75 g OGTT不同时间点血糖指标与妊娠期糖尿病产妇妊娠结局的关系分析

目的:研究75 g口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)不同时间点血糖指标与妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)产妇妊娠结局的关系。方法:403例GDM产妇,其75 g OGTT结果中仅1项血糖升高为A组(空腹血糖升高为A1组,1小时血糖升高为A2组,2小时血糖升高为A3组),2项血糖升高为B组(空腹及1小时血糖升高为B1组,空腹及2小时血糖升高为B2组,1小时及2小时血糖升高为B3组),3项血糖升高为C组。回顾性分析孕妇一般资料和妊娠结局。结果:A、B、C 3组孕妇甲状腺功能减退、妊娠期高血压疾病、剖宫产发生率及新生儿体质量指数(BMI)、胸围、巨大儿、早产、转入新生儿科发生率比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),C组母儿不良结局发生率高于A、B组;A2组新生儿BMI、胸围、胎儿窘迫及剖宫产发生率高于A1和A3组(P0.05);B3组巨大儿及剖宫产发生率低于B1与B2组。结论:75 g OGTT 3项时间点血糖均升高的GDM产妇母儿不良结局增加;空腹及任何1项服糖后血糖升高时,产妇剖宫产及新生儿巨大儿发生率增加;1小时血糖升高和新生儿BMI可能有关。     

妊娠期糖尿病孕妇不同血糖指标异常对妊娠结局的影响探究

目的 探究妊娠期糖尿病孕妇不同血糖指标异常对妊娠结局的影响。方法 选取120例接受产检的正常孕妇为对照组,另选取同期210例妊娠期糖尿病孕妇为研究组,按照口服葡萄糖耐量试验结果将研究组分为研究A组、研究B组和研究C组,每组70例。其中研究A组为空腹血糖异常,服糖后1 h、2 h的血糖指标正常,研究B组为空腹血糖异常,服糖后1h或2h有1个血糖指标异常;研究C组是空腹血糖异常,且服糖后1h、2h所有血糖指标均显示异常。对比各组妊娠结局及并发症情况。结果 研究组早产、胎儿窘迫、胎膜早破及巨大儿发生率分别为14.29%、4.76%、16.19%及10.00%明显高于对照组的6.67%、0、4.17%及3.33%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究A组、研究B组异常妊娠情况少于研究C组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组孕妇并发症发生率21.43%高于对照组的7.50%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 妊娠期糖尿病孕妇血糖指标异常影响妊娠结局,孕妇存在血糖异常指标越多,越容易出现不良妊娠结局,包括胎膜早破、早产及胎儿窘迫等。医务人员一定要高度重视妊娠期糖尿病...     

低危孕妇行妊娠期糖尿病筛选可行性研究

目的 :确定美国糖尿病协会 (ADA)推荐的妊娠期糖尿病筛选方案是否适合上海地区。方法 :1999年 5月～ 1999年 8月对上海地区 11家医院产前检查的 2 4～ 36孕周的 1910例孕妇 ,进行 75g口服葡萄糖耐量试验 (OGTT)。OGTT 3项指标中有 2项或 2项以上超过以下数值为妊娠期糖尿病 (GDM ) :空腹血糖值 (FBG) :5.3mmol L、服糖后 1h、2h(PG1、PG2 )值分别为 :10 .0mmol L、8.6mmol L。有一项异常者称为OGTT单项异常 (IGT)。比较低危人群组 (年龄 <2 5岁 ,孕前体重指数 <2 5kg m2 ,无家族糖尿病病史 ,无巨大儿、死胎、畸胎史 )及高危人群组GDM及IGT发病率的差异 ,及其两组围产儿预后和母亲妊娠高血压综合征发病的差异。结果 :1910例孕妇中低危人群组 4 0 5例 ,高危人群组 150 5例。GDM分别为 3例 (0 .74 % )和 52例 (3.4 6% )。IGT分别为 30例 (7.4 % )和 12 0例 (8.0 % ) ,低危人群组和高危人群组IGT者及GDM者中大于胎龄儿、巨大儿、剖宫产及妊高征发生率均无统计学差异 (P >0 .0 5)。结论 :ADA推荐的妊娠期糖尿病筛选方案不适合上海地区     

