浙江七叶树种子中三萜皂苷成分的分离和鉴定*

目的:研究浙江七叶树Aesculus chinensis Bunge var.chekiangensis(Huet Fang)Fang种子中的化学成分。方法:采用大孔吸附树脂柱色谱、高效液相色谱等方法进行分离和纯化,根据化合物的谱学数据鉴定其结构。结果:从浙江七叶树种子的70%乙醇提取物中分离得到3个三萜皂苷类化合物,分别鉴定为七叶树皂苷(escins)IVe和IVh及七叶树皂苷(aesculuside)A。结论:这3个化合物皆为首次从浙江七叶树种子中分离得到。     

欧洲七叶树的化学,药理作用和临床

综述了欧洲七叶树的化学，尤其是主要化学成分七叶皂苷、七叶树地和原花青素Ａ２的药理作用和临床应用。欧洲七叶树提取物，七叶皂苷和七叶树苷广泛髟于治疗外周慢性静脉机能不全。欧洲七叶树提取物和七叶皂苷影响毛细血管的通透性，因此二者常作为化妆品组分，促进微循环和防止皮肤老化。七叶树苷具有微血管动力活性，用以治疗脱发和蜂窝织炎。原花青素Ａ２具有强化抗化作用，可保护皮肤，抗紫外线损伤。     

HPLC法测定娑罗子中4种皂苷类成分的含量

目的:建立娑罗子药材中4种皂苷类成分的高效液相色谱测定方法。方法:色谱柱为Platinum EPS C18(4.6 mm×250mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-水-冰醋酸(30:70:1),检测波长为210 nm,流速为1.0 mL·min-1。结果:七叶皂苷Ⅰa、七叶皂苷Ⅰb、异七叶皂苷Ⅰa和异七叶皂苷Ⅰb的线性范围分别为2.06-20.56μg,2.25-22.46μg,2.21-22.12μg,2.01-20.04μg;加样回收率分别为97.57％,96.74％,97.56％,97.50％,RSD分别为1.54％,1.18％,1.14％,1.26％(n=5)。结论:方法简便、准确,可用于娑罗子药材的质量控制。     

注射用β-七叶皂苷钠在临床中的应用

注射用β-七叶皂苷钠(β-Ascinum Natrium prolnjectiore)的主要成分为七叶皂苷，是七叶树科植物天师栗(Aesculus Wilsonii Rehd)干燥成熟种子提取得到的三萜皂苷钠盐，其主要组分为七叶皂甙钠A、B、C、D，分子式为C55H85NaO24，本品为白色冻干疏松块状物，具有抗炎、抗渗出、抗水肿，增加静脉张力，改善血     

浙江七叶树种子中三萜皂苷成分的研究

目的研究传统中药浙江七叶树Aesculus chinensis Bunge var.chekiangensis(Hu et Fang)Fang种子中的皂苷类成分.方法采用大孔树脂柱色谱、高效液相色谱等方法进行分离和纯化,根据化合物的谱学数据鉴定其结构.结果从浙江七叶树种子的70%乙醇提取物中分得6个化合物,分别鉴定为七叶树皂苷(escins)IVc、IVd、Ia、Ib和异七叶树皂苷(isoescins)Ia、Ib.结论这6个化合物均为首次从浙江七叶树种子中分得.     

七叶皂苷钠导致的静脉炎的原因及护理方法

七叶皂苷钠是七叶树科植物天师栗的干燥成熟种子提取得到的三萜皂苷的钠盐,有抗炎、抗渗出、改善血液循环、促进血肿溶化和吸收、促进肾上腺皮质分泌皮质类固醇及清除氧自由基等广泛的药理作用。骨折后,损伤部位都有血管损伤,通透性增加,患肢疼痛、肿胀,七叶皂苷钠能恢复毛细血管的通透性,增加静脉张力、促进静脉回流,达到消肿的作用。     

七叶皂苷钠的研究进展

七叶皂苷类成分是七叶树属植物种子娑罗子中的主要有效成分.该文综述了七叶皂苷钠的化学成分、药理作用、不良反应等.七叶皂苷钠的药理作用广,新的研究进展不断出现.本文可为进一步开展七叶皂苷类成分研究开发、现有品种的技术升级、安全有效的应用于临床提供参考.     

