建立基于临床和磁共振表观弥散系数的急性前循环缺血性卒中预后评估系统

目的 探讨影响急性缺血性卒中预后的因素,建立一种基于临床和多模式磁共振成像（magneticresonance imaging,MRI）的急性前循环缺血性卒中预后评估系统。方法 选择发病9小时内完成多模式MRI的前循环急性缺血性卒中患者40例。按照改良的Ranking量表（modified Ranking Scale,mRS）分为预后良好组（0～1分）和预后不良组（2～6分）。评价两组年龄、基线美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表评分（national institutes of health stroke scale,NIHSS）、基线弥散加权像（diffusion-weighted imaging,DWI）体积、基线灌注加权像（perfusion-weighted imaging,PWI）体积以及由基于表观弥散系数（apparent diffusion coefficient,ADC）的图像分析方法获得的预测梗死核心体积、预测可挽救脑组织体积等临床/影像信息对预后的影响;采用多因素分析筛查出单因素分析中具有统计学意义的变量作为预后评估系统的组成部分,应用受试者工作特征曲线（receiver operatorcharacteristic curve,ROC）分析获得各变量的阈值评分,整合后获得临床/ADC评分,应用ROC曲线下面积（area under curve,AUC）分析各评分模式判断预后的效能。结果 预后良好组与预后不良组在年龄、基线NIHSS、预测梗死核心体积、预测可挽救脑组织体积、预测最终梗死体积、实际最终梗死体积和基线DWI异常区域体积的差异均具有统计学意义。多因素分析显示年龄、预测梗死核心体积、预测最终梗死体积和基线NI HSS能作为判断预后的风险因素,构成临床/ADC预后评分系统的四个因素。应用ROC分析获得以上四个变量判断预后不良的阈值分别为＞58岁、＞5.84 ml 、＞10.6 ml 和＞12分。该评分系统的AUC最大（AUC=0.878,P＜0.01）,其判断急性缺血性卒中患者90 d预后的效能最高,其次是实际最终梗死体积（AUC=0.802,P =0.001）、预测最终梗死体积（AUC=0.797,P =0.001）、预测梗死核心体积（AUC=0.739,P =0.01）、基线NIHSS（AUC=0.759,P =0.005）、预测可挽救脑组织体积（AUC=0.719,P =0.018）和基线DWI异常区域体积（AUC=0.693,P =0.037）。其中,临床/ADC预后评分系统与预测梗死核心体积、预测可挽救脑组织体积、基线DWI异常区域体积AUC之间的差异具有统计学意义（P分别为0.043,0.035和0.01）。结论 临床/ADC预后评分系统比基线NIHSS评分和各影像参数判断90 d急性缺血性卒中患者预后的效能高;制定急性缺血性卒中患者治疗方案时,应结合患者临床和影像信息综合考虑。     

急性缺血性卒中相关肺炎评分临床应用价值分析

目的 验证急性缺血性卒中相关肺炎评分（Acute Ischemic Stroke-Associated Pneumonia Score,AISAPS） 对缺血性卒中相关肺炎的预测效果,为临床早期发现卒中相关性肺炎提供适合的筛查工具。 方法 从任丘康济新图医院缺血性卒中急性期干预、二级预防相关登记研究数据库中选取2014年 1月20日-2016年8月31日住院治疗的急性缺血性卒中患者,采用AIS-APS评分量表进行评分,应用ROC 曲线下面积确定AIS-APS对缺血性卒中相关肺炎预测的灵敏度与特异度,验证该量表的有效性,同时 验证ISAN[prestroke Independence（mRS）,sex,age,NIHSS]、A2DS2（age,atrial fibrillation,dysphagia,sex, stroke severity）、Kwon等评分量表对缺血性卒中患者发生卒中相关性肺炎的预测作用。 结果 共纳入3104例急性缺血性卒中患者,其中有100例（3.2%）发生肺炎;AIS-APS的ROC曲线下面 积为0.737（95%CI 0.721～0.753）,敏感度0.800,特异度0.611,Youden指数0.411,最佳界值为5分。与 其他评分量表相比,AI S-APS量表ROC曲线下面积、灵敏度最高,但ISAN量表特异度最高（0.759）。 结论 AIS-APS量表对于卒中相关性肺炎的预测有一定价值,可指导临床早期筛查卒中相关性肺炎。     

