颅内破裂动脉瘤夹闭术与血管内栓塞术后脑积水发生率的比较分析

目的 评价不同治疗方法对动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血（aSAH）患者分流依赖性脑积水发生率的影响。方法 回顾性分析2012年1月至2013年12月我院收治的557例aSAH患者的临床资料,其中夹闭术治疗291例,血管内栓塞术治疗266例;另外,通过计算机检索国内外数据库,并对符合标准的文献应用Review Manager 5.2软件进行Meta分析,系统评价夹闭术和血管内栓塞术对aSAH患者术后分流依赖性脑积水发生率的影响。结果 本组开颅夹闭术组分流依赖性脑积水发生率（46.7%,91/291）与血管内栓塞术组（53.3%,104/266）无显著差异（P>0.05）;脑室内出血和急性脑积水对两种治疗方式术后分流依赖性脑积水发生率无显著影响（P>0.05）。Meta分析共纳入符合要求文献9篇包含5 093例患者,其中开颅夹闭术组3 340例,血管内栓塞术组1 612例。两组治疗方法术后分流依赖性脑积水发生率无显著差异[优势比（OR）=0.84;95%可信区间（CI）为0.64~1.12;P=0.24]。对于存在脑室内出血的aSAH患者,血管内栓塞术后发生分流依赖性脑积水的几率明显降低（OR=0.56;95% CI为0.35~0.90;P=0.02）。结论 对于存在脑室内出血的aSAH患者,建议行血管内栓塞术治疗,有助于降低术后分流依赖性脑积水的几率。     

腰大池引流降低动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血后分流依赖性脑积水影响因素分析

目的探讨动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血术后分流依赖性脑积水发生情况及影响因素,旨在为改善动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者预后提供参考依据。方法选择我院2010-04—2014-04收治的205例动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血为观察对象,患者均给予腰大池引流术,采用自编问卷系统收集患者临床资料,采用描述性分析和二分类Logistic回归分析找出动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血术后分流依赖性脑积水情况及影响因素。结果动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血分流依赖性脑积水率为26.31%。多因素Logistic回归分析发现,年龄大(β=0.52,OR=1.68)、入院时Hunt-Hess分级高(β=1.86,OR=6.45)、入院时Fisher分级高(β=1.96,OR=7.10)、后循环动脉瘤破裂(β=0.67,OR=1.96)、脑室内出血(β=1.68,OR=5.39)、平均每日脑脊液引流量大(β=0.76,OR=2.14)是分流依赖性脑积水的危险因素。结论动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血分流依赖性脑积水率仍较高,继发因素受多方面原因影响,应采取针对性的预防干预措施降低动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血分流依赖性脑积水发生率,改善患者的预后。     

动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血后不同治疗方式对分流依赖性脑积水的影响

目的比较开颅夹闭和血管内栓塞对动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血(aSAH)术后发生分流依赖性脑积水的影响,探讨分流依赖性脑积水的高危因素。方法回顾性分析266例aSAH病人的临床资料,按治疗方式不同分为开颅夹闭组(164例)与血管内栓塞组(102例)。并将术后需行脑室-腹腔分流术的37例作为分流组,其他作为非分流组,对两组资料进行统计分析。结果开颅夹闭组和血管内栓塞组分流依赖性脑积水的发生率无明显差异(P0.05)。分流组与非分流组在年龄、Hunt-Hess分级、Fisher分级、伴脑室内出血方面差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而两组在发生急性脑积水及动脉瘤部位方面的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。经Logistic回归分析:年龄≥65岁、Hunt-HessⅣ~Ⅴ级、FisherⅢ~Ⅳ级、伴脑室内出血是发生分流依赖性脑积水的独立危险因素。结论对aSAH病人采取开颅夹闭或血管内栓塞术后,发生分流依赖性脑积水的情况并无差异;高龄、较差的起始神经系统状态及伴有脑室内出血的aSAH病人更易发生分流依赖性脑积水,应引起临床注意。     

