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1.
K Srivastava MSVK Raju D Saldanha S Chaudhury D Basannar AA Pawar VSSR Ryali SM Kundeyawala 《Medical Journal Armed Forces India》2007,63(2):137-140
Background
Training in medicine is emotionally demanding. Psychological well being of medical students is a matter of concern. There is lack of Indian studies in this area.Methods
A total of 105 medical student of one batch were assessed utilizing psychophysiological state inventory, Institute for personality and ability testing (IPAT) anxiety and depression scale, achievement motivation scale, scale for locus of control and 16 PF in three phases at one-year intervals.Result
Majority of the students had average achievement, motivation and adaptability. Anxiety and depression scores fell within normal limits. In personality profile factor ‘B’, ‘M’ and ‘Q41’ had changed significantly. Achievement motivation showed significant decreases and CSS1 and PO1 scores showed significant increase during the years of medical education.Conclusion
The results demonstrate that over satisfaction and relaxed attitude may have poor academic outcome.Key Words: Psychological well-being, Anxiety, Depression, Achievement motivation 相似文献2.
Objective
To analyse the quality and quantity of scientific publications of the medical faculty at the American University of Beirut (AUB) during a six year period (1996–2001)Methods
The study included all faculty members in the medical school of AUB in the year 2001. A Medline search inclusive of the years 1996–2001 was done for each faculty member and a total number of 881 publications was obtained.Results
The faculty consisted of 203 members. Their average productivity rate (mean (SD)) was 1.24 (1.38) publications/faculty member/year (PFY), with a mean impact factor of 2.69 (4.63). Eighteen per cent of the faculty did not have any publication in the six year study period, and only 20% had two or more publications per year. There was a significantly higher publication rate among newly recruited faculty members (0.93 (1.40) PFY for those appointed before 1990, 1.45 (1.24) PFY for those appointed during 1990–1995, and 1.67 (1.43) for those appointed after 1995, p = 0.007), and among those who are younger in age (p<0.01). Collaboration with international investigators resulted in more original publications than work done only at AUB (65% v 35%, p<0.001), and a higher journal impact factor for the publications (3.20 (3.85) v 1.71 (2.36), p<0.05).Conclusions
This is one of the first studies that analyse the research productivity of the medical faculty in a university setting in a developing country. It shows a wide variation in the research productivity of the faculty members that seems to be related to individual as well as institutional characteristics. Further analysis is needed to define and characterise these factors. 相似文献3.
Afreen Ayub Ashish Goyal Anupam Kotwal Aniket Kulkarni Atul Kotwal Ajoy Mahen 《Medical Journal Armed Forces India》2013,69(2):107-112
Background
Compliance and implementation of infection control guidelines have been recognized as efficient means to prevent and control hospital acquired infections.Objectives
To evaluate knowledge and practices about infection control guidelines amongst medical students and to explore their education needs as perceived by them and faculty.Methods
A total of 160 final year students and 100 faculty members of one of the top medical colleges in India were selected by simple random sampling in each group as per sample size of 143 students (alpha 0.05, error 7%, prevalence 60%) and 99 (error 7.5%) faculty. Data collected by pilot-tested, unlinked, anonymous questionnaire.Results
Amongst students, knowledge (77.50%; 95% CI, 70.24–83.72) was mixed with misconceptions. Only 31.25% always followed hand hygiene procedure; 50% recapped needles; disposal of hazardous material into designated containers always was low (sharps 20%, contaminated items 25%). Despite experiencing needle stick injury (6.25%) and splashes (40%), less than 30% reported these as 44% were unaware of reporting procedure. The discord between the perceptions of faculty regarding students and students'' own perceptions was clearly evident (all Kappa values less than 0.50). Students and faculty agreed on workshops (58.13% and 58%) and reinforcement by colleagues (51% and 54%) but not on on-job training (51% and 34%) and part of curriculum (48% and 40%) for teaching–learning infection control.Conclusion
Tackling disconnect between students and faculty perceptions and empowering students with knowledge and skills in infection control is important. Approach needs to be researched and formulated as current methods seem to be inadequate. 相似文献4.
