膀胱副神经节瘤的临床特点

目的 探讨膀胱副神经节瘤的临床诊治特点. 方法 回顾性分析1994年6月至2012年4月5例膀胱副神经节瘤患者的临床资料.男2例,女3例.年龄23 ～ 68岁,平均43岁.体检发现膀胱肿物2例,以间断无痛肉眼血尿为主要临床症状1例,1例表现为进行性排尿困难10年,另1例排尿时伴心悸、胸前区不适2年.1例有高血压病史6年,术前血压最高160/90 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa).膀胱镜检查可见膀胱内突起肿物或膀胱内呈外压性改变,肿瘤位于三角区1例,后壁1例,顶部1例,膀胱前壁2例,3例行病理活检,均为阴性.3例行术前内分泌检查提示血去甲肾上腺素明显升高,分别为1957、3581、60 500 pmol/L.2例术前诊断为膀胱副神经节瘤,1例考虑为脐尿管癌,另2例诊断为膀胱肿瘤. 结果 行开放膀胱部分切除1例,经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切1例,腹腔镜下膀胱部分切除3例.4例患者术中出现高血压危象,其中行经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切患者术中出现应激性心肌病,1例手术顺利.出血量20 ～800 ml,平均126 ml,1例输血600 ml.术后恢复顺利.随访3 ～ 48个月,患者血压正常,未见肿瘤复发. 结论 膀胱副神经节瘤临床少见,极易误诊,对于排尿时伴有血压变化、心悸、头晕等表现的膀胱肿瘤患者应高度警惕膀胱副神经节瘤的可能.膀胱部分切除术是治疗膀胱副神经节瘤的主要方法.     

膀胱副神经节瘤二例报告及文献复习

目的探讨膀胱副神经节瘤的临床病理特征及其诊治方法。 方法回顾性分析2例膀胱副神经节瘤患者的临床资料,分析该病的临床病理特征、诊断及治疗方法,并对相关文献进行回顾和总结。 结果病例1为无功能性肿瘤,体检发现膀胱占位,CT增强扫描明显强化,肿瘤为单发,行经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术。病例2为功能性肿瘤,主要临床表现为头痛、心悸、排尿后血压一过性升高,MRI增强结节不均匀强化,肿瘤为单发,术前降压扩容后行腹腔镜膀胱部分切除术,术后症状消失。术后病理诊断均为膀胱副神经节瘤。随访9~12个月,均无复发或转移。 结论膀胱副神经节瘤临床罕见,可分为功能性和非功能性,术前需充分检查及准备,术中预防血压波动引起的高血压危象,经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术及腹腔镜膀胱部分切除术均效果良好,术后需密切随访。     

膀胱副神经节瘤二例报告并文献复习

目的 总结膀胱副神经节瘤的临床特点及诊疗方法。方法 报告2例膀胱副神经节瘤诊治情况,并复习国内外有关文献。结果 2例均为女性,1例为功能性副神经节瘤,予苯苄胺控制血压至正常后行膀胱部分切除术。术后血压正常,排尿无头痛等;1例为非功能性副神经节瘤,经常规术前准备,行经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术。病理报告为副神经节瘤。术后效果均满意,分别随访2年和1年余,无复发。结论 功能性和非功能性膀胱副神经节瘤各有其特点,病理及免疫组化是确诊的唯一手段,手术治疗是主要治疗方法。     

膀胱副神经节瘤4例诊治分析及文献复习

目的探讨膀胱副神经节瘤的临床特点及诊治经验。方法回颐性分析我院2010年5月至201i年7月诊治的4例膀胱副神经节瘤患者的临床资料。其中女3例,男I例,年龄41～63岁。临床表现为高血压者2例,间歇性无痛肉眼血尿者1例,无症状者1例。4例中仅l例患者血去甲肾上腺素值明显高于正常。4例均行CT及膀胱镜检查。术前均按嗜铬细胞瘤做准备。结果3例行膀胱部分切除术,1例行肿瘤剜除术。术前2例高血压者术后血压恢复正常。术后随访6～20个月,未见肿瘤复发。结论膀胱副神经节瘤临床表现常缺乏特异性,膀胱非上皮肿瘤鉴别诊断时应考虑本病可能。血儿茶酚胺测定对膀胱副神经节瘤的定性诊断价值有限。CT和膀胱镜检查在肿瘤定位、定性诊断中起重要作用。膀胱部分切除术是首选的治疗方法,疗效确切,术前应充分扩容。     