动脉瘤破裂出血行血管内介入栓塞术后并发脑梗死临床分析

目的 探讨前交通动脉瘤破裂伴蛛网膜下腔出血行血管内介入栓塞术后并发脑梗死的独立危险因素。方法 回顾性分析2016-01—2020-04于梅州市人民医院确诊的前交通动脉瘤破裂伴蛛网膜下腔出血患者180例,将其中37例行血管内介入栓塞术后再梗死纳入脑梗死组,143例行血管内介入栓塞术后无脑梗死情况发生纳入非脑梗死组,以单因素分析对血管内介入栓塞术后并发脑梗死的影响因子进行筛选后,采用多因素Logistic分析寻求其独立危险因素。结果 单因素分析显示,神经功能障碍、脑积水、血肿、动脉瘤大小、宽颈动脉瘤、卒中史、高血压史、糖尿病史为血管内介入栓塞术后并发脑梗死的影响因子（P<0.05）;多因素Logistic回归分析显示,血肿（OR=2.421,P=0.010）、脑积水（OR=3.561,P=0.027）为血管内介入栓塞术后再梗死的独立危险因素。结论 前交通动脉瘤破裂伴蛛网膜下腔出血行血管内介入栓塞术后并发脑梗死的影响因素较多,临床应针对血肿、脑积水等常见危险因素进行预防和干预,可降低介入栓塞术后脑梗死的发生风险。     

表现为脑室出血的颅内破裂动脉瘤的诊治

目的 总结表现为脑室出血的颅内破裂动脉瘤的诊治经验。方法 回顾性分析15例表现为脑室出血的颅内破裂动脉瘤的临床资料,3例采用夹闭术+脑室外引流术;11例采用栓塞术+脑室外引流术;1例一期开颅脑室血肿清除术+责任动脉瘤夹闭术,二期栓塞治疗;术后随访6个月至6年。结果 术后死亡1例;并发慢性脑积水5例,分流术后症状缓解;栓塞后1年动脉瘤部分复发1例,再次栓塞治疗;改良Rankin量表评分0分2例,1分3例,2分5例,3分3例,5分1例。结论 疑似动脉瘤破裂的脑室出血应尽早行影像学检查明确诊断, 早期手术或栓塞治疗能取得良好疗效。     

早期栓塞和手术夹闭颅内破裂动脉瘤的疗效及安全性

目的 探讨基层医院早期栓塞和手术夹闭颅内破裂动脉瘤的疗效及安全性。方法 2014年5月至2016年4月收治颅内破裂动脉瘤68例,其中早期栓塞治疗33例（栓塞组）,手术夹闭治疗35例（夹闭组）。结果 术后1周,栓塞组NIHSS评分明显优于夹闭组（P<0.05）。术后随访3个月,栓塞组术后癫痫和缺血性脑梗死发生率均显著低于夹闭组（P<0.05）;两组脑积水发生率无明显差异（P>0.05）。栓塞组术后3个月存活率（96.97%,32/35）与夹闭组（88.57%,31/33）无显著差异（P>0.05）。结论 具备开展颅内动脉瘤的治疗条件的基层医院早期栓塞与开颅夹闭颅内破裂动脉瘤均具良好的疗效和安全性,但栓塞并发症较少。     

颅内破裂动脉瘤夹闭术后并发急性缺血性卒中危险因素分析

目的探讨颅内破裂动脉瘤夹闭术后并发急性缺血性卒中的相关危险因素。方法以2013年1月至2018年1月施行颅内动脉瘤夹闭术辅助脑室外引流术或去骨瓣减压术的颅内破裂动脉瘤患者为观察对象,单因素和多因素后退法Logistic回归分析筛查术后并发急性缺血性卒中的相关危险因素。结果共267例患者中62例(23.22%)颅内动脉瘤夹闭术后并发急性缺血性卒中;单因素与多因素Logistic回归分析一致提示,合并高血压(OR=1.695,95%CI:1.247～2.631;P=0.006)、入院时血糖升高(OR=4.206,95%CI:2.771～6.284;P=0.000)、术前Hunt-Hess分级≥Ⅲ级(OR=1.443,95%CI:1.205～1.872;P=0.017)、合并脑室出血(OR=1.947,95%CI:1.465～2.973;P=0.001)和急性脑积水(OR=3.221,95%CI:2.218～4.960;P=0.000)是颅内动脉瘤夹闭术后并发急性缺血性卒中的危险因素。结论合并高血压、入院时血糖升高、术前Hunt-Hess分级≥Ⅲ级、合并脑室出血和急性脑积水的颅内破裂动脉瘤患者夹闭术后易发生急性缺血性卒中。     