Background
The objective of this study was to confirm the effectiveness and safety of methotrexate and misoprostol or misoprostol alone for abortion up to 12 weeks of gestation.Methods
A group of volunteer patients desiring MTP with gestations up to 84 days (12 weeks) were studied. The patients were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 patients with gestation up to 56 days were further subdivided as (a) Patients who received methotrexate 50 mg IM + misoprostol 800 gms intravaginal and (b) patients who only received 800 gms of misoprostol. Group 2 included the patients who were 8-12 weeks pregnant and they received same treatment as group 1 (b). Outcome measures assessed included successful abortion (complete abortion without need for surgery), side effects, decrease in hemoglobin and mean duration of vaginal bleeding.Results
Complete abortion occurred in 36 (90%) of 40 patients in group 1 (a), 10 (67%) of 15 patients in group 1(b) and 29 (83%) of 35 patients in group 2. There were only 2 patients with clinically significant decrease in hemoglobin, but none required transfusions. Vaginal bleeding lasted 15 ± 6 days in group 1 (a), 16 ± 6 days in group 1(b) and 16 ± 5 days in group 2. All the patients stopped bleeding when endometrial thickness was < 5mm. Five percent women had stomatitis after methotrexate and 44% patients had fever with chills after misoprostol administration.Conclusion
Considering the low cost and availability of methotrexate and misoprostol, these drugs constitute a good alternative for medical abortion. They are safe and effective.Key Words: Methotrexate, Misoprostol, MTP, Induced abortion 相似文献5.
Seyed Saeed Mazloomy Mahmoodabad Haidar Nadrian Hossein Nahangi 《Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran》2012,26(2):50-57
Background
The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of Iranian medical and dental students in thinking critically and to assess their ability in using definite components of critical thinking (CT).Methods
Multistage cluster sampling was utilized to recruit 125 preclinical (1st, 2nd and 3rd year of study) students in Yazd Shaheed Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in Yazd, Iran. The Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal (WGCTA) was applied to collect data. The statistical analysis of the data included One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), t-test and bivariate correlations.Results
The mean total score for this sample was 45.33±5.4. Significant differences were found in total critical thinking score by gender (p= 0.022), residency (p= 0.026) and the year of education (p= 0.01). A significant correlation was found between the total CT score and the student''s number of passed credits (r= 0.297, p= 0.003). Also, a significant difference was found in the students’ scores on the WGCTA evaluation subtest by passing any research method courses (p= 0.04).Conclusion
The CT ability in medical and dental students in the present study was weak overall. Medical educators and clinical instructors should try to develop the ability of CT by teaching methods and techniques like purposeful planning and problem-based teaching to promote the components of CT in their students. The improving of CT in medical students has implications for medical education and promotion of medical profession. 相似文献6.
7.
Nayyar Iqbal Sudhagar Mookkappan Aneesh Basheer Ravichandran Kandasamy 《The Australasian medical journal》2015,8(10):325-332
Background
Although communication skills are important for a good physician-patient relationship, Indian medical curricula give very little emphasis on training medical students in this aspect.Aims
To determine the change in communication skills of final-year medical students following focused training.Methods
This was an educational interventional study done at Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, a tertiary care teaching hospital in South India, to assess communication skills among final-year MBBS students. Fifty-two students (24 males and 28 females) participated in the study. A pre-test was conducted in the form of an objectively structured clinical examination (OSCE), followed by focused training for four hours. The same OSCE was administered as post-test. A comparison between the pre-test and post-test scores was done using Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test.Results
Ninety-six per cent of participants (50 out of 52) showed improvement in their performance after the focused training. The mean marks of the pre-test and post-test were 10.77± 3 and 18.04±2, respectively, out of a maximum mark of 20 (p<0.05). One out of 52 participants did not show any improvement, and one participant scored less in the post-test compared to the pre-test. There was no significant difference in the performance between male and female students.Conclusion
Focused training can enhance the communication skills of medical students. Hence, it may be included in the curriculum of undergraduate medical teaching programmes in India. 相似文献8.