妊娠期糖尿病27例妊娠结局分析

目的 探讨妊娠期糖尿病对母婴的影响。方法 对妊娠28～30周的孕妇进行50g糖筛查试验，阳性者再行75g糖耐量试验确诊，并随访妊娠结局。结果 妊娠期糖尿病母婴患病率明显高于正常组。结论 应对妊娠28～30周的孕妇进行50g糖筛查试验，确诊为妊娠期糖尿病者应予治疗与监测。     

270例妊娠期糖尿病患者50g GCT和75g OGTT结果分析

妊娠期糖尿病(gestational d iabetesm ellitus,GDM)是指妊娠期间首次发生或发现的糖代谢异常,是一种常见的妊娠并发症,患GDM的孕妇常无症状,空腹血糖也正常,需借助葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)确诊。目前GDM筛查、确诊的方法及标准尚未统一,是产科临床有争议的问题。本研究对270例GDM     

妊娠期糖尿病孕中期OGTT指标与围产结局分析

目的 探讨妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)患者孕中期OGTT指标与围产结局的关系.方法 纳入14 638例孕妇,根据孕中期OGTT结果分为:血糖正常组(NGT组)和血糖升高经治疗后达标组(GDM组).再将GDM组分为GDM Ⅰ组(1项血糖升高);GDM Ⅱ组(2项血糖升高)、GDM Ⅲ组(3项血糖升高),统计分析各组围产结局.结...     

妊娠期糖耐量异常影响妊娠结局分析

妊娠期糖耐量异常(GIGT)是指在妊娠期行糖耐量试验(Oral glucose tolerancete,OGTT)结果4项中有任何1项超过或达到诊断标准的为糖耐量异常。不同地区发病率差异较大,估计中国发病率在5%左右[1]。近年来,随着妊娠期糖尿病     

糖筛查异常而糖耐量正常孕妇血糖变化与妊娠结局关系研究

目的了解糖筛查试验(GCT)异常而糖耐量试验(OGTT)正常孕妇的妊娠结局.方法采用回顾性研究方法,收集2003年1月至2004年12月在我院就诊的GCT异常而OGTT正常的孕妇359例.比较GCT和OGTT结果、胎儿大小、分娩方式.结果GCT异常而OGIT正常者巨大儿的发生率(11.1%)较GCT正常孕妇(5.8%)高.GCT异常而OGTT正常者巨大儿组孕妇空腹血糖、糖耐量中2小时血糖值和血糖累积浓度较其正常体重儿组大;糖耐量试验中.空腹血糖＞4.62 mmol/L、2小时血糖＞8.31 mmol/L、血糖累积浓度＞22.77 mmol/L者,其巨大儿发生率、剖宫产率增加.2小时血糖＞8.31 mmol/L时,血糖的值与胎儿的大小相关.结论围生期监护中,需重视GCT异常而OGTT正常孕妇的血糖控制,糖耐量中2小时血糖的监测对孕妇而言更为重要.     

妊娠期糖代谢异常导致巨大儿发生的危险因素分析

目的:探讨妊娠期糖代谢异常导致巨大儿发生的相关危险因素,为降低巨大儿的出生率提供科学依据。方法:回顾性分析2007年1月至2009年4月上海市第六人民医院产科收治的妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)孕妇125例和妊娠期糖耐量减低(GIGT)孕妇21例的临床资料。根据是否分娩巨大儿分为两组,采用t检验、卡方检验和多因素Logistic回归分析巨大儿发生的相关危险因素。结果:①单因素分析提示:与非巨大儿组孕妇相比,巨大儿组孕妇的糖尿病家族史、曾分娩巨大儿史、孕前体重、孕期体重增加、空腹血糖水平、OGTT-1小时血糖水平等因素分布差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。②Logistic多因素回归分析提示:空腹血糖水平升高、孕期体重增加、糖尿病家族史、分娩巨大儿史是巨大儿发生的主要危险因素。③空腹血糖≥5.3mmol/L的孕妇,随着血糖水平的升高,发生巨大儿的风险亦明显增加。结论:对妊娠期糖代谢异常孕妇,应加强其孕期体重和空腹血糖水平的监护和管理,以减少巨大儿的发生及改善相关不良妊娠结局。     