ASTRAL评分预测急性缺血性卒中患者3个月预后的价值

目的 探讨洛桑卒中量表（Acute Stroke R egistry and Analysis of Lausanne,ASTRAL）评分预测不同 性别、不同梗死部位、不同病情严重程度急性缺血性卒中（acute i schemi c stroke,AI S）患者3个月预后 的价值,并与PLAN（Preadmission Comorbidities,Level of Consciousness,Age,Neurologic Deficit,PLAN）评 分、血管事件总体健康风险（Totaled Health Risks in Vascular Events,THRIVE）评分对急性缺血性卒中 3个月预测价值进行比较。 方法 记录符合纳入标准的急性缺血性卒中患者的基线资料,按照性别、梗死部位、病情严重程度 进行分组,然后记录并分别使用ASTRAL评分、PLAN评分与THRIVE评分预测患者3个月预后。通过受 试者工作特征曲线下面积（area under the receiver operating characteristic curve,AUC）进行Z 检验来比 较它们的预测价值。 结果 ①本研究共纳入513例AIS患者,男性309例、女性204例;梗死部位：前循环305例,后循环153 例,混合型55例;病情轻重程度：轻型卒中260例,非轻型卒中253例;②ASTRAL预测所有入组AIS患 者的AUC为0.845,预测男性组AUC为0.804,女性组AUC为0.878,两者比较Z 值为1.86（P ＞0.05）;预 测前循环组AUC为0.843、后循环组AUC分别为0.857、混合组AUC为0.814,三者比较Z 值均＜1.98（P ＞0.05）;预测轻型卒中AUC为0.714、非轻型卒中AUC为0.855,两者比较Z 值为4.03,其值＞1.98（P值 为0.000）。ASTRAL评分、PLAN评分、THRIVE评分预测所有入组AIS患者的AUC分别为0.845、0.783和 0.740,三者比较Z值均＞1.98（P值分别为0.000、0.010和0.000）。 结论 ASTRAL评分可对AIS患者3个月预后进行预测,更适合非轻型AIS患者,预测价值高于PLAN评分、 THRIVE评分。     

急性缺血性卒中相关肺炎评分临床应用价值分析

目的 验证急性缺血性卒中相关肺炎评分（Acute Ischemic Stroke-Associated Pneumonia Score，AISAPS）
对缺血性卒中相关肺炎的预测效果，为临床早期发现卒中相关性肺炎提供适合的筛查工具。
方法 从任丘康济新图医院缺血性卒中急性期干预、二级预防相关登记研究数据库中选取2014年
1月20日-2016年8月31日住院治疗的急性缺血性卒中患者，采用AIS-APS评分量表进行评分，应用ROC
曲线下面积确定AIS-APS对缺血性卒中相关肺炎预测的灵敏度与特异度，验证该量表的有效性，同时
验证ISAN[prestroke Independence（mRS），sex，age，NIHSS]、A2DS2（age，atrial fibrillation，dysphagia，sex，
stroke severity）、Kwon等评分量表对缺血性卒中患者发生卒中相关性肺炎的预测作用。
结果 共纳入3104例急性缺血性卒中患者，其中有100例（3.2%）发生肺炎；AIS-APS的ROC曲线下面
积为0.737（95%CI 0.721～0.753），敏感度0.800，特异度0.611，Youden指数0.411，最佳界值为5分。与
其他评分量表相比，AI S-APS量表ROC曲线下面积、灵敏度最高，但ISAN量表特异度最高（0.759）。
结论 AIS-APS量表对于卒中相关性肺炎的预测有一定价值，可指导临床早期筛查卒中相关性肺炎。     

