Bone mineral density and body composition in adult patients with cystic fibrosis.

BACKGROUND--Cystic fibrosis is a multisystem disease characterised by chronic pulmonary sepsis and malnutrition. To ascertain whether osteoporosis is a feature of cystic fibrosis in adult patients, total body and regional bone mineral density (BMD) was measured in a group of eight men and eight women aged 17-42 years. METHODS--Total body and regional BMD (lumbar spine L2-L4, femoral neck, trochanteric, and Ward's triangle), as well as total body fat and lean mass, were measured by dual energy x ray absorptiometry. A range of biochemical, lifestyle, and anthropometric variables was also assessed. RESULTS--Patients with cystic fibrosis had significantly reduced bone density at all sites compared with normal young adults. The mean reductions ranged from 7% at Ward's triangle to 13% at the trochanter. Body mass index (BMI) was positively correlated with BMD at four sites and disease severity negatively correlated with BMD at two sites. Other biochemical and anthropometric variables were not predictive of bone density. Total body fat mass was reduced by 30% compared with normal young adults. CONCLUSIONS--Bone density is decreased in adult patients with cystic fibrosis and BMI and disease severity are independent predictors of bone density.     

体重体成分与骨密度的关系

为了研究体成分与骨密度（ＢＭＤ）之间的关系，因体重与ＢＭＤ显著相关，体成分各个组成相加等于体重，而体成分与ＢＭＤ的关系仍不清楚。方法随机选取２０６名１６～５２岁健康的男女性汉族人，用双能Ｘ射线吸收法（ＤＸＡ）测量ＢＭＤ与体成分，进行ＢＭＤ与体重，体成分的多元线性回归分析。结果体重，瘦组织（ＬＴＭ）与男女性的ＢＭＤ显著正相关，脂肪组织（ＦＴＭ）仅对女性全身，腰椎ＢＭＤ起显著性作用。结论影响男女性ＢＭＤ的体成分中，ＬＴＭ是主要因素，ＦＴＭ仅对女性ＢＭＤ有影响。本文较全面地研究了体成分与ＢＭＤ的关系。     

Bone mineral density, body composition and bone turnover in patients with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism

Patients with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) may have reduced peak bone mass in early adulthood, and increased risk for osteoporosis despite long-term hormonal replacement therapy (HRT). To investigate the relationship between HRT history and measures of bone health in patients with HH, we recruited 33 subjects (24 men, nine women; mean age 39.8 years, range: 24.0-69.1) with congenital HH (Kallmann syndrome or normosmic HH). They underwent clinical examination, were interviewed and medical charts were reviewed. Twenty-six subjects underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for evaluation of BMD of lumbar spine, hip, femoral neck and whole body; body composition and vertebral morphology were evaluated in 22 and 23 subjects, respectively. Circulating PINP, ICTP and sex hormone levels were measured. HRT history clearly associated to bone health: BMDs of lumbar spine, femoral neck, hip and whole body were lower in subjects (n = 9) who had had long (≥5 years) treatment pauses or low dose testosterone (T) treatment as compared to subjects without such history (n = 17; all p-values < 0.05). In addition, fat mass and body mass index (BMI) were significantly higher in men with deficient treatment history (median fat mass: 37.5 vs. 23.1%, p = 0.005; BMI: 32.6 vs. 25.2 kg/m(2), p < 0.05). Serum PINP correlated with ICTP (r(s) = 0.61; p < 0.005) in men, but these markers correlated neither with circulating T, nor with serum estradiol levels in women. In conclusion, patients with congenital HH require life-long follow-up to avoid inadequate HRT, long treatment pauses and further morbidity.     