Objective:
Research in regions outside of the Caribbean shows that high school and college students'' knowledge of physical therapy is lacking. There are no data reported to date for students in the Caribbean region. This study sought to evaluate Trinidadian secondary school students'' knowledge of physical therapy, identify sources of knowledge and examine the relationship between knowledge and selected factors.Methods:
A non-experimental cross-sectional analysis of relationships was conducted with 1427 students attending schools that were randomly selected from rural and urban locations in Trinidad. A questionnaire which required the students to identify selected tasks performed by physical therapists, grade the skill level associated with each task and identify sources of information was utilized.Results:
A total of 1353 questionnaires were returned, of which 1236 were eligible for analysis. The mean number of correct responses regarding knowledge of tasks conducted by a physical therapist was 6.47 ± 2.05 out of a total of 11. More than 50% of the respondents had incorrect responses for questions related to the skill level associated with each task. Seniors and students who were interested in health careers had significantly higher scores for knowledge of tasks performed by physical therapists (6.72 ± 1.94; 6.7 ± 1.81) than juniors and those who were interested in non-health careers (6.4 ± 2.07; 6.52 ± 1.99). The two most common sources of information from all categories of respondents were television (74.8%) followed by internet (54.6%).Conclusion:
Students attending secondary schools in Trinidad are not well informed about physical therapy and strategies must be developed to address this. 相似文献9.
Background
Bringing the doctors under the ambit of Consumer Protection Act has made an impact on doctor-patient relationship. There has been an increase in legal cases of medical negligence in the recent past. This article provides practical information on medical negligence.Methods
Complaints received at Army Headquarters were studied to understand the factors involved in medical negligence.Result
Various aspects of medical negligence including doctor-patient relationship in the military set up have been discussed. Preliminary measures to be taken to avoid cases of negligence are enumerated.Conclusion
Good communication skills to build a rapport with the patient is the key to avoid majority of the complaints. The doctor must pay due courtesy, respect and care to the patient besides maintaining medical records scrupulously.Key Words: Medical negligence, Doctor patient relationship 相似文献10.
Yoichi Koike Hirotaka Sano Itaru Imamura Masako Goto Masamizu Ooyama Atushi Kita 《Upsala journal of medical sciences》2010,115(4):260-265
Background
Abnormal skin temperature in the shoulder is caused by various diseases. A thermography is unable to capture temperature changes over time. In contrast, a Thermocron is an effective measuring device to monitor temperature changes over time.Purposes
The purposes of this study employing a Thermocron were to measure shoulder skin temperature over time in healthy subjects and to detect shoulder skin temperature abnormalities in a patient with shoulder-hand syndrome.Subjects and methods
Subjects comprised 10 healthy volunteers (20 shoulders; 4 men and 6 women, mean age 54 years). For measurements, a Thermocron was attached on both shoulders. Measurements were made from 21.00 to 07.00 the following morning at 15-minute intervals.Results
Gradual difference in right and left shoulder skin temperature was observed with the timing of measurements but no significant difference was apparent, i.e. dominant side 34.9 ± 0.8°C, non-dominant side 34.9 ± 0.9°C (P = 0.28).Presentation of a case with shoulder-hand syndrome
A 54-year-old woman with the diagnosis of rotator cuff tear underwent surgical treatment of rotator cuff repair, but the pain of the operated shoulder persisted due to phase 1 shoulder-hand syndrome. In postoperative week 3, skin temperature measurement using Thermocrons demonstrated a significant decrease in temperature on the operated side (affected side 34.3 ± 0.4°C, healthy side 35.2 ± 0.3°C; P < 0.05).Conclusion
The changing of the skin temperature during night-time was successfully recorded both in the healthy subjects and a case with shoulder-hand syndrome using a Thermocron. 相似文献11.