三种卒中筛查量表在社区疑诊卒中患者快速转诊中应用价值的对比研究

目的 探讨FAST、急诊卒中识别（recognition of stroke in the emergency room,ROSIER）、洛杉矶院前 卒中筛查（Los Angeles prehospital stroke screen,LAPSS）三种卒中筛查量表在社区疑诊卒中患者快速 转诊中的应用价值。 方法 纳入2018年1月-2019年9月在北京市昌平区东小口社区卫生服务中心和延庆区永宁社区卫生 服务中心就诊的疑似卒中患者,分别用FAST、ROSIER、LAPSS三种量表进行卒中初筛,按照上级医院 患者最终诊断分为卒中组和非卒中组,比较三种评价量表筛查卒中的准确率、灵敏度和特异度。 结果 共纳入309例患者,平均年龄70.5±11.6岁,其中男性156例（50.5%）。卒中组243例（78.6%）, 非卒中组66例（21.4%）。FAST、ROSIER和LAPSS三种量表筛查卒中的准确率分别为92.2%、71.5%、 67.3%（P＜0.001）,灵敏度分别为94.2%、66.3%、60.5%（P＜0.001）,特异度分别为84.8%、90.9%、 92.4%（P =0.327）;进一步两两比较,FAST量表准确率、灵敏度均高于ROSIER和LAPSS量表（均P ＜0.001）。 结论 FAST量表的应用价值较好,适合社区医生作为初诊疑似卒中患者快速转诊的判断工具。     

Essen评分在TIA、缺血性小卒中与大卒中 患者中预测效度的比较

目的 比较Essen卒中风险分层量表（Essen Stroke Risk Score,ESRS）预测短暂性脑缺血发作（transient
ischemic attack,TIA）、缺血性小卒中和缺血性大卒中患者的卒中复发和联合血管事件发生的效度。
方法 以前瞻性、多中心中国国家卒中登记研究（China National Stroke Registry,CNSR）中连续录入
的11 384例完成1年随访的TIA、非心房颤动性缺血性卒中的住院患者为研究人群,小卒中定义为入院
时缺血性卒中患者的美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS）
评分≤3分,大卒中定义为NIHSS评分＞3分。采用曲线下面积（area under the curve,AUC）评价ESRS对
TIA、缺血性小卒中和大卒中患者进行卒中复发和联合血管事件复发风险的分层能力,预测卒中复发
和联合血管事件发生的效度。
结果 本研究有1061例TIA,3254例小卒中,7069例大卒中患者。在TIA患者中,ESRS预测卒中复发
AUC=0.57,预测联合血管事件AUC=0.56;小卒中患者中,ESRS预测卒中复发的AUC=0.58,预测联合
血管事件AUC=0.59;大卒中患者中,ESRS预测卒中复发的AUC=0.60,预测联合血管事件AUC=0.60。
结论 ESRS评分对大卒中的卒中复发/联合血管事件发生的预测效度最高,其次是对小卒中,在TIA
中预测效度最低,但是三组人群中差异无显著性。     

PLAN评分预测中国缺血性卒中相关性肺炎

目的 探讨院前合并症、意识水平、年龄、神经功能缺损（preadmission c omorbidities,l evel o f consciousness,age,and focal neurologic deficit,PLAN）评分对中国缺血性卒中相关性肺炎发生风险的 预测能力。 方法 从中国国家卒中登记研究（China National Stroke Registry,CNSR）中筛选符合入组条件的缺血 性卒中患者,采集临床信息并应用PLAN评分法对其评分,分析PLAN评分对缺血性卒中相关性肺炎的 预测能力。应用受试者工作特征曲线（receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC）及曲线下面积（area under curve,AUC）评价PLAN评分的辨别能力,应用Hosmer-Lemeshow法评价其校准能力。 结果 共纳入8909例缺血性卒中患者,平均年龄（65.4±12.3）岁,女性3410例（38.3%）,合并肺炎 患者共1069例（12.0%）。随着PLAN评分增高,卒中相关性肺炎的发生风险也逐渐增高。PLAN评分预 测缺血性卒中相关性肺炎的ROC曲线下面积为0.78[95%可信区间（confidence interval,CI）0.77～0.80], Hosmer-Lemeshow检验显示预测卒中后肺炎的显著性水平为0.001（P =0.001）。在男性中,ROC曲线下面 积为0.79（95%CI 0.77～0.81）,在女性中,ROC曲线下面积为0.77（95%CI 0.75～0.80）;在70岁以下缺 血性卒中患者中,ROC曲线下面积为0.77（95%CI 0.75～0.80）,在70岁及以上患者中,ROC曲线下面积为 0.73（95%CI 0.71～0.75）。     