控制血糖对改善妊娠期糖尿病孕妇妊娠结局的意义

目的:探讨控制妊娠期糖尿病孕妇血糖对减少母体及围生儿并发症和改善妊娠结局的意义.方法:将70例妊娠期糖尿病孕妇根据治疗后血糖控制情况分成血糖控制满意组(A组,54例)与血糖控制不满意组(B组,16例),同80例正常孕妇的妊娠过程进行比较,分析在孕产妇和围生儿并发症方面有无差异.结果:经临床治疗后,A组只有妊娠期高血压疾病发生率高于对照组孕妇(P＜0.05),B组妊娠期高血压疾病、羊水过多、巨大儿、早产及新生儿窒息发生率均高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论:重视血糖筛查,及时诊断和治疗妊娠期糖尿病,选择合适的时间和方式终止妊娠可以有效的降低母儿并发症的发生率.     

Twin pregnancy outcomes for women with gestational diabetes mellitus compared with glucose tolerant women

OBJECTIVE: To examine pregnancy outcomes for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and a twin pregnancy compared with glucose tolerant women with a twin pregnancy. DESIGN: Comparison of selected pregnancy outcomes. SETTING: Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia. POPULATION: Women with GDM seen over a 10-year period by an endocrinologist, and women from a selected year of an obstetric database including Wollongong and Shellharbour Hospitals. METHODS: Examination of pregnancy outcome data from the two sources. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Fetal birthweights and method of delivery. RESULTS: There were 28 GDM women with a twin pregnancy from 1229 consecutive referrals (2.3%) of women with GDM for medical management. For comparison there were 29 glucose tolerant women with twin pregnancies evaluable who had delivered over a 1-year period. For the women with GDM and a twin pregnancy there were no significant differences in demographics or outcomes except for a higher rate of elective Caesarean section. CONCLUSION: The higher rate of Caesarean section appeared to be related to the combination of a twin pregnancy and GDM rather than the twin pregnancy or the GDM independently.     

Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus and gestational impaired glucose tolerance in pregnant women evaluated by National Diabetes Data Group and Carpenter and Coustan criteria

Objective

To determine the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and gestational impaired glucose tolerance (GIGT) using National Diabetes Data Group (NDDG), and Carpenter and Coustan (CC) criteria.

Method

Retrospective study of the prevalence of GDM and GIGT in 21 531 pregnant women screened for GDM between 2005 and 2007 using NDDG and CC criteria. Linear trends in prevalence of GDM and GIGT by age were calculated using logistic regression.

Results

Mean prevalence rates for GDM were 3.17% (95% CI, 3.05-3.29; n = 683) and 4.48% (95% CI, 4.36-4.6; n = 964) according to NDDG and CC criteria, respectively. Mean prevalence rates for GIGT were 1.97% (95% CI, 1.85-2.09; n = 426) and 2.46% (95% CI, 2.34-2.58; n = 529) according to NDDG and CC criteria, respectively. Prevalence of GDM and GIGT increased with increasing age with both criteria (P < 0.001). The prevalence of GDM increased by 41.1% and GIGT increased by 24.2% using the CC criteria compared with the NDDG criteria.

Conclusion

The prevalence of GDM and GIGT was higher when CC criteria were used compared with NDDG criteria, particularly in younger age groups. The prevalence of both GIGT and GDM increased with increasing age with both criteria.     

