应用复合钼蓝法测定药品中的微量砷

药典中很多药品有含砷限度的规定。测定的方法,在中华人民共和国药典里,在英国、美国、日本与"国际"药典里(A 法)都是用 Gutzeit 氏法。Gutzeit 氏法虽然简单、灵敏,但是不够专一,可定量的范围很狭,并且条件复杂,不易控制,结果往往不能一致。用它来测定锑剂(如(月弟)波芬 Stibophenum 与葡萄糖酸锑钠)中的砷时,结果常会差异很大。在德国药典裹测定杂质砷时;在中国、美国、日本药典裹测定锑剂中砷时,是用氯化亚锡还原法。在苏联药典里与"国际"药典里(B 法)测定杂质砷是用次磷酸还原法。这两法的反应,虽然可不被锑所妨碍;但是氯化亚锡法可测定的砷量范围也很狭,误差也很大,虽经改进,也不能令人满意。次磷酸则除这两缺点外,还加上灵敏度很低。因此用这些方法来测定,都不能得到满意的结果。     

酒石酸锑钾和葡萄糖酸锑钠合并应用的毒性研究

本文用Loewe图解分析法分析了五价葡萄糖酸锑钠与三价酒石酸锑钾合并应用时对小白鼠的毒性。结果发现用五价葡萄糖酸锑钠LD₅₀的1/4,1/2及3/4的剂量分别与三价酒石酸锑钾合并应用时,二种锑剂的毒性间有明显的对抗作用。     

治疗血吸虫病药物葡萄糖酸锑(Ⅲ)铵的初步研究

1.葡萄糖酸锑铵可由三氯化锑及葡萄糖酸的浓溶液,与浓氨水作用而得.亦可用亚锑酸乙酯及葡萄糖酸铵制备.在操作上以前法较简便.成品的含锑量可因锑化剂用量的多寡而不同。2.葡萄糖酸锑铵极易溶于水,水溶液加热或遇酸、鹼时均不稳定。水溶液与碘作用时,锑的氧化(由三价至五价)速度较慢,不能直接滴定,这一点和酒石酸锑钾(吐酒石)不同,后者可以直接用碘滴定,不必经过破坏。     

酮康唑治疗黑热病

过去治疗黑热病的首选药物为五价锑剂,但有许多患者复发或无效。酮康唑是一种抗真菌剂,曾用于治疗皮肤利什曼病,有良好疗效。该药能抑制数种利什曼原虫的固醇合成,使膜破裂并杀死原虫。作者将其试用于治疗黑热病。本文报道5例治疗结果。黑热病的诊断是基于临床表现以及脾脏,骨髓穿刺发现黑热病小体。在脾穿刺标本中根据寄生虫数最分为4级,即0(在100倍油镜下无黑热病小体)、1+(<100个)、2+(100～1000个)、3+(>1000个)。2例患者曾用葡萄糖酸锑钠(20mg/kg·d,共20天)治疗无效,另3例以前未接受任何治疗。病程为     

锑剂和砷剂合并应用的毒性研究

酒石酸锑钾和葡萄糖酸锑钠均含有微量砷,各国对此二种锑剂中砷量限度的规定并不相同。本文对于微量砷影响锑剂毒性的问题,用小白鼠进行了比较系统的研究。结果表明当砷含量在200ppm以下时对二种锑剂的毒性无明显影响,仅当砷含量增至2000—20000ppm时二种锑剂的毒性始相应增加。同时按Loewe图解分析法用小白鼠分析酒石酸锑钾(PAT_sbⅢ)与三氧化二砷(AS^Ⅲ)和葡萄糖酸锑钠(SAG_sbv)与砷酸氢二钠(AS^v)合用时的毒性,证明PAT_sbⅢ与AS^Ⅲ间,SAG_sbv与AS^v 间的毒性均呈相加作用。     

葡萄糖酸锑钠平均量和梯级量对黑热病的疗效对比

作者用葡萄糖酸锑钠治疗106例黑热病(男52,女54),年龄5mo-51a,平均10±s15a。在总量及疗程不变的条件下,将每天平均量与每天由小到大梯级量在疗效、复发率、毒副作用方面进行了对比。结果,2种不同用法疗效相同,但每天平均量治疗者的毒副作用及1a内复发率明显高于梯级量治疗者,经卡方检验有显著性差异(P<0.05)。     

脂质体剂型的开发:实用性考虑

脂质体载体经静注后,主要分布于富于网状内皮系的肝和脾,因而妨碍它进入其他靶组织。但对于网状内皮系方面的治疗,则能获得预期效果。例如包封五价锑剂葡萄糖酸锑钠(Pentostam)的脂质体,能显著提高对小鼠和仓鼠的实验性利什曼病的疗效。由于药物定向寄生虫感染的主要部位肝和脾,并且持续保持很高的药     