基于Logistic回归与XGBoost构建缺血性卒中院内复发风险预测模型的初步比较研究

目的 基于Logistic回归和XGBoost方法构建缺血性卒中院内复发风险预测模型，并进行初步比较。 方法 利用中国国家卒中登记Ⅱ（China National Stoke Registry Ⅱ，CNSRⅡ）数据库中按医嘱离院的 缺血性卒中患者数据，分别基于Logistic回归和XGBoost方法构建缺血性卒中院内复发风险预测模型。 备选的预测因子包括人口学特征、卒中严重程度、既往病史、用药史以及临床测量指标。模型的评价 指标包括ROC曲线下面积（area under the cure，AUC）、校准截距、校准斜率以及Brier得分。所有统计 分析均在R（3.6.2版）中完成。 结果 最终纳入17 227例符合条件的患者，平均年龄64.72±11.84岁，女性6317例（36.7%），发病前 mRS评分为0或1分的病例14 482例（84.1%），入院NIHSS评分4（2～6）分，院内卒中复发444例（2.6%）。 预测模型识别的前三位强预测因子，在Logistic回归中为发病前mRS评分、心房颤动及卒中史；在 XGBoost中为发病前mRS评分、心房颤动及总胆固醇。Logistic回归预测模型与XGBoost预测模型的AUC无 显著差异（0.63，95%CI 0.58～0.68 vs 0.64，95%CI 0.59～0.68，P =0.9229）。Logistic预测模型校准截 距、校准斜率以及Brier得分分别为-0.81、0.76和0.03；XGBoost预测模型的校准截距、校准斜率以及 Brier得分分别为-1.37、1.20和0.38。Logistic预测模型校准度更好。 结论 利用CNSRⅡ数据构建的缺血性卒中院内复发风险预测模型应用中，基于XGBoost方法构建的 预测模型相比Logistic回归构建的预测模型的区分度没有显著差异，但校准度略低。     

不同院前评估模型对预测急性缺血性脑卒中 患者前循环大动脉闭塞的价值分析

目的 探讨不同院前评估模型对预测急性缺血性脑卒中患者前循环大动脉闭塞(LAVO)的价值。方法 将2016年5月-2018年4月本院收治的190例急性缺血性脑卒中患者分为LAVO组(55例)和非LAVO组(135例),比较2组患者FAST、LAMS、PASS、3-ISS和RACE的差异,绘制ROC曲线,评价五种量表的诊断效能。结果 LAVO组的FAST、LAMS、PASS、3-ISS和RACE分数均显著高于非LAVO组(P<0.05)。ROC曲线显示,FAST量表预测急性缺血性脑卒中患者LAVO的AUC显著高于LAMS、PASS、3-ISS和RACE(P<0.05),FAST的最佳截点为≥4分。FAST在预测急性缺血性脑卒中患者LAVO时的诊断准确率、灵敏性、特异性和阳性预测值均明显高于LAMS、PASS、3-ISS和RACE。结论 FAST在预测急性缺血性脑卒中患者LAVO中有较高应用价值,其中FAST总分值≥4分可作为急性缺血性脑卒中患者LAVO的参考指标。     