β-七叶皂苷钠的临床应用范围及不良反应预防

<正>β-七叶皂苷钠,是从七叶树科植物的天师粟干燥成熟果实娑罗子中提取的一种含多脂键三萜皂苷钠盐,具有抗渗出、消肿胀、增加静脉张力、改善静脉回流、改善循环、促进脑功能恢复等作用,同时β-七叶皂苷钠具有皮质醇类化合物的抗炎作用,却无激素的不良反应。大量的临床资料表明本     

山茶种子总皂苷碱水解产物的化学成分

目的研究山茶[Camellia sinensis(L) O.Kuntze]种子总皂苷碱水解产物的化学成分。方法采用反复制备型反相HPLC法分离纯化,通过理化常数测定和波谱分析鉴定其化学结构。结果从山茶种子总皂苷的碱水解产物中分离得到5个去酰基茶皂苷类化合物,即desacyl-assamsaponin A(1)、desacyl-assamsaponin D(2)、desacyl-assamsaponin E(3)、desacyl-assamsaponin F(4)、desacyl-theasaponin E(5)。结论对山茶种子总皂苷碱水解产物化学成分系统研究尚属首次,可为山茶皂苷类化合物生物活性的构效关系研究提供参考。     

中国产山茶种子中总皂苷的分离与鉴定

目的 研究中国产山茶(Camellia sinensis)种子中皂苷类化学成分.方法 采用反复制备HPLC法分离纯化,通过理化常数测定和光谱分析鉴定其化学结构.结果 从中国产山茶种子中分离得到了7个茶皂苷类化合物,即茶叶皂苷Ⅰ(foliarheasaponin Ⅰ,1)、阿萨姆皂苷A(assamsaponin A,2)、阿萨姆皂苷B(assamsaponin B,3)、阿萨姆皂苷C(assamsaponin C,4)、阿萨姆皂苷D(assam-saponin D,5)、阿萨姆皂苷F(assamsaponin F,6)、阿萨姆皂苷Ⅰ(assamsaponin Ⅰ,7).结论 化合物1为首次从茶种子中分离得到.对中国产山茶种子化学成分的研究尚属首次.     

Four new triterpene saponins from the seeds of Aesculus chinensis

Two pairs of new geometrically isomeric triterpenoid saponins were isolated from the seeds of Aesculus chinensis and characterized as 28-acetyl-21-tigloylprotoaescigenin 3-O-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1 --> 2)] [beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1 --> 4)] [beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid (isoescin IIa, 1) and 28-acetyl-21-angeloylprotoaescigenin 3-O-[-beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1 --> 2)] [beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1 --> 4)] beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid (isoescin IIb, 2); 28-acetyl-21-tigloylbarringtogenol C 3-O-[beta-D-galactopyranosyl (1 --> 2)] [beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1 --> 4)] beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid (isoescin IIIa, 3) and 28-acetyl-21-angeloylbarringtogenol C 3-O-[beta-D-galactopyranosyl (1 --> 2)] [beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1 --> 4)] beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid (isoescin IIIb, 4). Their structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical evidence.     

风车草的化学成分

目的研究风车草的化学成分。方法利用色谱手段分离化学成分;用理化常数和波谱技术鉴定其结构。结果分离鉴定了6个化合物,分别为:β谷甾醇(1)、胡萝卜苷(2)、醉鱼草苷Ⅳb(3)、醉鱼草苷Ⅳ(4)、3β,16,β28 trihydroxyoleana 11,13(18)dien 3 yl[βDglucopyranosyl(1→2)][βDGlucopyranosyl(1→3)]βDfucopyranoside(5)、香蜂草苷(6)。结论化合物5为新化合物,6个化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

Identification of novel saponins from edible seeds of Japanese horse chestnut (Aesculus turbinata Blume) after treatment with wooden ashes and their nutraceutical activity

Natural seeds of Japanese horse chestnut (Aesculus turbinata Blume) contain large amounts of mixed triterpenoidal saponins called escins. Recent studies have shown that escins have several biological activities including anti-inflammatory action and inhibitory effects on the absorption of ethanol and glucose. For the edible utilization of the seeds, natural seeds are usually treated with wooden ashes to remove harshness. Here, we found the novel compounds derived from escins in the edible seeds after the food processing with wooden ashes. The instrumental analyses revealed the chemical structures of escins and the derivatives. These compounds are identified as four types of deacetylescins Ia, IIa, Ib, and IIb as well as two types of desacylescins I and II. To determine their biological activity, the purified compounds were tested for their potential nutraceutical activity. The oral glucose tolerance test in mice revealed that a single oral administration of the isolated components of deacetylescins at a dose of 100 mg/kg was clearly effective in attenuating the elevation of blood glucose levels. The inhibitory effects of escins and their derivatives were in the order of escins>deacetylescins>desacylescins. Moreover, we found the inhibitory activity of those compounds on pancreatic lipase. Escins were the most potent in inhibiting the enzyme activity, and followed by desacylescins and then deacetylescins. Taken together, our results suggest the potential usefulness of novel saponins including deacetylescins and desacylescins from edible seeds as novel sources for nutraceutical foods with anti-obese effects.     