S Chaudhury S Sharma AA Pawar BK Kumar Mrs K Srivastava S Sudarsanan D Singh 《Medical Journal Armed Forces India》2006,62(3):220-223
Background
Psychological effects of Coronary Artery Bypass graft (CABG) have been of interest all over the world but there is a paucity of Indian work.Methods
30 patients undergoing CABG at a service hospital were included. All patients filled a specially designed proforma. Mini Mental Status Examination, Hospital anxiety and depression scale, Coronary scale, Seattle angina questionnaire and Euro-QOL 5D were performed before and seven days after CABG.Results
43.3% had significant anxiety and 30% had significant depression before CABG. Following CABG, 36.67% of the patients had significant anxiety while 40% had significant depression. On the Seattle angina questionnaire, physical limitation reduced from 71.6 ± 7.9 to 53.1 ± 14.6. There was significant improvement in treatment satisfaction from 37.8 ± 6.1 to 59.4 ± 4.2 following CABG. On th euro quality of life scale (EQ5D) health status improved from 38.17 ± 9.51 before CABG to 68.5 ± 5.28 after CABG.Conclusion
There is a significant incidence of anxiety and depression in patients undergoing CABG, both before and after surgery.Key Words: CABG, anxiety, depression 相似文献12.
Haoqing Li Chuanshun Wang Jiandong Wang Kai Wu Donghua Hang 《European journal of medical research》2013,18(1):42
Background
Our purpose was to investigate the clinical efficacy of arthroscope-assisted acromioclavicular ligament reconstruction in combination with double endobutton coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction for the treatment of complete acromioclavicular joint dislocation.Methods
During the period from February 2010 to October 2012, ten patients with Rockwood types IV and V acromioclavicular joint dislocation were hospitalized and nine were treated with acromioclavicular ligament reconstruction combined with double endobutton of coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction. The improvement in shoulder functions was assessed using a Constant score and visual analog scale (VAS) system.Results
The mean follow-up period was 33.6 ± 5.4 months. The mean Constant scores improved from 25.2 ± 6.6 preoperatively to 92.4 ± 6.5 postoperatively, while the mean VAS score decreased from 5.9 ± 1.4 to 1.2 ± 0.9; significant differences were observed. The final follow-up revealed that excellent outcomes were achieved in eight patients and good outcome in two patients.Conclusion
Arthroscope-assisted acromioclavicular ligament reconstruction in combination with double endobutton of coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction is an effective approach for treatment of acute complete acromioclavicular joint dislocation. 相似文献13.
Medson Matchaya Adamson S Muula 《Malawi medical journal : the journal of Medical Association of Malawi》2009,21(1):6-11
Objective
To describe perceptions of medical students, recent medical graduates, faculty of the College of Medicine, University of Malawi and private medical practitioners (PMPs) towards an attachment of undergraduate medical students in private medical doctors'' offices.Method
Qualitative cross sectional study conducted in Blantyre, Malawi in 2004 using in-depth key informant interviews and content analysis.Results
In general, private medical practitioners were favourable to the idea of having medical students within their consulting offices while the majority of students, recent graduates and faculty opposed, fearing compromising teaching standards. The lack of formal post-graduate qualifications by most private medical practitioners, and nationally-approved continued medical education programs were mentioned as reasons to suspect that private medical practitioners (PMPs) could be outdated in skills and knowledge. Private medical practitioners however reported participation in credible continued professional development (CPD) programs although these were not necessary for re-registration. Students and faculty suggested that the need for privacy in private institutions unlike in the public teaching hospitals as one reason why patients may not be willing to participate in the teaching in PMPs facilities. The fact that the patients profiles with regard to disease presentation (mostly ambulatory) and higher socio-economic status may be different from patients attending the public, free for service teaching hospital was not seen as a desirable attribute to allocate students to PMPs clinics.Conclusion
Faculty, medical students and recent graduates of the Malawi College of Medicine do not perceive PMPs as a resource to be tapped for the training of medical students. 相似文献14.