脑小血管病总负荷评分与静脉溶栓治疗急性缺血性卒中患者1年预后相关性研究

目的 探讨脑小血管病（cerebral small vessel disease，CSVD）总负荷评分与急性缺血性卒中（acute ischemic stroke，AIS）患者静脉溶栓后1年预后的关系。 方法 前瞻性连续纳入2017年1月-2018年12月于深圳市人民医院神经内科住院并接受rt-PA静脉溶 栓治疗的AIS患者，根据MRI评估CSVD负荷并计算CSVD总负荷评分。使用mRS量表评估患者发病1年的 神经功能预后，利用多因素Logistic回归分析确定CSVD的总负荷与1年的神经功能预后之间的关系，利 用ROC曲线分析CSVD总负荷评分对不良预后的预测价值及最佳界值。 结果 最终入组135例静脉溶栓的AIS患者，平均年龄为61.56±12.64岁，CVSD总负荷评分0分者17例 （12.59%），1分者44例（32.59%），2分者38例（28.15%），3分者30例（22.22%），4分者6例（4.44%）。 多因素分析发现溶栓前NIHSS评分（OR 1.615，95%CI 1.209～2.157，P =0.001）、CSVD总负荷评分（OR 1.570，95%CI 1.095～4.094，P =0.026）为AIS静脉溶栓患者1年功能预后的独立影响因素。CSVD总负 荷预测静脉溶栓后1年不良预后的ROC曲线下面积（area under the ROC curve，AUC）为0.735（95%CI 0.641～0.828），最佳界值为2.5分；溶栓前NIHSS评分的AUC为0.773（95%CI 0.684～0.862），最佳界 值为6.5分。 结论 CSVD总负荷评分及溶栓前NIHSS评分为AIS患者静脉溶栓治疗1年功能预后不良的可靠预测指 标，有助于临床评估静脉溶栓患者长期预后。     

Large Vessel Occlusion Score: A Screening Tool to Detect Large Vessel Occlusion in the Acute Stroke Setting

Background: The results of recent trials of mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke have increased the demand for identification of patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) at the primary stroke center, where a prompt detection may expedite transfer to a comprehensive stroke center for endovascular treatment. However, in developing countries, a noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT) may be the only neuroimaging modality available at the primary stroke center scenario, what calls for a screening strategy accurate enough to avoid unnecessary transfers of noneligible patients for endovascular therapy. Algorithms based on National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and NCCT findings can be used to screen for LVO in patients with anterior circulation stroke (ACS). Objective: To test the accuracy of a score based on NIHSS and NCCT to detect LVO in patients with ACS. Methods: We evaluated 178 patients from a prospective stroke registry of patients admitted to an academic tertiary emergency unit. NIHSS and vessel attenuation values of the middle cerebral artery on NCCT absolute vessel attenuation (VA) were collected by 2 investigators that were blind to CT angiography (CTA) findings. We used receiver operating characteristics curve analysis and C-statistics to predict LVO on CTA. Results: NIHSS and vessel attenuation were highly associated with LVO with an area under the curve (AUC) of .86 and .77. The LVO score, built by logistic regression coefficients of the NIHSS and VA, showed the highest accuracy for the presence of LVO on CTA (AUC of .91). Conclusion: The LVO score may be a useful screening approach to identify LVO in patients with ACS.     

Effect of Known Atrial Fibrillation and Anticoagulation Status on the Prehospital Identification of Large Vessel Occlusion