Nitro-PAPS直接光度法测定葡萄糖酸锌含量

目的建立一种快速、简便、灵敏分光光度法测定葡萄糖酸锌。方法在非离子型表面活性剂聚氧乙烯异辛基苯基醚(TritonX-100)存在下,用水溶性试剂2-(5-硝基-2-吡啶偶氮)-5-[N-正丙基-N-(3-磺酸丙基)氨基]苯酚二钠(简称N itro-PAPS)作显色剂直接光度法测定葡萄糖酸锌。结果该方法显色络合物最大吸收波长为576 nm,本法线性范围为0~10μg/10 m l,表观摩尔吸光数为1.26×105L.mol-1.cm-1,回收率为99.2%~101.7%。结论该法具有操作快速、简便、结果灵敏可靠等优点,应用本法直接测定补锌口服液葡萄糖酸锌含量,结果满意。     

药品检验

Ⅵ-58 片剂中乙酰水杨酸的非水溶液測定 H.H.Kavarna Indian J.Pharm.,1958,20,248 乙酰水杨酸片当含有其他药物,如非那西汀、咖啡因、苯巴比妥及硫酸奎宁等时,都不宜用英国药典(1958)或美国药典方法(第15版)来测定其乙酰水楊酸。如用比色法则操作也較冗長費时,因此,作者介紹一种非水溶液滴定法进行測定,不但手續簡易,而且快速。     

利用校正系数直接旋光法测定高浓度葡萄糖注射液含量的探讨

葡萄糖注射液的含量测定药典规定为旋光法.高浓度(25%或50%)葡萄糖注射液(下称高浓度糖)则需预先稀释成一定浓度后再测定,此法操作繁琐要求严格。高浓度糖若直接旋光法测定虽然操作简便但结果与药典法所测偏差较大。试验发现直接旋光法的结果均高于药典法〔刘金生中国医院药学杂志(5)47.1984〕并有一定规律性.根据这     

氨硫脲的容量测定法

碘量法测定氨硫脲(对乙酰氨基苯甲醛缩氨硫脲)有操作简便省时的优点,为硷量法和银盐重量法所不及.硷量法手续繁复,终点不够明显,银盐重量法虽准确,但费时较多.关于碘量法测定氨硫脲的结果文献记载有不一致处.本文仅就碘量法反应所需的条件进行试验,以求得适用于氨硫脲的含量测定法。     

七种常见巴比妥和导眠能的气液色谱法及其从脏器肝和尿中的检出

本文用浓度1.5%的OV-17和SE-52填充柱研究了巴比妥、异戊巴比妥、戊巴比妥、速可眠、硫喷妥、苯巴比妥、美导眠(Heptabarbitone)等七种常见巴比妥和导眠能的气液色谱分离检定条件并实际应用于从人尿,人肝、狗肝、兔肝中检出某些巴比妥类药物。同分异构体如异戊巴比妥和戊巴比妥用本法可以得到较明显的分离。一次色谱过程最多只要20分钟,故为一个快速、高效、灵敏的方法。     

Cyanide intoxication: protection with chlorpromazine.

Protection against cyanide intoxication in mice can be enhanced by the administration of chlorpromazine, providing it is given with sodium thiosulfate, or the sodium thiosulfate-sodium nitrite antidotal combination. Protency ratios which were derived from the LD50 values were compared in groups of mice premedicated with chlorpromazine (10 mg/kg) and/or sodium thiosulfate (1 g/kg) and/or sodium nitrite (100 mg/kg). These results indicate that the administration of chlorpromazine alone provides no protection against the lethal effects of cyanide. Chlorpromazine also does not enhance the protective effect of sodium nitrite; however, it strikingly potentiates the effectiveness of sodium thiosulfate either alone or in combination with sodium nitrite.     

安乃近有关物质检查

目地:建立安乃近原料有关物质检查的方法.方法:采用高效液相色谱法,选择十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂,磷酸盐缓冲液(磷酸二氢钠6.0g,加水1000ml,加三乙胺1ml,用氢氧化钠溶液调pH至7.0)-甲醇(75∶25)为流动相;检测波长254nm.结果:安乃近及4-N去甲基安乃近在5～50μg/ml的范围内呈线性,线性...     

Stereospecific effect of naloxone hydrochloride on cyanide intoxication

Cyanide intoxication in mice can be antagonized by the opiate antagonist, (-)naloxone HCl, alone or in combination with sodium thiosulfate and/or sodium nitrite. Potency ratios, derived from LD50 values, were compared in groups of mice pretreated with sodium nitrite (sc, 100 mg/kg), sodium thiosulfate (ip, 1 g/kg), and (-)naloxone HCl (sc, 10 mg/kg) either alone or in various combinations. These results indicate that naloxone HCl provides a significant protection against the lethal effects of potassium cyanide. The protective effect of sodium thiosulfate, but not sodium nitrite, was enhanced with (-)naloxone HCl. The combined administration of sodium nitrite and sodium thiosulfate was further enhanced with (-)naloxone HCl. This protective effect of naloxone HCl against the lethal effect of cyanide appears to be restricted to the (-)stereoisomer, as the (+)stereoisomer, the inactive opiate antagonist, is also inactive in protecting against the lethal effects of cyanide. The mechanism of antagonism is discussed.     