膀胱副神经节瘤的诊断和治疗

目的：探讨膀胱副神经节瘤的临床特点及诊治疗效。方法：对5例膀胱副神经节瘤患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：5例患者,男2例,女3例,平均46（36～77）岁。经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切（TURBT）2例,开放膀胱部分切除术3例。5例患者随访1～7年,1例术后3年肿瘤复发行TURBT,术后病理诊断为移行细胞癌1～2级。1例术后6年复发,伴有左肾重度积水,左肾无功能,行根治性膀胱切除加左肾输尿管切除加右输尿管皮肤造口。3例患者未见肿瘤复发及转移。结论：膀胱副神经节瘤临床少见,其临床表现有一定特点,对于排尿时伴有相应副神经节瘤临床表现的患者应除外膀胱副神经节瘤的可能,治疗方法主要以手术为主。     

膀胱副神经节瘤的诊治（附3例报告）

目的：提高对膀胱副神经节瘤的诊断和治疗水平。方法：回顾性分析3例膀胱副神经节瘤患者的临床和病理资料：3例患者均有高血压病史,其中2例表现为排尿时阵发性高血压,1例表现为间歇性肉眼血尿。肿瘤直径1．5～3．0cm。2例行膀胱部分切除术,1例行TURBT术。结果：病理检查组织细胞多数为多边形,有的为梭形,富于嗜伊红细颗粒状胞浆,核分裂少见,间质富含毛细血管,个别细胞核有非典型性及多核瘤巨细胞。免疫组化染色CgA、NSE、Syn阳性,病理诊断为副神经节瘤。3例患者随访16～35个月,所有患者术后未见复发及转移,高血压治愈2例,明显改善1例。结论：膀胱副神经节瘤的典型表现为与排尿有关的阵发性头痛、头晕等高血压发作症状,少数可表现为肉眼血尿;应用B超、CT、膀胱镜可做定位诊断,尿VMA和儿茶酚胺可作定性诊断;由于可能诱发高血压危象,术前不主张活检。手术切除是首选治疗方法,术后应严密随访。     

膀胱副神经节瘤5例报告及文献复习

目的:探讨膀胱副神经节瘤的疾病特点及诊疗方法。方法:回顾性分析2012年3月～2019年1月在我院诊治的5例术后病理诊断为膀胱副神经节瘤患者的临床资料和随访结果。结果:5例患者均顺利完成手术治疗,术后病理组织表现为免疫组化不同程度的表达[嗜铬粒蛋白A(CgA)、突触素(Syn)、CD56等染色标记为阳性]。术后随访6～40个月,平均26.5个月,术前有血尿、头痛、心悸及排尿后血压升高等症状的患者于术后症状消失或逐渐缓解,5例患者术后均无复发或转移。结论:膀胱副神经节瘤在临床上非常罕见,且易误诊漏诊,需根据术后免疫组化进行明确诊断。其可分为功能性和非功能性,主要依据临床特征及内分泌检查进行鉴别。术前应进行定性和定位的辅助检查,目前膀胱副神经节瘤的治疗方案多样,手术治疗仍是首选方案,治疗后应长期规律随访。     

膀胱副神经节瘤1例

膀胱副神经节瘤是一种罕见的肿瘤疾病,因多位于黏膜下层和肌层之间,且具有潜在恶性,故极易误诊为膀胱尿路上皮癌。本例报道1例27岁女性膀胱副神经节瘤患者。该患者因“大量血尿”入院,彩超、CT、MRI均提示膀胱占位。全身麻醉下行经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切手术,术后组织病理及免疫组织化学提示副神经节瘤。出院后2周再次发生无痛性肉眼血尿,全身麻醉下行膀胱部分切除术,术后痊愈出院。正确地诊断膀胱副神经节瘤具有重要的临床价值,尤其是影像学检查对诊断至关重要。手术是膀胱副神经节瘤最有效的治疗方法,而膀胱部分切除术是膀胱副神经节瘤的主要手术方式。     