Introduction: The Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Severity scale (C-STAT), Los Angeles Motor Scale (LAMS), Rapid Arterial Occlusion Evaluation (RACE) score, and Field Assessment Stroke Triage for Emergency Destination (FAST-ED) scales were designed to aid emergency responder identification of patients with stroke related to large vessel occlusion (LVO). We hypothesized that the addition of a known history of atrial fibrillation (AF) without anticoagulation to currently used scales would improve LVO detection. Methods: Medical records of patients admitted to a Comprehensive Stroke Center with acute ischemic stroke in 2014-2015 were reviewed. LVO identification using the C-STAT, LAMS, RACE, and FAST-ED scores and the AF variable were compared using univariable analyses. The areas under the receiver operating curves (AUCs) were then compared for each score, the AF variable, and each score with the addition of the AF variable. Results: The sample included 233 patients without and 188 patients with an LVO. A history of known AF, history of AF with no anticoagulation, and the C-STAT, LAMS, RACE, and FAST-ED scores were each associated with LVO in univariable analyses. The AUCs for C-STAT, LAMS, RACE, and FAST-ED were similar. The addition of the known AF and no anticoagulation variable did not appreciably change these AUCs. Conclusion: Although known AF with no anticoagulation was associated with LVO in patients with acute ischemic stroke, this historic feature did not improve the accuracy of existing LVO detection scales.     

Acute Ischemic Stroke with Vessel Occlusion—Prevalence and Thrombectomy Eligibility at a Comprehensive Stroke Center

Introduction: Endovascular thrombectomy (ET) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) caused by large vessel occlusion (LVO) can prevent severe disability and mortality. There is currently limited data on the epidemiology of LVO strokes and ET eligibility. We aim to determine the incidence of intracranial vessel occlusion (IVO) strokes eligible for ET per 2018 American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines and characteristics of an AHA ineligible population at a comprehensive stroke center (CSC). Methods: Retrospective chart review of all consecutive AISs at a CSC between November 2014 and February 2017. Demographic, clinical, and radiographic data were analyzed to determine ET eligibility per AHA guidelines and characteristics of ineligible patients were investigated. Results: Twenty-four percent of AIS harbor an IVO. Thirty percent of IVO strokes and 47% of anterior circulation LVO strokes are thrombectomy eligible per AHA guidelines. Most common reasons for thrombectomy ineligibility among IVO strokes are presence of IVO other than anterior circulation LVO (35%, n = 224), presence of large stroke burden (15%, n = 93), baseline modified Rankin scale greater than or equal to 2 (14%, n = 89), and NIHSS score less than 6 (15%, n = 96). Conclusions: At a CSC, 1 in 4 AISs harbor an IVO. Seven in 100 acute ischemic strokes, 3 in 10 strokes with vessel occlusion, and 1 in 2 strokes with internal carotid or middle cerebral artery M1 occlusion are thrombectomy eligible per AHA 2018 guidelines. These data highlight that current guidelines render a majority of strokes thrombectomy ineligible and a large window of opportunity exists for clinical investigation.     

Validation of iScore and PLAN Score for Death in Thrombectomy in Acute Stroke Due to Anterior Circulation Large Artery Occlusion

Background

To validate iScore and PLAN score in acute anterior circulation large vessel occlusion stroke patients undergoing thrombectomy.

Atrial fibrillation is associated with poor long-term outcome after mechanical thrombectomy for anterior large vessel occlusion stroke

ObjectivesAtrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the leading causes of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The aim of our study was to determine the influence of AF on the long-term outcome of patients with AIS due to anterior circulation large vessel occlusion (LVO) treated with mechanical thrombectomy (MT).MethodsOur study included 127 consecutive patients with AIS due to anterior LVO who underwent MT between January 2018 and March 2020. Demographics, clinical, radiological and treatment characteristics were prospectively collected. Modified Rankin scale (mRS) score ≤2 was defined as a good functional outcome.ResultsAF was detected in 62 (48.8%) patients. Patients with AF were elder (73.1 ± 8.7 vs. 58.5 ± 14.2 years, p<0.01) and usually female (56.5% vs. 36.9%, p=0.03). They had a lower percentage of good functional outcome (31.6% vs. 62.3%, p<0.01) and a higher mortality rate (47.5% vs. 18.5%, p<0.01) after one year of follow-up. In the multivariate logistic regression the variables that showed significance with p <0.05 in previous univariate analyses were included. The presence of AF (aOR 0.29, 95% CI 0.11-0.78, p=0.01) and initial NIHSS score >15 (aOR 0.25, 95% CI 0.11-0.56, p<0.01) were independent negative predictors of good functional outcome after one year of follow-up. However, the presence of AF did not affect all-cause mortality within one year (p=0.18).ConclusionAF and initial NIHSS score >15 are independent negative predictors of good long-term functional outcome in patients with AIS due to anterior circulation LVO treated with MT.     