血管介入栓塞术治疗颅内动脉瘤破裂蛛网膜下腔出血的临床研究

目的观察血管介入栓塞术治疗颅内动脉瘤破裂蛛网膜下腔出血的临床疗效,并与传统开放血管夹闭术进行比较,以期为临床诊疗提供参考。方法分析2014年1月至2016年1月在我院接受治疗的颅内动脉瘤破裂蛛网膜下腔出血患者的临床资料。依据手术方式不同将患者分为观察组(血管介入栓塞术)及对照组(开颅血管夹闭术)。共纳入观察组患者176例,对照组患者120例。比较两组患者术后脑血管痉挛累积发生率。比较两组患者术前及术后48h外周血炎症指标,包括:C-反应蛋白(CRP)、白介素-8(IL-8)及IL-10。采用神经功能缺损量表(NDS)评估两组患者术后6个月神经功能缺损情况。结果观察组患者术后脑血管痉挛累积发生率显著低于对照组患者,具有统计学差异(10.80%,19/176vs 21.67%,26/120;Log-rankχ~2=6.723,P0.01)。术后,两组患者CRP及IL-8水平均显著升高(P0.05),但观察组患者显著低于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者治疗前后IL-10水平未见显著差异(P0.05)。两组患者均未出现围手术期死亡病例。术后观察组患者获得轻度(χ~2=4.984,P=0.026)及中度(χ~2=7.878,P=0.005)神经功能缺损的比例显著高于对照组,而重度神经功能缺损的比例显著低于对照组(χ~2=9.451,P=0.002)。结论血管介入栓塞治疗颅内动脉破裂蛛网膜下腔出血的近、远期疗效可靠。     

脑室、腰池外引流的应用与管理

目的探讨脑室、腰池外引流管的应用与管理,总结减少分流依赖性脑积水及颅内感染的经验。方法回顾性分析连续收治的102例破裂动脉瘤夹闭后对蛛网膜下腔出血的处理及28例脑室出血或积血脑室外引流的放置方法及疗效。破裂动脉瘤病人中,术中留置脑室外引流51例,术后行腰池引流或腰穿9例;对脑室出血病人均行脑室外引流。术中采用聚乙烯吡咯烷酮碘进行硬膜外冲洗;在留置脑室、脑池外引流期间,引流管内压力保持10～15cm H2O。结果本组外引流放置时间2～24d,术后无颅内感染发生。仅出现分流依赖性脑积水3例,均为动脉瘤病人。结论保持10～15cm H2O的脑室、脑池外引流压力及预防颅内感染是减少分流依赖性脑积水的重要措施。     

影响颅内动脉瘤栓塞术后破裂再出血危险因素多元Logistic回归分析

目的分析影响颅内动脉瘤栓塞术后破裂再出血危险因素。方法回顾性分析2011-07—2015-07于我院行颅内动脉瘤栓塞术的122例患者的临床资料,其中12例患者出现术后破裂再出血,采用单因素和多元Logistic回归分析影响颅内动脉瘤栓塞术后破裂再出血的危险因素。结果性别因素的差异无统计学意义(P0.05),年龄、病程、动脉瘤直径、动脉瘤栓塞程度和术后抗凝等因素的差异有统计学意义(P0.05);经多因素Logistic回归分析,危险因素的危险程度由高到低依次为致密栓塞(OR=5.423)、术后抗凝(OR=4.678)、动脉瘤直径≥10 mm(OR=3.982)、病程≥3a(OR=2.510)和年龄≥60岁(OR=1.525)。结论临床上影响颅内动脉瘤栓塞术后破裂再出血的危险因素较多,可用于指导临床治疗,以降低术后破裂再出血的发生率,改善预后效果。     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