Bone mineral density and body composition in men with systemic lupus erythematosus: a case control study

OBJECTIVE: To study the bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition in men with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS: Consecutive male patients who fulfilled > or =4 ACR criteria for SLE and age-matched healthy men were recruited for measurement of BMD and body composition by DXA scan. Risk factors for low BMD in SLE patients were evaluated. RESULTS: 40 male SLE patients were studied (age 42.6+/-12 years; disease duration 84.7+/-79 months). 34 (85%) patients were treated with long-term glucocorticoids. Compared with 40 controls, SLE patients had a significantly lower BMD at the lumbar spine (0.96+/-0.16 vs 1.03+/-0.11 g/cm2; p=0.02) and the hip (0.87+/-0.14 vs 0.94+/-0.12 g/cm2; p=0.04). At the spine, 12 (30%) SLE patients had Z scores< - 2.0 and 2 (5%) had osteoporotic fractures. At the hip, 3 (7.5%) patients had Z scores< - 2.0 but none had hip fractures. The BMD Z scores at the femoral neck and spine were significantly lower in SLE patients than controls. The total lean body mass was also lower in patients than control subjects (46.4+/-7.3 vs 50.5+/-5.9 kg; p=0.01). Multiple regression revealed increasing age, habitual drinking, lower BMI and use of high-dose prednisolone were unfavorably associated with lower BMD at the spine in SLE patients. CONCLUSIONS: Reduced BMD and lean body mass are prevalent in men with SLE. Appropriate measures against osteoporosis should be undertaken, especially in older patients with low BMI who receive high-dose glucocorticoids.     

Relative contribution of body composition to bone mineral density at different sites in men and women of South Korea

We examined the relative contribution of body composition to bone mineral density (BMD) at various sites in 1406 Korean rural men and women, aged 19–80 years, from July to August 2004. The BMD was measured at peripheral (distal forearm and calcaneus) and central (lumbar spine at L1–L4, femoral neck, trochanter, and Ward's triangle) using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. In multivariate analyses, the linear regression models were adjusted for relevant covariates. In premenopausal women, only lean mass had a significant positive correlation with BMD at all sites. In postmenopausal women, fat mass was significantly positively correlated with BMD at all sites, except the Ward's triangle; fat mass was the only determinant of BMD at the lumbar, distal forearm, and calcaneus sites, whereas both lean and fat mass contributed to BMD at the hip, with the effect of lean mass being slightly greater than that of fat mass. In younger men, lean mass had a significant positive contribution to BMD at all sites, whereas fat mass appeared to contribute negatively to BMD at all sites, except the calcaneus. In older men, lean mass made a significant positive contribution to the BMD at all sites; fat mass also made a significant positive contribution to the BMD at the forearm and calcaneus. These data indicate that in the Korean rural population, lean mass may be an important determinant of the BMD, whereas fat mass may contribute positively to BMD only in postmenopausal women and older men.     

Bone mineral density and total body bone mineral content in 18- to 22-year-old women

One hundred sixty-four (164) healthy, young Caucasian women enrolled as midshipmen at the United States Naval Academy with no known disease or bone injury were followed for 3.6 years. Change in bone mineral density (BMD) of the hip, lumbar spine and distal tibia, and total body bone mineral content (TBMC) was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Bone mineral density and TBMC of these women were measured within 2 months (60 ± 4 days) of entering the Academy and annually. Over the study period, hip BMD increased 2.26% (P < 0.001), lumbar spine BMD increased 3.27% (P < 0.001) and distal tibia BMD increased 5.2% (P < 0.001). Total body bone mineral content showed a 5.25% (P < 0.001) increase during the study period. In this group of young women, gain in BMD and TBMC continued until age 22. These results suggest that bone mass may accrue in certain groups of women beyond age 22. The significance of this increase in bone mass during early adulthood on risk for osteoporotic fractures in later life and its impact on exercise-related bone injuries are unknown and warrant further examination.     

正常女性的身体组成成份与骨密度的关系

目的 研究体内的体脂含量(fat mass)和非脂质含量(lean mass)对正常女性骨密度的影响程度.方法 414例绝经前和1020例绝经后妇女参加本研究,采用美国Hologic Delphi A 双能X线骨密度仪测定腰椎、左股骨骨密度和全身骨密度以及fat mass和lean mass.结果 ①各部位脂肪含量和肌肉含量呈显著负相关;②在青年女性和绝经前妇女中,Lean mass是决定腰椎、股骨近端各部位和全身骨密度的主要因素;③在绝经后妇女中,fat mass起主要作用.结论 Fat mass和lean mass对骨密度起不同的作用.     