Cardiac Biomarkers Predict Large Vessel Occlusion in Patients with Ischemic Stroke

Background and PurposeCardiac biomarkers may help identify stroke mechanisms and may aid in improving stroke prevention strategies. There is limited data on the association between these biomarkers and acute ischemic stroke (AIS) caused by large vessel occlusion (LVO). We hypothesized that cardiac biomarkers (cardiac troponin and left atrial diameter [LAD]) would be associated with the presence of LVO.MethodsData were abstracted from a single center prospective AIS database over 18 months and included all patients with AIS with CT angiography of the head and neck. The presence of LVO was defined as proximal LVO of the internal carotid artery terminus, middle cerebral artery (M1 or proximal M2), or basilar artery. Univariate analyses and predefined multivariable models were performed to determine the association between cardiac biomarkers (positive troponin [troponin ≥0.1 ng/mL] and LAD on transthoracic echocardiogram) and LVO adjusting for demographic factors (age and sex), risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, history of stroke, congestive heart failure, coronary heart disease, and smoking), and atrial fibrillation (AF).ResultsWe identified 1234 patients admitted with AIS; 886 patients (71.8%) had vascular imaging to detect LVO. Of those with imaging available, 374 patients (42.2%) had LVO and 207 patients (23.4%) underwent thrombectomy. There was an association between positive troponin and LVO after adjusting for age, sex and other risk factors (adjusted OR 1.69 [1.08-2.63], P = .022) and this association persisted after including AF in the model (adjusted OR 1.60 [1.02-2.53], P = 0.043). There was an association between LAD and LVO after adjusting for age, sex, and risk factors (adjusted OR per mm 1.03 [1.01-1.05], P = 0.013) but this association was not present when AF was added to the model (adjusted OR 1.01 [0.99-1.04], P = .346). Sensitivity analyses using thrombectomy as an outcome yielded similar findings.ConclusionsCardiac biomarkers, particularly serum troponin levels, are associated with acute LVO in patients with ischemic stroke. Prospective studies are ongoing to confirm this association and to test whether anticoagulation reduces the risk of recurrent embolism in this patient population.     

Anterior circulation large vessel occlusion stroke in Saudi Arabia: Prevalence,predictors, and outcome

ObjectiveAnterior circulation Large Vessel Occlusion (LVO) stroke comes with significant morbidity and mortality. With the advent of endovascular interventions, its management has revolutionized. For health authorities to build systems and allocate resources, its burden, predictors, and outcome must be determined.MethodsIn a single tertiary care center, we retrospectively collected data from 1495 ischemic stroke patients to determine anterior circulation LVO prevalence, predictors, and outcome. Patients must have radiologically proven ischemic stroke within 24 hours before arrival at the emergency department. Anterior circulation LVO related stroke was defined as evidence of new anterior circulation infarct detected on neuroimaging, and vascular imaging confirming anterior circulation Large Vessel Occlusion. Data on demographics, vascular risk factors, treatment with reperfusion therapy, modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at admission, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) at admission, length of stay (LOS) in days, and in-hospital comorbidities and death were collected. Regression analysis was done to determine the predictors and outcomes of anterior circulation LVO ischemic strokes.ResultsWe found anterior circulation LVO in 27.8% (95 % CI 25.5–30.0) of all ischemic stroke patients. Atrial fibrillation and admission National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) were the strongest predictors of LVO [OR 2.33, P = 0.0011 and OR 1.17, P < 0.0001] respectively. Occurrence of LVO was associated with worse disability score (mRS ≥ 3) [47.22 vs. 19.81% (P = 0.0073)], longer hospitalization in days [Median 9.0 vs. 3.0, IQR (14.0 vs. 5.0) P = 0.0432)], and was more likely to results in patient admission to intensive care unit [Mean 17.59 vs. 3.70 % (P = 0.0002)].ConclusionStroke with large vessel occlusion in Saudi Arabia is not uncommon. Its burden and outcome deserve national attention, as effective treatment is now readily available.     

