HRCT与PET/CT联合诊断孤立性肺结节

目的 探讨HRCT与PET/CT相结合诊断孤立性肺结节(SPN)的价值.方法 88例经病理或临床证实的SPN接受PET/CT显像和HRCT检查;PET/CT用目测法结合半定量法判断病灶的良恶性,HRCT根据病灶的形态学特征判断其良恶性;比较单纯HRCT、PET/CT和联合诊断对SPN的判断结果.结果 88例SPN中,44例良性,44例恶性.HRCT和PET/CT对恶性SPN内部和周围征象的检出率均高于良性SPN(P均＜0.05),联合诊断的特异度和准确率均高于单独HRCT和PET/CT(P均＜0.05).结论 HRCT与PET/CT联合诊断SPN的特异度和准确率均较单独诊断为高,值得临床推广.     

18F-FDG PET/CT联合薄层螺旋CT三维重建诊断孤立性肺结节

目的观察18 F-FDG PET/CT联合薄层螺旋CT三维重建对孤立性肺结节(SPN)的诊断价值。方法对139例SPN患者采用18 F-FDG PET/CT常规扫描后行肺部薄层螺旋CT扫描和三维重建,对比分析18 F-FDG PET/CT联合薄层螺旋CT三维重建和单独诊断SPN的准确率。结果139例SPN,经病理证实恶性83例、良性48例,8例经临床抗感染治疗病灶变小或消失而诊断为良性SPN。PET/CT联合薄层CT三维重建诊断SPN的灵敏度85.71%(72/84)、特异度78.18%(43/55),诊断符合率82.73%(115/139),均高于单独18 F-FDG PET/CT[64.29%(54/84)、54.55%(30/55)及60.43%(84/13)]。结论联合CT三维重建能明显提高18 F-FDG PET/CT诊断SPN的准确率。     

18F-FDG PET/CT联合薄层螺旋CT三维重建对提高孤立性肺结节诊断的应用价值

目的：探讨18F-FDG PET/CT 联合薄层螺旋CT 三维重建对提高孤立性肺结节（SPN）诊断的应用价值。方法：选取2016年9月-2018年9月就诊于厦门大学附属中山医院核医学科有回访结果的139例SPN患者，患者应用18F-FDG PET/CT 常规扫描后进行肺部薄层螺旋CT扫描和三维重建，分析对比联合诊断和单独18F-FDG PET/CT 诊断的准确性。结果：SPN患者经术后或穿刺病理证实的有131例，其中恶性83例，良性55例，经临床抗炎治疗病灶变小或消失的有8例。联合诊断的SPN结节的灵敏度85.71%、特异度78.18%、诊断符合率82.73%均高于18F-FDG PET/CT诊断的64.29%、54.55%、60.43%（P＜0.05）。结论：18F-FDG PET/CT 联合CT 三维重建能明显提高对SPN 诊断的准确性，为SPN 的治疗决策提供依据，具有重要的临床意义。     

Sixty-four–slice Computed Tomography of the Coronary Arteries: Cost–Effectiveness Analysis of Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department with Low-risk Chest Pain

Objectives: The aim was to use a computer model to estimate the cost–effectiveness of 64‐slice multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) of the coronary arteries in the emergency department (ED) compared to an observation unit (OU) stay plus stress electrocardiogram (ECG) or stress echocardiography for the evaluation of low‐risk chest pain patients presenting to the ED. Methods: A decision analytic model was developed to compare health outcomes and costs that result from three different risk stratification strategies for low‐risk chest pain patients in the ED: stress ECG testing after OU care, stress echocardiography after OU care, and MDCT with no OU care. Three patient populations were modeled with the prevalence of symptomatic coronary artery disease (CAD) being very low risk, 2%; low risk, 6% (base case); and moderate risk, 10%. Outcomes were measured as quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs). Incremental cost–effectiveness ratios (ICERs), the ratio of change in costs of one test over another to the change in QALY, were calculated for comparisons between each strategy. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to test the robustness of the results to assumptions regarding the characteristics of the risk stratification strategies, costs, utility weights, and likelihood of events. Results: In the base case, the mean (±standard deviation [SD]) costs and QALYs for each risk stratification strategy were MDCT arm $2,684 (±$1,773 to $4,418) and 24.69 (±24.54 to 24.76) QALYs, stress echocardiography arm $3,265 (±$2,383 to $4,836) and 24.63 (±24.28 to 24.74) QALYs, and stress ECG arm $3,461 (±$2,533 to $4,996) and 24.59 (±24.21 to 24.75) QALYs. The MDCT dominated (less costly and more effective) both OU plus stress echocardiography and OU plus stress ECG. This resulted in an ICER where the MDCT arm dominated the stress echocardiography arm (95% confidence interval [CI] = dominant to $29,738) and where MDCT dominated the ECG arm (95% CI = dominant to $7,332). The MDCT risk stratification arm also dominated stress echocardiography and stress ECG in the 2 and 10% prevalence scenarios, which demonstrated the same ICER trends as the 6% prevalence CAD base case. The thresholds where the MDCT arm remained a cost‐saving strategy compared to the other risk stratification strategies were cost of MDCT, <$2,097; cost of OU care, >$1,092; prevalence of CAD, <70%; MDCT specificity, >65%; and a MDCT indeterminate rate, <30%. Conclusions: In this computer‐based model analysis, the MDCT risk stratification strategy is less costly and more effective than both OU‐based stress echocardiography and stress ECG risk stratification strategies in chest pain patients presenting to the ED with low to moderate prevalence of CAD. ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2008; 15:1–10 © 2008 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine     