膀胱副神经节瘤:单中心7例报告

目的归纳膀胱副神经节瘤的临床一般特征、诊断及治疗。方法收集兰州大学第二医院2013年3月—2020年8月所有膀胱肿瘤患者术后病理结果,对术后病理证实为副神经节瘤的7例患者的临床资料及随访结果进行回顾性分析。结果7例中术前明确诊断2例。7例均成功完成手术治疗。经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术4例[2例术程平稳;2例术中出现血压剧烈波动,经过积极降压1例最终完成手术、另1例取活检后终止手术(院外积极酚苄明准备,3月后再次入院行腹腔镜下膀胱部分切除术)];1例行经尿道膀胱肿瘤激光剜除术,术程平稳;腹腔镜下膀胱部分切除3例(包括上述因术中血压无法有效控制中止手术者1例),平均手术时间130(30~180)min,平均术中出血30(20~50)mL。术后无相关并发症发生,术后住院3~5 d后恢复良好出院。1例发现肿瘤远处转移建议转外院继续治疗。7例均获随访,全身转移1例于外院治疗效果不佳,其余6例症状均有所改善,影像学检查未发现复发征象。远期结果仍有待进一步随访。结论膀胱副神经节瘤术前明确诊断困难,往往误诊为膀胱恶性肿瘤。手术为一线治疗方式,腹腔镜下膀胱部分切除术体现出微创优势,术后恢复快,部分选择性病例采用经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术,同样可取得良好临床结果。     

膀胱非上皮性良性肿瘤19例手术疗效

目的总结膀胱非上皮性良性肿瘤的临床治疗体会。方法对19例行手术治疗的膀胱非上皮性良性肿瘤患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。男9例,女10例;年龄29～62(45.26±10.15)岁;无临床症状12例,尿频、尿急2例,排尿晕厥2例,下腹疼痛不适3例。B超、CT及MRI检查发现19例膀胱占位,均行膀胱镜检查。结果本组19例均行手术治疗:7例行经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术,8例行开放性膀胱部分切除术,其余4例行腹腔镜膀胱部分切除术(其中3例膀胱镜联合腹腔镜行膀胱部分切除术)。术后病理异位前列腺4例、平滑肌瘤7例、副神经节瘤6例、子宫内膜异位症2例。术后随访5～60(31.15±13.94)月,均未见复发。结论膀胱非上皮性良性肿瘤临床少见,手术为主要治疗方法,根据膀胱肿瘤生长位置、大小、生长方式来选择合适的手术方式,对于腹腔镜下外凸不明显的肿瘤推荐行腹腔镜膀胱镜双镜联合行膀胱部分切除术,尤其膀胱嗜铬细胞瘤的治疗,可完整切除肿瘤,术中、术后并发症低,复发少见。     

Cystoscopy-assisted partial cystectomy for paraganglioma of the urinary bladder

A 39-year-old woman visited our hospital with a complaint of gross hematuria. Cystoscopy revealed a nodular tumor 3 cm in diameter in the posterior wall of the bladder. A transurethral resection was performed. This initial operation was complicated by unexpected intra-operative high blood pressure and visualization was obscured by bleeding. The histological diagnosis was paraganglioma. Therefore, a partial cystectomy was planned. Using cystoscopy, a 10 mm margin was identified and marked using electrocoagulation, followed by an open surgical procedure. After laparotomy, drainage veins were identified and ligated under the guidance of flexible cystoscopy lighting. Intra-operative blood pressure was stable during the operation, and the margin was negative for tumor.     

Paraganglioma of the urinary bladder: A case report and review of the Japanese literature.

We describe a patient with primary paraganglioma of the urinary bladder associated with typical clinical symptoms. Systolic blood pressure frequently increased to 300 mm Hg immediately after micturition. Levels of urinary vanillylmandelic acid excretion and serum norepinephrine were significantly elevated. The tumor was removed by partial cystectomy. Histological examination of the tumor revealed paraganglioma of the urinary bladder. Compared with a review of 53 similar cases reported in Japan, the distribution of age, sex and tumor location in the bladder differed from those described worldwide.     