V Ambade MM Arora P Singh B L Somani D Basannar 《Medical Journal Armed Forces India》2009,65(3):216-220
Background
Abnormalities of catecholaminergic function have been hypothesised in causation of depressive illness. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is postulated to have noradrenergic mechanism of action. We studied the clinical utility of estimating catecholamines level changes after ECT.Methods
Plasma adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine in healthy controls and depressed patients were estimated by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection method before and after ECT.Result
Mean ± standard deviation of plasma adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine in controls was 36.7 ± 13.2, 209.3 ± 76, 21.8 ± 9.5 ng/L respectively, while in depressed patients before and after ECT it was found to be 32.5 ± 12.0, 419.3 ± 167.7, 22.1 ± 16.0ng/ L and 37.2 ± 19.6, 386.1 ± 168.4, 22.3 ± 15.5ng/L respectively. Correlation of adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine concentration with scores of Beck Depression Inventory, Suicidal Ideation Scale and Melancholia Inventory was positive but statistically not significant and poor. Based on the cut off values of noradrenaline, only 62% cases could be categorized as abnormal, which after ECT reduced to 50%, whereas post ECT psychiatric ratings was normal in about 78% cases.Conclusion
There is no clinical significance of estimating adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine in depressed patients.Key Words: Electroconvulsive therapy, Adrenaline, Noradrenaline, Dopamine, Psychiatric scales 相似文献15.
CU Eze KK Agwu DN Ezeasor KK Agwuna AE Aronu EI Mba 《The West Indian medical journal》2014,63(1):46-53
Background:
Some kidney diseases are usually associated with changes in kidney size.Objective:
To determine sonographically the normal limits and percentile curves of the kidney dimensions according to age, gender and somatometric parameters among school-age children.Methods:
A prospective cross-sectional research design and convenience sampling method were utilized. Participants included 947 normal subjects (496 boys and 451 girls) aged 6–17 years old. The sonographic examination was performed on a Shenzhen DP-1100 machine with 3.5 MHz convex transducer. Longitudinal and transverse dimensions of the kidneys were obtained in coronal plane with the subject in the supine or left lateral decubitus position.Results:
The means of right and left kidney lengths in mm were 79.6 ± 8.1 and 81.6 ± 8.3, respectively while those of the right and left kidney widths in mm were 35.03 ± 3.6 and 35.09 ± 3.6, respectively. Dimensions of the kidneys were not statistically different in boys and girls (p > 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between right and left kidney length (p < 0.05). Height correlated best with both kidney lengths. Thus the normal limits, prediction models and percentile curves of kidney lengths were established with respect to height.Conclusion:
Sonographic determination of pathologic changes in the size of the kidney necessitates knowing the normal ranges of its length especially with respect to height in school-age children. 相似文献16.
Background
Induction and maintenance characteristics of sevoflurane and halothane have been studied, but little work has been done to compare the postoperative recovery of these two agents.Methods
Sixty adult, ASA I and II patients were allocated randomly into Group A and Group B of 30 each. Group A received sevoflurane and Group B received halothane for maintenance. At the end of surgery early recovery, intermediate recovery and discharge criteria were assessed.Results
Early recovery assessed with the mean time to extubation was 6.7 ± 2.29 min in Group A and 9.07 ± 1.64 min in Group B; eye opening was 7.28 ± 2.3 min in Group A and 10.6 ± 1.77 min in Group B; response to verbal command was 8.52 ± 2.83 min in Group A and 12.33 ± 2.17 min in Group B, while orientation was 10.43 ± 3.15 min in Group A and 14.77 ± 2.66 min in Group B. These differences were statistically significant (p<0.001). The mean time to reach post anaesthesia care unit discharge criteria was shorter for Group A (21.1 ± 4.69 min) as compared to Group B (27.43 ± 6.51 min) and this difference was statistically significant (p<0.001)Conclusion
Early recovery time and time taken to achieve discharge criteria were faster with sevoflurane.Key Words: Sevoflurane, Halothane, Post-operative recovery 相似文献17.