腺垂体功能减退症临床特征变化分析

目的探讨腺垂体功能减退症患者的病因结构变化及临床表现。方法回顾性分析我院2013-01—2016-12住院及门诊78例腺垂体功能减退症患者的临床资料。结果男32例(41.03%),女46例(58.97%);诊断时年龄11~89岁,平均62.5岁;鞍区占位(包括术前及术后)52例(66.67%),席汉综合征8例(10.26%),空泡蝶鞍9例(11.65%),病因不明8例(10.26%),垂体-下丘脑发育不良1例(1.28%)。首次就诊科室:纳差厌食、恶心呕吐就诊于消化内科36例(46.15%)最常见。ACTH+TSH+Gn+G激素缺乏为19例最多,占24.36%,ACTH+TSH+Gn缺乏15例,占19.23%。结论腺垂体功能减退症病因结构发生变化,发病人群、首发症状及受累激素也不同,患者女性多于男性,发病年龄偏高,症状不典型,分布于临床多个科室,其中以低钠血症为首发临床表现就诊消化内科最多。     

Standards of instrumentation of EMG

Standardization of Electromyography (EMG) instrumentation is of particular importance to ensure high quality recordings. This consensus report on “Standards of Instrumentation of EMG” is an update and extension of the earlier IFCN Guidelines published in 1999. First, a panel of experts in different fields from different geographical distributions was invited to submit a section on their particular interest and expertise. Then, the merged document was circulated for comments and edits until a consensus emerged.The first sections in this document cover technical aspects such as instrumentation, EMG hardware and software including amplifiers and filters, digital signal analysis and instrumentation settings. Other sections cover the topics such as temporary storage, trigger and delay line, averaging, electrode types, stimulation techniques for optimal and standardised EMG examinations, and the artefacts electromyographers may face and safety rules they should follow. Finally, storage of data and databases, report generators and external communication are summarized.     

Effects of prevention of afferentation of the development of the chick optic lobe

BONDY, S. C., M. E. HARRINGTON AND C. L. ANDERSON. Effects of prevention of afferentation on the developmentof the chick optic lobe. BRAIN RES. BULL. 3(5) 411–413, 1978.—The effects of unilateral extirpation of the right optic cup of the three-day incubated chick embryo upon the rate of synthesis and the stability of DNA in the non-innervated optic lobe, have been studied. This surgical procedure prevents innervation of the optic lobe contralateral to the removed eye, while the other optic lobe is normally innervated by retinal ganglion cells of the remaining eye. At the 20th day of incubation, the DNA content of the non-innervated lobe was below that of the paired lobe receiving normal innervation. This deficiency of cell number was caused by two events; death of an excess number of neurons formed early in embryogenesis and a reduced rate of glial proliferation in the later stages of incubation.     

《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》解读

2018年,国家卫生健康委员会等10部委联合发布《关于印发全国社会心理服务体系建设试点工作方案的通知》,四川省绵阳市被列为全国第一批试点地区。绵阳市人民政府依据《中华人民共和国精神卫生法》等相关法律法规和文件精神,结合前期调查研究和社会心理服务工作的试点实际,编制出台了《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》,并于2021年12月25日起施行。本文围绕社会心理服务的相关概念、办法总则、重点内容、保障措施等方面进行解读,以期为社会心理服务工作的规范、持续和有效开展提供参考。     