野木瓜化学成分及其药理和临床研究进展

目的综述有关中药野木瓜的化学成分、药理作用及临床应用方面的研究进展。方法对近年来国内外期刊中有关文献进行检索和综述。结果野木瓜含有多种化学成分,主要有去甲五环三萜皂苷类化合物、木脂素苷类化合物、黄酮类和酚性成分等;药理作用方面,野木瓜具有镇痛抗炎、阻滞神经传导、放射增敏、抑制胃肠道平滑肌等药理活性;临床应用方面,野木瓜主要用于治疗腰椎间盘突出症、腰椎骨质增生、三叉神经痛、坐骨神经痛、神经性头痛、风湿关节痛等疾病。结论中药野木瓜资源丰富,具有多种生物活性,特别是镇痛抗炎活性显著,开发应用前景广阔。     

楤木化学成分的研究

目的 研究楤木的化学成分.方法 采用硅胶柱层析、Sephadex LH-20、ODS柱层析、半制备型高效液相色谱等分离方法进行分离纯化,经理化性质和波谱数据分析鉴定化合物结构.结果 分离鉴定了4个三萜皂苷类化合物,分别鉴定为elatoside K methyl ester(Ⅰ)、araloside Amethyl ester(Ⅱ)、pseudoginsenoside RTl butyl ester (Ⅲ)和太白楤木皂苷Ⅰ(Ⅳ).结论 化合物Ⅰ为新化合物,化合物Ⅱ～Ⅳ均为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

Determination of escin content in androgenic embryos and hairy root culture of Aesculus hippocastanum

Escin, a group of chemically related triterpenic glycosides, is widely used in commercial preparations for the treatment of venous insufficiency. Since the zygotic embryo cotyledons accumulate the highest amount of escin, it is currently extracted from the seeds of horse chestnut, Aesculus hippocastanum L. (Hippocastanaceae), on a large scale. As this material is available during only short period of the year, we studied the possibility of using plant tissue culture to obtain escin. For this purpose, the content of escin in androgenic embryos and hairy root cultures of horse chestnut was studied. Escin content was found to be dependent on the stage of androgenic embryo development and the type of phytoregulator supplemented to the nutritive medium. In the absence of phytoregulators, androgenic embryos at the globular stage of development contained approximately four times less escin than those at the cotyledonary stage. Inclusion of various phytoregulators in the nutritive media stimulated escin production. Among them, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) showed the most pronounced effect, with escin content almost reaching that found in zygotic embryos (6.77% versus 6.96%). Two hairy root clones produced substantial amounts of escin (3.57% and 4.09%), less than zygotic embryos, but higher than cotyledonary embryos on phytoregulator-free medium.     

Identification of novel saponins from edible seeds of Japanese horse chestnut (Aesculus turbinata Blume) after treatment with wooden ashes and their nutraceutical activity

Natural seeds of Japanese horse chestnut (Aesculus turbinata Blume) contain large amounts of mixed triterpenoidal saponins called escins. Recent studies have shown that escins have several biological activities including anti-inflammatory action and inhibitory effects on the absorption of ethanol and glucose. For the edible utilization of the seeds, natural seeds are usually treated with wooden ashes to remove harshness. Here, we found the novel compounds derived from escins in the edible seeds after the food processing with wooden ashes. The instrumental analyses revealed the chemical structures of escins and the derivatives. These compounds are identified as four types of deacetylescins Ia, IIa, Ib, and IIb as well as two types of desacylescins I and II. To determine their biological activity, the purified compounds were tested for their potential nutraceutical activity. The oral glucose tolerance test in mice revealed that a single oral administration of the isolated components of deacetylescins at a dose of 100 mg/kg was clearly effective in attenuating the elevation of blood glucose levels. The inhibitory effects of escins and their derivatives were in the order of escins > deacetylescins > desacylescins. Moreover, we found the inhibitory activity of those compounds on pancreatic lipase. Escins were the most potent in inhibiting the enzyme activity, and followed by desacylescins and then deacetylescins. Taken together, our results suggest the potential usefulness of novel saponins including deacetylescins and desacylescins from edible seeds as novel sources for nutraceutical foods with anti-obese effects.     

Endothelium protectant and contractile effects of the antivaricose principle escin in rat aorta

The triterpene saponin escin is the active component of the extract of seeds of Aesculus hippocastanum used in the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency. Escin is also used experimentally to increase membrane permeability in isolated cells. Since endothelial dysfunction is postulated to be involved in venous insufficiency, the possible endothelium-protectant effect of escin was explored in rat aortic rings, a model widely used to study such effects with cardiovascular agents. Escin enhanced endothelium-dependent relaxation induced by acetylcholine when such relaxation had been reduced by exposure to the superoxide ion generator pyrogallol. This effect was attributed to enhanced nitric oxide production by endothelial nitric oxide synthase, a calcium-dependent enzyme, activated by the increased endothelial cell permeability to calcium induced by escin. Another effect of escin thought to contribute to its therapeutic activity is its ability to produce venous contraction. The compound was found to induce concentration-related contraction also in rat aortic rings. This response was partially inhibited by removal of the endothelium or by preincubation with indomethacin, and was completely abolished by incubation in a calcium-free perfusion fluid. Contraction was considered to be due mainly to the aforementioned effect on calcium permeability, with some mediation by release of endothelial vasoconstrictor prostanoids. It was concluded that, in rat aorta, escin possesses an endothelium-protectant action and a direct contractile effect. The former could contribute to its beneficial effect in the treatment of venous insufficiency, while the latter could constitute a limiting side effect.