正常女性的身体组成成份与骨密度的关系

目的 研究体内的体脂含量(fat mass)和非脂质含量(lean mass)对正常女性骨密度的影响程度.方法 414例绝经前和1020例绝经后妇女参加本研究,采用美国Hologic Delphi A 双能X线骨密度仪测定腰椎、左股骨骨密度和全身骨密度以及fat mass和lean mass.结果 ①各部位脂肪含量和肌肉含量呈显著负相关;②在青年女性和绝经前妇女中,Lean mass是决定腰椎、股骨近端各部位和全身骨密度的主要因素;③在绝经后妇女中,fat mass起主要作用.结论 Fat mass和lean mass对骨密度起不同的作用.     

老年男性骨密度与身体成分相关性的研究

目的分析老年男性骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)与身体成分的关系。方法记录166名80~94岁老年男性的年龄、身高、体重、BMI,检测L1-4、左侧股骨颈、Wards三角、大粗隆、左侧股骨上端的BMD及总肌肉含量(total lean mass,TLM)和总脂肪含量(total fat mass,TFM),根据BMD水平将受试者分为骨量正常组(n=50)、骨量低下组(n=91)和骨质疏松组(n=25)。结果 (1)骨量低下组及骨质疏松组的BMD均明显低于正常骨量组(P0.01),骨质疏松组又明显低于骨量低下组(P0.01);(2)骨质疏松组体重、TLM、TFM及BMI均明显低于正常骨量组(P0.01);(3)TLM与左侧股骨颈、Wards三角、左侧股骨上端的BMD相关系数分别为0.227、0.203及0.193(P0.05),TFM与腰椎1-4、左侧股骨颈、Wards三角、大粗隆、左侧股骨上端的BMD相关系数为0.269、0.222、0.206、0.246及0.242(P0.01)。结论大部分老年男性BMD与年龄呈显著负相关;与体重、BMI及TFM、TLM呈显著正相关,适当的运动和适度的肥胖,增强肌肉量和维持一定的脂肪量,保持健康的体重,可能有利于预防老年性骨质疏松症。     

二甲双胍对SD大鼠骨密度和体成分作用的研究

目的观察不同剂量二甲双胍作用不同时间对SD大鼠骨密度和体成分的影响。方法60只3月龄SD大鼠按随机数字法分为对照组和二甲双胍100 mg/(kg·d)组、200 mg/(kg·d)组、300 mg/(kg·d)组、500 mg/(kg·d)组。每组12只。每日灌胃1次。分别于干预前,干预后4周、8周、12周测定大鼠全身骨密度及体成分。结果干预8周和12周,不同剂量二甲双胍组骨密度均高于对照组(P<0.05)。干预8周,不同剂量二甲双胍组骨密度均高于4周组(P<0.05);干预12周,二甲双胍200 mg/(kg·d)组和300 mg/(kg·d)组骨密度均高于8周组(P<0.01)。干预12周,不同剂量二甲双胍干预组体重均低于对照组(P<0.01),二甲双胍500 mg/(kg·d)组体重低于100 mg/(kg·d)组和200 mg/(kg·d)组(P<0.05)。干预8周,不同剂量二甲双胍组脂肪含量均低于对照组(P<0.05);干预12周,不同剂量二甲双胍组脂肪含量均低于对照组(P<0.05),二甲双胍300 mg/(kg·d)组脂肪含量低于100 mg/(kg·d)组和200 mg/(kg·d)组(P<0.01),二甲双胍300 mg/(kg·d)组和500 mg/(kg·d)组脂肪含量均低于8周组(P<0.05)。干预12周,二甲双胍200 mg/(kg·d)组和300 mg/(kg·d)组肌肉含量均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论二甲双胍可增加SD大鼠的骨密度和肌肉含量,减少脂肪含量和减轻体重,与干预时间和剂量有关。     