帕金森病运动症状进展分析

目的分析帕金森病(PD)患者运动症状进展特点。方法采用PD统一评分量表(UPDRS)Ⅲ对912例PD患者进行评估。结果与病程1年的患者比较,除病程1~2年的患者外,其他病程患者的UPDRSⅢ评分、强直分、姿势或步态异常分、轴性症状总分、言语分、步态分显著升高(均P0.05),病程5~6年及14年患者的震颤分,病程5~6年、7~8年、9~13年、14年患者的运动迟缓分、姿势分显著升高(P0.05~0.01)。轴性症状进展速度高于UPDRSⅢ评分。结论 PD患者病程早期UPDRSⅢ评分进展快,震颤症状进展独立于其他症状,轴性症状评分较UPDRSⅢ更敏感地反映疾病加重趋势。     

Release of endogenous catecholamines from slices of hypothalamus of rats

The release of endogenous catecholamines from superfused slices of rat hypothalamus was studied under basal conditions and during release evoked by 40 mM K⁺. Catecholamines in superfusates, and in extracts of the tissue after stimulation, were isolated by column chromatography and quantitated by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Norepinephrine (NE) was not consistently demonstrable in superfusate collected under basal conditions, but 40 mM K⁺ caused the release of from 2 to 4 ng/g of tissue per min. The addition of cocaine to the superfusate caused increases in basal and evoked release of NE. Epinephrine (E) could be measured in superfusates of slices from male but not female rats and then only when cocaine was added to the superfusate. Accordingly, the concentration of E in hypothalamus was greater in male rats than in female rats. Dopamine (DA) was not consistently measurable in the spontaneous overflow from slices either in the presence or absence of cocaine. K⁺-evoked release of DA could be demonstrated in slices from female rats. The addition of cocaine increased the evoked release of DA from slices from both sexes. Corticosterone, added to cocaine, had no effects on the efflux of any of the catecholamines. The experiments suggest that neuronal reuptake of all catecholamines is very efficient in the hypothalamus both under basal conditions and during evoked release.     

Frequency of accumulation of filaments in adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells of myelinated fibers of rat spinal roots

Summary The frequency of accumulation of 6-nm filaments in the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells in the 6th lumbar dorsal and ventral roots was evaluated in 4-, 8-, 26- and 45-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The frequency was higher in 4- and 8-week-old (growing) rats than in 26- and 45-week old (mature) rats, and also higher in ventral than in dorsal roots in 4-, 8- and 26-week old rats. There were no clusters on certain groups of myelinated fibers according to the size of transverse axonal area, in both the ventral and dorsal roots. Therefore, this accumulation may reflect certain functions of the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cell during natural growth and maturation of the axon and myelin sheath.     

Function of circle of Willis

Nearly 400 years ago, Thomas Willis described the arterial ring at the base of the brain (the circle of Willis, CW) and recognized it as a compensatory system in the case of arterial occlusion. This theory is still accepted. We present several arguments that via negativa should discard the compensatory theory. (1) Current theory is anthropocentric; it ignores other species and their analog structures. (2) Arterial pathologies are diseases of old age, appearing after gene propagation. (3) According to the current theory, evolution has foresight. (4) Its commonness among animals indicates that it is probably a convergent evolutionary structure. (5) It was observed that communicating arteries are too small for effective blood flow, and (6) missing or hypoplastic in the majority of the population. We infer that CW, under physiologic conditions, serves as a passive pressure dissipating system; without considerable blood flow, pressure is transferred from the high to low pressure end, the latter being another arterial component of CW. Pressure gradient exists because pulse wave and blood flow arrive into the skull through different cerebral arteries asynchronously, due to arterial tree asymmetry. Therefore, CW and its communicating arteries protect cerebral artery and blood–brain barrier from hemodynamic stress.     

阿立哌唑对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响

目的:比较阿立哌唑与利培酮对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响。方法:60例精神分裂患者随机平分为两组各30例,分别给予阿立哌唑和利培酮治疗。疗程8周。用生活质量综合评定问卷-74(GQOLI-74)、阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)及副反应量表(TESS)评定疗效及不良反应。结果:阿立哌唑与利培酮均能显著提高精神分裂症患者生活质量,但阿立哌唑在改善GQOLI-74总分、躯体健康及社会功能维度优于利培酮。结论:阿立哌唑治疗有利于提高精神分裂症患者生活质量。