妊娠期糖尿病IADPSG诊断标准的探讨

目的:探讨国际糖尿病与妊娠关系研究协会(IADPSG)推荐的妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)新标准(2011年ADA诊断标准)是否适用于我国。方法:选取2011年6月至2012年2月在暨南大学附属第一医院妇产科产检的孕妇1101例,于妊娠24～28周行葡萄糖耐量实验(OGTT)。结果:(1)纳入研究的1054例孕妇OGTT空腹、1h、2h血糖的95%医学参考值分别为5.2、10.7、9.1 mmol/L;90%医学参考值分别为5.0、9.9、8.5mmol/L。(2)2011年ADA诊断标准诊断GDM的发病率为18.7%,显著高于第7版《妇产科学》诊断标准(4.2%)、日本诊断标准(4.4%)及本研究95%参考值(10.3%)(P'均<0.005);(3)空腹血糖与餐后1h血糖、餐后2h血糖的相关性较低;依据第7版《妇产科学》及2011年ADA诊断标准诊断为GDM者分别为44例和197例,其中空腹血糖≤4.4mmol/L者分别为11例(25%)和66例(33.5%)。结论:(1)在获得我国相关临床研究数据之前,IADPSG诊断标准在我国的全面推广会显著增加GDM发病率,值得商榷;(2)不建议使用空腹血糖排除GDM,即使空腹血糖≤4.4mmol/L。     

Use of oral glucose tolerance test in early pregnancy to predict late-onset gestational diabetes mellitus in high-risk women

AIM: To evaluate if any single plasma glucose level from the four values of the normal 100-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in early pregnancy (< or =20 weeks of gestation) could predict gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) diagnosed from a second OGTT in late pregnancy (28-32 weeks). METHODS: Glucose levels of pregnant women at high-risk for GDM, who had had a normal early OGTT, and who underwent the second test in late pregnancy, were studied. Each of the four plasma glucose values of the early OGTT was determined for sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV). The receiver operating characteristic curves of these four OGTT values were then constructed to find the optimal value to predict late-onset GDM. RESULTS: Of 193 pregnant women who had had a normal early OGTT, 154 also had a normal OGTT in late pregnancy while 39 had an abnormal test and were diagnosed with GDM. Among the four glucose values of the early OGTT, the 1-h value yielded the best diagnostic performance to predict late-onset GDM. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and area under the curve achieved from its optimal cutoff level of > or =155 mg/dL (8.6 mmol/L) were 89.7%, 64.3%, 38.9%, 96.1%, and 0.77, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A 1-h glucose value > or =155 mg/dL at the early OGTT yielded the best diagnostic performance. However, the low specificity and PPV rendered it suboptimal to predict late-onset GDM. Nevertheless, a considerable number of high-risk women could avoid the second OGTT in late pregnancy due to its high sensitivity and NPV.     

Serum YKL-40 levels in gestational diabetes mellitus

Objective: Serum YKL-40 levels are elevated in patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes. However, the correlation between YKL-40 and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remains unknown. The present study compared serum YKL-40 levels in pregnant women with GDM and those with normal glucose tolerance and evaluated the relationship between YKL-40 and insulin-resistant syndrome.

Methods: Thirty-five patients with GDM and 43 age-matched healthy pregnant women at 24–28 weeks of gestation were studied. In addition to anthropometric assessments, serum glucose, insulin, YKL-40, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein and glycated hemoglobin were measured in all subjects. All subjects underwent a 2-h 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Body mass index (BMI) and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were calculated.

Results: Fasting and 2?h serum YKL-40 levels were significantly higher in pregnant women with GDM compared with controls (77.3?±?29.3 versus 50.9?±?16.7 ng/mL, p?<?0.001, fasting concentrations; 63.5?±?20.1 versus 40.6?±?10.7 ng/mL, p?=?0.009, 2?h concentrations). OGTT had no effect on YKL-40 levels in either group (p?>?0.05). There were significant correlations between YKL-40 and glycated hemoglobin (β?=?0.37, p?=?0.006), fasting insulin (β?=?0.49, p?=?0.001) and HOMA-IR (β?=?0.18, p?=?0.015) in the GDM group.

Conclusions: Serum YKL-40 levels are elevated in patients with GDM but are unaffected by OGTT. YKL-40 levels are related to glycated hemoglobin, fasting insulin and HOMA-IR. These results suggest that YKL-40 may be a major contributor to GDM.     