健康中年男性人体成分对骨密度的影响

目的探讨健康中年男性人体成分对骨密度影响,为男性骨质疏松早期防治提供理论依据。方法以上海市奉贤区128名年龄为40~60岁(平均49.10±6.40岁)的健康中年男性为研究对象,测定其身高、体重、腰围、臀围,并计算体重指数(BMI);利用问卷调查调查其文化程度、饮酒吸烟、豆制品及奶制品摄入情况、静坐时间、睡眠时间等一般情况;利用全自动生化分析仪测定血钙(Ca)、血磷(P)、肝肾功能(ALT、AST、BUN、Cr、UA)、血脂(TC、TG、HDL、LDL)、血糖(FPG、2h-PG),高压液相法测定糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)等生化指标;采用双能X线骨密度仪测定腰椎、股骨颈、股骨干、股骨大粗隆和全身骨密度(BMD),并根据T值或Z值评分结果将所有研究对象分为骨量正常组和骨量低下组;采用人体成分分析仪测定体脂肪含量、蛋白质含量、无机盐含量、骨骼肌含量和各部位肌肉含量。结果 128名年龄为40~60岁健康中年男性中,骨质疏松患者3人,骨量减少患者44人。骨量正常组体重、BMI、腰围、臀围、睡眠时间、蛋白质含量、无机质含量、骨骼肌含量、各部位肌肉含量皆高于骨量低下组,血清尿素及吸烟人数比率低于骨量低下组,且差异具有统计学意义;两组年龄、身高、饮酒情况、文化程度、工作性质、豆制品摄入情况及奶制品摄入情况、Ca、P、Cr、UA、ALT、AST、TC、TG、HDL、LDL、FPG、2h-PG、HbA1c、体脂肪及体脂百分比皆无统计学差异。结论适当延长每天睡眠时间有利于预防骨质疏松的发生;体重、BMI、腰围、臀围是骨质疏松的保护因素,但需通过加强体育锻炼及合理饮食,增加骨骼肌、无机质及蛋白质等非脂肪含量来增加骨密度预防骨质疏松。     

绝经后女性体质量指数、体成分与骨密度的变化特征及关系

目的 探讨绝经后女性年龄、体质量指数（body mass index, BMI）及体成分的变化特征及与骨质疏松症之间的关系。方法 选取广州中医药大学第三附属医院2019年12月–2021年1月门诊收集的98名绝经后女性的体成分及骨密度资料,根据受试者的年龄和BMI分组,比较各年龄组及各BMI组的体成分差别,通过Spearman分析年龄、BMI及体成分对骨质疏松情况的影响,利用多元线性回归研究整体骨密度和整体骨矿含量的影响因素。结果 各个年龄组的整体骨密度（P＜0.001）及整体骨矿含量（P＜0.05）随年龄增加而下降,而各个BMI组的整体骨矿含量（P＜0.05）、整体肌肉质量（P＜0.001）、整体脂肪质量（P＜0.001）随BMI增加而增加。Spearman相关分析显示,随着年龄增加（P=0.005,r=0.281）,骨质疏松程度越严重;而随着BMI（P=0.019,r= – 0.237）、整体骨矿含量（P＜0.001,r= – 0.719）、肌肉质量（P=0.014,r= – 0.249）和脂肪质量（P=0.013,r= – 0.249）的增加,患骨质疏松的程度越轻。多元线性回归分析结果显示,年龄与绝经后女性整体骨密度（P=0.002,B= – 0.004）及整体骨矿含量呈负相关（P=0.000,B= – 0.013）;而整体肌肉质量（P=0.018,B=0.022）和整体脂肪质量（P=0.037,B=0.027）则与绝经后女性整体骨矿含量呈正相关。结论 年龄是绝经后女性患骨质疏松症的危险因素,而BMI、肌肉质量和脂肪质量是保护因素,有助于提高整体骨密度和整体骨矿含量。     

Site-specific differences in bone mineral density in black and white premenopausal South African women

Summary  

We examined ethnic differences in bone mineral density (BMD) and the contribution of body composition, lifestyle and socioeconomic factors in South African women. Femoral neck and total hip BMD were higher, but lumbar spine BMD was lower in black women, with body composition, lifestyle and socioeconomic status (SES) factors contributing differently in ethnic groups.     