The efficacy of alpha-ketoglutaric acid in the antagonism of cyanide intoxication

It has been reported that compounds containing carbonyl groups can readily react with cyanide. Pyruvic acid, an alpha-ketocarboxylic acid, has been shown to antagonize the lethal effects of cyanide. It is suggested that its mechanism of action rests in its ability to react with or "bind" cyanide. In this study, alpha-ketoglutaric acid, also an alpha-ketocarboxylic acid, was evaluated for its ability to counteract the lethal effects of cyanide. alpha-Ketoglutaric acid increased the LD50 value of cyanide (6.7 mg/kg) by a factor of five, a value statistically equivalent to that ascertained in mice pretreated with sodium thiosulfate and sodium nitrite. The combination of alpha-ketoglutaric acid and sodium thiosulfate increased the LD50 value of cyanide to 101 mg/kg. Addition of sodium nitrite to the alpha-ketoglutaric acid/sodium thiosulfate regimen increased the LD50 value of cyanide to 119 mg/kg. Unlike sodium nitrite, no induction of methemoglobin formation was observed with alpha-ketoglutaric acid pretreatment. It is apparent from these studies that the administration of alpha-ketoglutaric acid in conjunction with sodium thiosulfate resulted in fewer animal deaths than sodium nitrite and sodium thiosulfate without the dangerous formation of methemoglobin.     

硫酸肼的工業制法

一、緒言硫酸肼在第二次世界大战前,还只是試驗室中的一种試剂.近几年来成为一种很重要的工業原料.它能还原許多金属氧化物,如二氧化錳等.从它可以作成肼或水合肼,便可以还原許多的金屬离子、金屬氧化物而生成純金屬,所以在制造金屬接触剂的     

硫代硫酸钠对呋喃西林溶液长期稳定性的考察

目的　考察硫代硫酸钠对 0 0 2 %呋喃西林溶液稳定性的影响。方法　配制加与不加硫代硫酸钠作抗氧剂的 0 0 2 %呋喃西林溶液各 2份 ,置同一室温采用避光与不避光条件存放半年 ,每隔一个月观察溶液颜色变化 ,测定pH值及含量。结果　加硫代硫酸钠组 ,放置 4个月后析出淡黄色沉淀 ,6个月后溶液颜色加深 ,含量降至不合格。不加硫代硫酸钠组放置半年避光者溶液颜色保持不变 ,含量保持在 98 3% ;不避光者溶液颜色稍加深 ,含量保持在 94 1%。结论　 0 0 2 %呋喃西林溶液不宜用硫代硫酸钠作抗氧剂 ,同时应避光保存     

Antagonism of cyanide intoxication with sodium pyruvate

Cyanide intoxication in mice can be effectively antagonized by sodium pyruvate, particularly if it is administered in combination with the antidotes, sodium nitrite and sodium thiosulfate. Potency ratios derived from the LD50 data were compared in groups of mice treated with sodium nitrite, sodium thiosulfate, and sodium pyruvate either alone or in various combinations. These results indicate that the administration of sodium pyruvate alone does provide minimal, but statistically significant, protection against the lethal effects of cyanide. Sodium pyruvate does not enhance the effect of sodium nitrite; however, it does potentiate the antidotal effect of sodium thiosulfate. The sodium thiosulfate and sodium pyruvate combination is not as effective as the sodium nitrite and sodium thiosulfate combination, but the addition of sodium pyruvate to the sodium nitrite-sodium thiosulfate combination further enhances the antidotal effect. No further enhancement is observed when sodium nitrite, sodium thiosulfate, and sodium pyruvate are combined with oxygen.     

Antagonism of cyanide poisoning by dihydroxyacetone

Dihydroxyacetone (DHA) effectively antagonized the lethal effect of cyanide in mice and rabbits, particularly if administered in combination with thiosulfate. Oral DHA (2 and 4 g/kg) given to mice 10 min before injection (i.p.) of cyanide increased the LD50 values of cyanide from 5.7 mg/kg to 12 and 17.6 mg/kg, respectively. DHA prevented cyanide-induced lethality most effectively, if given orally 10-15 min before injection of cyanide. A combination of pretreatment with oral DHA (4 g/kg) and post-treatment with sodium thiosulfate (1 g/kg) increased the LD50 of cyanide by a factor of 9.9. Furthermore, DHA given intravenously to rabbits 5 min after subcutaneous injection of cyanide increased the LD50 of cyanide from 6 mg/kg to more than 11 mg/kg, while thiosulfate (1 g/kg) given intravenously 5 min after cyanide injection increased the LD50 of cyanide only to 8.5 mg/kg. DHA also prevented the convulsions that occurred after cyanide intoxication.