Background
A study was undertaken with the aim to evaluate the therapeutic and clinical efficacy of oral appliances in the management of upper airway sleep disorders like snoring and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).Methods
Oral appliances were prescribed in eight cases of non - apneic snoring and 42 polysomnography (PSG) diagnosed cases of OSA. The cases were assessed on Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and Apnea - Hypopnea Index (AHI).Result
62.5% of the non - apneic snoring cases reported gross reduction/cessation of snoring. In the OSA cases, the mean AHI and ESS scores decreased from 51.48 ± 23.70 to 32.78 ± 18.06 and 12.50 ± 3.57 to 7.20 ± 2.917 respectively. A statistically significant (p<0.0001) improvement in AHI and ESS scores was observed.Conclusion
Short term therapeutic efficacy of oral appliances therapy in non-apneic snoring and OSA cases was observed.Key Words: Snoring, Obstructive sleep apnea, Oral appliances 相似文献18.
Serpil Poyrazo?lu ?ule ?arli Zeliha Gencer Osman Günay 《Upsala journal of medical sciences》2010,115(3):210-216
Objectives
This investigation was performed in order to determine the prevalence rate of waterpipe smoking in students of Erciyes University and the effects of some socio-demographic factors.Methods
A total of 645 students who study the first three grades of the medical faculty and the engineering faculty of Erciyes University were enrolled in the study. A questionnaire including 48 questions was applied. Chi-square test and logistic regression method were performed for the statistical analyses.Results
The total prevalence rate of waterpipe smoking was found to be 32.7%. The prevalence rate of waterpipe smoking was 28.6% in the medical and 37.5% in the non-medical students. It was determined that 41.6% of the males and 20.2% of the females currently smoke waterpipe. Gender, cigarette smoking, and the presence of waterpipe smokers among family members and friends have significant effects on the prevalence of waterpipe smoking. Residence and economical status of the family and with whom the students live have no significant effect on the prevalence rate.Conclusions
Approximately one-third of the students currently smoke waterpipe. Smoking of both cigarette and waterpipe was frequently found. The measures against all tobacco products should be combined. 相似文献19.
Kirtana M Pai K Raghavendra Rao Dhiren Punja Asha Kamath 《The Australasian medical journal》2014,7(11):448-453
Background
Self-directed learning (SDL) has become popular in medical curricula and has been advocated as an effective learning strategy for medical students to develop competence in knowledge acquisition.Aims
The primary aim was to find out if there was any benefit of supplementing self-directed learning activity with a traditional lecture on two different topics in physiology for first-year medical students.Method
Two batches of first-year Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) (Batch A and Batch B) comprising 125 students each, received an SDL session on Morphological classification of anaemia. The students belonging to Batch A received a one-hour lecture on the same topic three days prior to the SDL session. The students were given a 10 multiple choice questions (MCQ) test for a maximum of 10 marks immediately following the SDL session. The next topic, Conducting system of the heart, disorders and conduction blocks was taught to both batches in traditional lecture format. This was followed by an SDL session on the same topic for Batch A only. The students were evaluated with a MCQ test for a maximum of 10 marks.Results
The mean test scores on the first topic were 4.38±2.06 (n=119) and 4.17±1.71 (n=118) for Batch A and Batch B, respectively. The mean test scores on the second topic were 5.4± 1.54 (n=112) and 5.15±1.37 (n=107) for Batch A and Batch B, respectively. There was no significant difference between the groups.Conclusion
For first-year medical students, SDL is an effective teaching strategy for learning physiology. However, no additional benefit is gained by supplementing SDL with a lecture to facilitate learning physiology. 相似文献20.