中国围绝经期妇女体脂含量与骨密度关系的初步研究

目的探讨肌肉、脂肪含量与围绝经期骨质疏松妇女骨密度之间的关系。方法利用双能X线骨密度测量仪(美国,Hologic DiscoveryA型)测量门诊围绝经期妇女(90例,年龄:45~52岁(47.3±8.2))骨密度与体脂含量;同时测量登记受试者的年龄、身高、体重。结果结果显示,21%受试者腰椎和股骨骨量降低,全身脂肪含量(20675.129±5080.44)g与腰椎骨密度(0.91±0.177)g/cm2(P>0.05,r=-0.17)和髋部骨密度(0.99±0.102)g/cm2(P>0.05,r=0.158)没有相关性,肌肉含量(39790.80±6551.54)g与腰椎骨密度没有相关性(P>0.05,r=0.078),但是与髋部骨密度高度正相关(P<0.05,r=0.216)。体重(63.01±9.39)kg和腰椎(P<0.05,r=0.217)和髋部(P<0.05,r=0.305)骨密度高度正相关;BMI指数(24.6751±3.45637)与腰椎(P<0.05,r=0.244)和髋部(P<0.01,r=0.339)骨密度高度正相关。结论研究结果表明BMI指数和肌肉含量与围绝经期妇女髋部骨密度高度相关。     

儿童骨质密度不足相关研究概况

伴随诊断和治疗技术的发展,在儿童期发生的骨质密度减低逐渐引起了人们的重视。儿童低骨密度是由多种原因造成的,其中儿童在青春期生长高峰时,钙与维生素D摄入量不足是造成骨量减低的主要原因之一;导致骨量减低的其他临床相关因素还包括：成骨不良、佝偻病、少年类风湿、慢性关节炎,神经肌肉异常相关性骨量降低和特发性骨质疏松等疾病。为能够让临床医师早期认识与处理上述导致儿童期低骨质密度的问题,对儿童骨量降低提供有效的治疗,本文将对正常骨骼矿化过程、骨质密度测量技术,骨质降低的病理生理学机理和治疗方式选择的评估等方面展开综合性论述。     

不同孕期妇女跟骨骨量检测结果分析

目的 探讨不同孕期妇女骨量的变化，指导孕妇合理补钙。方法 采用UBIS5000型超声成像骨量仪，测量300例不同孕期健康妇女跟骨超声振幅衰减（BUA）参数值，并与同年龄组非孕妇女结果进行比较。结果 中，晚期孕妇骨量均值均低于非孕及早孕期妇女，晚孕组与非孕组比较差异有显性（P＜0．05）。结论 孕期妇女存在不同程度骨量减少。骨量测定对孕期保健指导有重要意义。     

Bone mineral density in hyperandrogenic amenorrhoea

Summary The authors assessed bone mineral density in antrogenized amenorrheic (group A; n=9_ and androgenized nonamenorrheic patients (group B; n=30) and compared it with controls (n=22). Bone mineral density of group A patients (1.023±0.045 g/cm²) did not differ from controls 1.047±0.83 g/cm²); both groups had significantly lower values than group B women (1.099±0.085 g/cm²). Of the hormonal variables explaining bone mineral density in antrogenized women, only dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate had a significant negative correlation (r=-0.45). In contrast to other forms of amenorrhea, women with hyperantrogenic amenorrhea seem to be spared from osteopenia.     

Bone mineral density in diabetes mellitus

In the present study bone mineral content (BMC) was measured at 1/3 and 1/10 the length of the radius from the distal end in 100 adult diabetic subjects (55 females, 45 males, 54 insulin-dependent [IDD], 46 non-insulin-dependent [NIDD]), using single photon absorptiometry. Each individual BMC value in the diabetics was first compared to normal BMC values for age obtained in our laboratory from 500 non-diabetic subjects. BMC in the diabetics was within the normal range (M +/- 2 SD) with respect to sex and age. Data from IDD and NIDD males, under and over 50 years of age, and of IDD and NIDD females, pre- and postmenopausal, were compared with the respective control group data after matching each diabetic subject to a non-diabetic one of identical age and menstrual history and of comparable body mass index. In each group BMC in the diabetic subjects was found not to be statistically different from BMC in the control ones. Correlation analysis was carried out between BMC and endocrine or metabolic parameters obtained in 52 of the diabetic patients. BMC in diabetic subjects was not correlated with plasma levels of hormones (thyroid hormones, cortisol, 17-beta-estradiol, testosterone), Ca, P or alkaline phosphatase activity. It was inversely correlated with urinary Ca and P in NIDD women and with urinary Ca in NIDD men. No relationship was found between BMC and the metabolic control of diabetes (evaluated by basal glycemia, 2h-post-prandial glycemia and glycosylated hemoglobin).