18F-前列腺特异性膜抗原-1007 PET/CT显像、11C-胆碱PET/CT显像及单光子发射计算机断层成像术骨显像对前列腺癌骨转移的诊断价值比较

目的探讨¹⁸F-前列腺特异性膜抗原(PSMA)-1007标记的正电子发射体层显像融合计算机体层显像技术(PET/CT)显像、11C-胆碱(11C-CHO)PET/CT显像及单光子发射计算机断层成像术(SPECT)骨显像在前列腺癌骨转移诊断上的差异。方法回顾性分析2018年9月至2020年7月北部战区总医院核医学科收治的43例男性前列腺癌患者的临床资料,年龄(77.47±11.87)岁,年龄范围为55~89岁。所有患者行¹⁸F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT显像、11C-CHO PET/CT显像及SPECT骨显像检查。分别统计¹⁸F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT显像、11C-CHO PET/CT及SPECT骨显像诊断骨转移的阳性例数和阴性例数,计算三种方法各自的灵敏度、特异度、准确性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值,绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,计算并比较各自曲线下面积(AUC),评价三种检查方法对前列腺癌骨转移的诊断效能。结果 43例前列腺癌患者中,27例患者出现骨转移。¹⁸F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT显像示26例患者发生骨转移,漏诊1例;11C-CHO PET/CT显像示24例患者发生骨转移,误诊1例,漏诊4例;SPECT骨显像示23例患者发生骨转移,误诊3例,漏诊7例,三者诊断前列腺癌骨转移的灵敏度、特异度、准确性分别为96.3%(26/27)、100%(16/16)、97.7%(42/43);85.2%(23/27)、93.8%(15/16)、88.4%(38/43);74.1%(20/27)、81.3%(13/16)、76.7%(33/43)。¹⁸F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT显像、11C-CHO PET/CT和SPECT骨显像ROC曲线的AUC和95%CI分别为0.981(0.885~1.000)、0.913(0.763~0.967)、0.777(0.624~0.889)。三种检查的AUC曲线下面积进行两两比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。采用Wilcoxon秩和检验对27例患者三种方法检出的骨转移灶的数量进行两两比较发现,¹⁸F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT显像与SPECT骨显像比较,差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.484,P=0.013),¹⁸F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT显像与11C-CHO PET/CT显像比较,差异无统计学意义(Z=-0.160,P=0.873);11C-CHO PET/CT显像与SPECT骨显像比较,差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.085,P=0.037)。结论 PET/CT显像较SPECT骨显像能发现更多的骨转移灶。¹⁸F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT显像对前列腺癌骨转移诊断的灵敏度、特异度及准确性高于其他两种检查方式。在低前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)的情况下,能够精确地对前列腺癌骨转移做出诊断。     

Cost-Effectiveness of Positron Emission Tomography in Breast Cancer

PURPOSE: In this study, we used quantitative decision tree modeling to assess the cost-effectiveness of a positron emission tomography (PET)-based management scenario for breast cancer in Canada. PROCEDURES: Two patient management scenarios were compared (with and without PET). A metaanalysis of studies for the accuracy of PET in staging breast cancer was conducted. Life expectancies were calculated. Management costs were determined from previous cost-effective analyses, management costs from our institutions, and recently published Canadian cost estimates of various procedures. RESULTS: A cost savings of $695 per person is expected for the PET strategy, with an increase in life expectancy (7.4 days), when compared with the non-PET strategy. This cost savings remained in favor of the PET strategy when subjected to a sensitivity analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a PET management strategy for the staging of breast cancer is expected to remain economically viable in Canada under various economic conditions.     

Value of multi-slice spiral computerized tomography for diagnosis of synchronous colorectal carcinoma: a retrospective study

ObjectiveTo compare the accuracy of multi-slice spiral computerized tomography (MSCT) with colonoscopy for diagnosing synchronous colorectal carcinoma (SCC).MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed all consecutive patients admitted to our institution with colorectal carcinoma between 19 September 2014 and 31 January 2020. Data on SCC patients who had undergone MSCT and colonoscopy were analyzed. Information on tumor location, tumor size, missed diagnosis by MSCT or colonoscopy, T stage, pathological type, and reasons for missed diagnosis was recorded and used to assess the diagnostic accuracies of MSCT and colonoscopy.ResultsTwenty-three cases met the inclusion criteria. MSCT plus colonoscopy had a significantly higher diagnostic accuracy (93.5%) than colonoscopy alone. There were significant differences in missed diagnosis rates of proximal cancer (34.8%) and distal cancer (4.3%) by colonoscopy. For MSCT, the missed diagnosis rate for tumors with a median long diameter of 1.25 cm (interquartile range 0.80, 1.50) was significantly lower than that for larger tumors (long diameter 4.00 cm; 3.00, 6.00).ConclusionsMSCT is a valuable diagnostic tool for SCC that can effectively minimize the missed diagnosis rate of primary tumors when combined with colonoscopy.     