Paraganglioma of the urinary bladder with pelvic metastasis

A 52-year-old male, diagnosed with paraganglioma of the urinary bladder, underwent transurethral resection of the bladder tumor 10 years ago. He was lost to follow-up after the operation but was recently admitted to our hospital for the treatment of nasopharyngeal cancer. However, refractory hypertension with palpitation was noted and a computed tomography scan revealed a round, well-defined mass at the right pelvic region. Retroperitoneal tumor excision surgery was performed and a subsequent pathological analysis revealed paraganglioma. The diagnosis of paraganglioma of the urinary bladder with pelvic metastasis was confirmed and his blood pressure returned to normal level without medication after the operation.     

Multiple paraganglioma of the urinary bladder

A 77-year-old woman who was treated for malignant melanoma was incidentally found to have a bladder tumor on a screening computed tomography (CT). On CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the tumor was detected as a well-enhanced tumor (4 x 5 cm at horizontal plane) on the left side of the bladder wall. Cystoscopy revealed a small non-papillary pedunculated tumor on the posterior wall and a submucosal tumor on the left side of the wall. We performed transurethral resection of the tumor on the posterior wall and biopsy of the tumor on the left side wall. The pathological diagnosis was paraganglioma of the urinary bladder. Serum and urine levels of noradrenaline and dopamine were elevated. 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy showed a significant uptake on the left side of the bladder. Blood pressure was normal at rest but elevated after micturition. No pelvic lymph node swelling or distant metastasis was detected. We performed partial cystectomy for the tumor on the left side wall. After operation, serum catecholamine level was normalized and post-voiding fatigue that was present before operation disappeared. Six months after operation, a followup CT revealed a small well-enhanced tumor on the anterior wall of the bladder. Her serum noradrenaline level was slightly elevated. However, she was normotensive and had no symptoms. Therefore, a careful follow-up continued for 2 years there after has revealed no increase in tumor size and no symptoms.     

腹腔镜膀胱嗜铬细胞瘤切除术

目的:探讨应用腹腔镜技术治疗膀胱嗜铬细胞瘤的可行性及疗效.方法:回顾分析为1例膀胱嗜铬细胞瘤患者施行腹腔镜膀胱嗜铬细胞瘤切除术的临床资料.术前均行B超、CT、MRI等检查,以明确诊断并定位,肿瘤43mm×32mm×30mm大.结果:手术顺利完成,手术时间100min,术中出血80ml,围手术期无并发症发生,术后住院7d...     

A case of bladder paraganglioma managed by transurethral approach, using holmium laser

A 78-year-old man was referred to our hospital with a bladder tumor. He suffered from headaches and palpitations after voiding. Cystoscopy and MRI showed a submucosal bladder tumor which localized submucosally without invasion to the muscular layer. The tumor was positive for 131I-MIBG scintigraphy and we diagnosed it as a bladder paraganglioma. We enucleated the tumor en bloc from the bladder using holmium laser via transurethral approach, with minimal alteration of blood pressure during the procedure. The enucleated tumor was evacuated out of the bladder with a morcellator.     

Extra-adrenal paraganglioma of a urinary bladder in an adolescent male: A rare case report

Introduction and importanceParaganglioma of the urinary bladder is unusual and reported rarely. The patient usually presents with the complaint of hematuria and fluctuating blood pressure.Case presentationWe discuss the case of a 21-year old male, who had been experiencing gross hematuria, was found to have a mass on ultrasonography. Further evaluation with contrast-enhanced computerized tomography (CECT) revealed an irregular soft tissue density of endophytic mass arising from the left posterior wall of the urinary bladder. The histopathological examination of the excised mass was suggestive of a tumor of neural origin, which was further confirmed as paraganglioma by immunohistochemistry.Clinical discussionImaging prior to the surgery must be done for a provisional diagnosis of paraganglioma to avoid fluctuating blood pressure during elective surgery. On histopathological examination tumor cells are arranged in the nest like fashion forming a specific ‘Zellballen’ pattern. Positive staining for synaptophysin and chromogranin in immunohistochemistry confirms the diagnosis.ConclusionIt is difficult to diagnose paraganglioma of the urinary bladder with the aid of imaging only, particularly if the patient presents without specific symptoms of fluctuating blood pressure. So, a multidisciplinary approach is essential for the diagnosis and proper therapy of this entity. However, prompt surgical resection is the mainstay of treatment.