Risk factors of abnormal carbohydrate metabolism after pregnancy complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus

Objective: In gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) abnormal glucose metabolism normalizes soon after delivery. However, the history of GDM predisposes to carbohydrate intolerance in the future. The aim of the study was to explore risk factors and to evaluate risk of glucose intolerance and diabetes mellitus in women with a history of GDM. Methods: 155 patients entered this case-control study. Participants fulfilled the inclusion criteria: a history of GDM, perinatal care in the study center. Medical and family history and laboratory findings were analyzed. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed. Results: 18.1% of patients presented impaired fasting glucose during the study, 20% presented impaired glucose tolerance and 23.2% presented diabetes mellitus. Gestational age at diagnosis of GDM, the results of OGTT during pregnancy, serum HbA1c concentration at 2nd and 3rd trimester, serum fructosamine concentration, symptoms of diabetic fetopathy in the neonate, the need for insulin therapy after delivery, maternal age at diagnosis of GDM and maternal body mass index before pregnancy were the significant risk factors of impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes in the future. Conclusion: GDM increases the risk of diabetes mellitus. Several risk factors of impaired carbohydrate metabolism can be distinguished in patients with a history of GDM.     

Glucose challenge test: Screening threshold for gestational diabetes mellitus and associated outcomes

Objective. To examine whether women with an 1-hour 50-g glucose challenge test (GCT) for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) between 120 and 140 mg/dL and ≥140 mg/dL are at risk of perinatal complications.

Study design. A retrospective cohort study of women with singleton pregnancies screened for GDM between 1988 and 2001 with a 1-hour 50-g GCT. Values of GCT were stratified into four subgroups: <120, 120–129, 130–139, and ≥140 mg/dL. Perinatal outcomes were compared using the Chi-square test and multivariable logistic regression analysis.

Results. There were 13 901 women meeting the study criteria. Compared to women with a GCT of <120 mg/dL, women with a GCT of 130–139 mg/dL and ≥140 mg/dL were more likely to have preeclampsia and operative vaginal or cesarean deliveries. Neonates born to women with a GCT of 130–139 mg/dL also had higher odds of having a 5-minute Apgar score <7 (odds ratio (OR) = 1.51, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–2.29), shoulder dystocia (OR = 2.02, 95% CI 1.16–2.55), birth trauma (OR = 1.47, 95% CI 1.06–2.02), and composite morbidity (OR = 1.25, 95% CI 1.03–1.51). Women with a GCT of ≥140 mg/dL had higher odds of macrosomia (OR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.13–1.54) and shoulder dystocia (OR = 1.68, 95% CI 1.11–2.55).

Conclusion. Women with GCT results of 130–139 mg/dL appear to be at increased risk for perinatal morbidity. Thus, utilizing a diagnostic test in women with a GCT above 130 mg/dL should be considered.     

妊娠期糖尿病产后糖代谢异常的危险因素

目的通过对妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)患者进行产后随访,回顾性分析影响GDM患者产后糖代谢变化的高危因素。方法收集2009年1月至2011年6月在河北省沧州市中心医院门诊产前检查并分娩的GDM患者236例,产后42d回访者158例,记录其孕前和孕期信息,包括:孕期年龄、身高、孕前体重、有否糖尿病家族史、孕期使用胰岛素情况、孕期并发症及合并症情况、新生儿出生时情况;并按OGTT试验结果分为研究组和对照组,进行高危因素筛查。结果研究组为60例糖耐量异常者,包括39例IGT/IFG患者和21例DM患者;对照组为98例糖耐量正常者,比较两组患者孕前、孕期和妊娠结局情况,结果可见高龄、糖尿病家族史、孕期应用胰岛素、合并子痫前期、早产是产后发生糖代谢异常的高危因素,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论存在高危因素的GDM患者产后糖代谢异常发生率较高,应针对性地对GDM患者进行产后临床筛查和随访。     

Significance of RBP4 in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus: a case-control study of Han Chinese women

The role of retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) in insulin resistance was recently identified. Our study investigated the correlation between RBP4 levels with lipid and glucose metabolism in a case-control study of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Between May 2008 and May 2010, 70 pregnant women (24–28 weeks gestation) were recruited, including 35 women with GDM and 35 healthy controls. Blood samples were collected prior to and after oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) to detect serum RBP4, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels; the insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) was calculated. Serum RBP4 levels in the GDM group were significantly higher than the control group (22.9?±?3.09?µg/ml versus 17.9?±?3.91?µg/ml; p?p?r?=?0.49, 0.49, 0.52,0.52, respectively; p?相似文献