A Regional Network Organization for Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke in the Anterior Circulation; Timing,Safety, and Effectiveness

Background

Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in association with intravenous thrombolysis is recommended for treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS), with large vessel occlusion (LVO) in the anterior circulation. Because MT is only available in comprehensive stroke centers (CSC), the challenge of stroke organization is to ensure equitable access to the fastest endovascular suite. Our aim was to evaluate the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of MT in patients initially managed in 1 CSC (mothership), compared with patients first managed in primary stroke center (PSC), and then transferred to the CSC for MT (drip-and-ship).

急性缺血性脑卒中血管介入治疗方法和装置的研究进展

机械血栓切除术可治疗伴大血管闭塞的前循环和后循环急性缺血性脑卒中。机械血栓切除术失败后仍应进行支架植入术;接触抽吸术与支架取栓术的优劣难分仲伯;伴大血管闭塞的动脉粥样硬化性前循环急性缺血性脑卒中,血管成形术和(或)支架置入术要优于支架取栓术;支架取栓术加动脉内溶栓治疗有叠加效应,但机械血栓切除术加静脉溶栓则无叠加效应;远程缺血预处理和替罗非班有减少手术并发症的功效;紫杉醇洗脱支架和新型支架是值得推广的新型血管内治疗装置。     

基于CT灌注成像评估侧支循环在急性缺血性脑卒中取栓前后脑梗死进展及预后评估中的应用

目的探讨基于CT灌注成像(CTP)评估的侧支循环对急性前循环大动脉闭塞患者取栓前后脑梗死进展及临床预后的影响。方法回顾性分析浙江省人民医院神经内科自2018年5月至2019年9月收治的110例发病24 h以内的急性前循大动脉闭塞患者的资料。所有患者均完成取栓手术,采用区域性软脑膜侧支(rLMC)评分对四维CT血管造影(4D-CTA)上的全时相融合像(tMIP)进行侧支循环评估;根据CTP的核心脑梗死体积和术后1周内头颅MR的DWI影像结果,计算进展梗死体积;采用改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分评估患者术后3个月时预后情况。结果(1)侧支循环好组患者56例,侧支循环差组患者54例。年龄(OR=0.951,95%CI:0.910~0.993,P=0.023)、心功能不全(OR=0.116,95%CI:0.018~0.731,P=0.022)、基线空腹血糖(OR=0.788,95%CI:0.646~0.961,P=0.019)、觉醒性卒中(OR=0.093,95%CI:0.023~0.380,P=0.001)及颈内动脉段闭塞(OR=7.604,95%CI:2.650~21.821,P=0.000)是侧支循环的独立影响因素。(2)侧支循环评分(95%CI:-2.947~-1.474,P=0.000)、缺血半暗带体积(95%CI:0.065~0.126,P=0.000)、脑组织水肿评分(95%CI:2.952~7.600,P=0.000)、出血转化(95%CI:8.966~23.114,P=0.000)及24 h美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分(95%CI:0.606~1.248,P=0.000)是进展梗死体积的独立影响因素。(3)预后良好组患者共59例,预后不良组患者共51例。出血转化(OR=0.019,95%CI:0.001~0.275,P=0.004)及进展梗死体积(OR=0.824,95%CI:0.756~0.897,P=0.000)是急性前循环大动脉闭塞取栓患者远期预后的独立影响因素。结论基于4D-CTA的rLMC侧支循环评分对发病24 h内急性前循环大动脉闭塞取栓患者的进展梗死体积有良好的预测作用,并可通过进展梗死体积进一步预测患者预后。