Lyt2+ 比值恢复接近正常水平．YNCS低、中、高剂量组对小鼠凝集素有明显提高作用（P＜0.01）．结论　YNCS可以上调免疫功能抑制小鼠胸腺指数和脾指数,促进T淋巴细胞的增殖,调节小鼠T细胞亚群,增加血清凝集素水平,从而调节小鼠免疫功能．同时,高剂量的YNCS对免疫有一定的抑制作用     

云南虫草菌粉免疫调节作用的实验动物研究

目的 研究人工培养云南虫草菌粉(yunnan cordyceps sinensis,YNCS)的免疫调节作用.方法 ICR小鼠随机分组,每天用不同剂量的YNCS灌胃,用环磷酰胺(CY)诱导免疫功能低下模型,通过观察免疫器官、吞噬细胞功能、淋巴细胞增殖、血清凝集素、T细胞亚群等指标变化来判断YNCS对机体的免疫调节作用.结果 YNCS对小鼠的胸腺指数和脾指数有上调作用;YNCS低剂量对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能有增强作用;低、中剂量YNCS组ConA、LPS刺激淋巴细胞增殖比模型对照组显著增高(P＜0.01);YNCS低、中剂量对小鼠L3T4+T淋巴细胞有上调作用,并使L3T4+淋巴细胞和L3Tg+/Lyt2+比值恢复接近正常水平.YNCS低、中、高剂量组对小鼠凝集素有明显提高作用(P＜0.01).结论 YNCS可以上调免疫功能抑制小鼠胸腺指数和脾指数,促进T淋巴细胞的增殖,调节小鼠T细胞亚群,增加血清凝集素水平,从而调节小鼠免疫功能.同时,高剂量的YNCS对免疫有一定的抑制作用.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.