PET/CT、头部增强CT和头部增强MRI对肺癌脑转移瘤检出价值的对比

  目的  分析与探讨18F-FDG PET/CT+头部增强CT、18F-FDG PET/CT+头部增强MRI几种检查方法对肺癌脑转移瘤的诊断价值与差异。  方法  回顾分析327例肺癌患者的临床资料，对比其18F-FDG PET/CT、头部增强CT及头部增强MRI影像资料，分析18F-FDG PET/CT联合头部增强CT、18F-FDG PET/CT联合头部增强MRI对肺癌分期的影响；比较18F-FDG PET/CT、头部增强CT、头部增强MRI 3种检查方法对肺癌脑转移瘤检出价值；比较18F-FDG PET/CT与头部增强MRI，肺癌脑转移瘤漏诊组与未漏诊组囊变、水肿表现的差异。  结果  18F-FDG PET/CT+头部增强CT、18F-FDG PET/CT+头部增强MRI这两种组合检查方法在检出肺癌脑转移瘤方面，对肺癌分期的影响差异有统计学意义（χ2=305.58，P < 0.01）；18F-FDG PET/CT、头部增强CT、头部增强MRI三种检查方法对肺癌脑转移瘤检出率分别为7.34%、12.23%、19.88%；3种检查方法对肺癌脑转移瘤检出情况比较差异具有统计学意义（χ2=22.867，P < 0.01）；肺癌脑转移瘤18F-FDG PET/CT与MRI比较漏诊组与未漏诊组发生囊变、水肿情况的差异无统计学意义（χ2=0.657，P > 0.05；χ2=0.023，P > 0.05）；漏诊组、未漏诊组出现囊变率为31.70%（13/41）、41.67%（10/24）；漏诊组、未漏诊组出现水肿率为56.09%（23/41）、54.17%（13/24）。  结论  18F-FDG PET/CT+头部增强CT、18F-FDG PET/CT+头部增强MRI检查均能够提高肺癌脑转移瘤的检出率，对精确判断肺癌分期，掌握脑转移瘤详细情况，降低脑转移瘤的漏诊率有重要作用，检出价值最高的是18F-FDG PET/CT+头部增强MRI联合。      

正电子发射型断层成像在胃恶性肿瘤诊断中的作用

目的:评价正电子发射型断层扫描(PET)技术在胃恶性肿瘤中的诊断价值并与CT对照。方法:32例可疑胃恶性肿瘤患者术前行PET全身显像,22例行CT检查,将以上结果和病理分期对照。结果:32例中,25例为恶性肿瘤,7例为良性病变。18F-FDG-PET半定量分析对原发病灶的诊断敏感性、特异性分别为84%、5/7。CT对胃恶性肿瘤原发病灶诊断敏感性、特异性分别为88.9%和4/5。PET、CT对恶性肿瘤转移淋巴结检测准确率分别为80%和76.5%。PET、CT对远处转移病灶的诊断准确率分别为7/8和2/7。结论:PET对胃恶性肿瘤局部病灶和远处转移病灶检测较为敏感,在临床诊断有较高的应用价值。     

Mediastinal staging of non-small cell lung carcinoma using computed and positron-emission tomography

BACKGROUND: We evaluated the accuracy of computed tomography (CT) and positron-emission tomography (PET) in the mediastinal staging of non-small cell lung cancer. METHODS: Between May 14, 1999, and November 28, 2000, computerized tomography (CT) and positron-emission tomography (PET) were used to clinically stage 94 consecutive patients with non-small cell carcinoma of the lung (NSCCL). All patients underwent subsequent surgical staging with mediastinoscopy, anterior mediastinotomy, and/or thoracotomy with mediastinal lymphadenectomy. RESULTS: Overall accuracy was the same for both procedures. False-negative results occurred 3 times more often with CT; false-positive results occurred twice as often with PET. Sensitivity and specificity were 64% and 94%, respectively, for CT, versus 88% and 86%, respectively, for PET. Positive and negative predictive values were 80% and 88%, respectively, for CT, versus 71% and 95%, respectively, for PET. CONCLUSION: In addition to routine use of CT, PET seems to achieve high negative predictive value in the evaluation of mediastinal disease; PET seems particularly helpful in assessing absence of tumor in bulky nodes after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy.     

An impact analysis of the NEXUS Chest CT clinical decision rule

BackgroundThe NEXUS Chest CT clinical decision rules (CDRs) have been proposed to safely guide selective chest CT use in blunt trauma evaluation. We conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis of the NEXUS Chest CT CDR to determine its impact on missed injuries, cost, and radiation exposure.MethodsWe constructed a decision model comparing two strategies: implementation of the NEXUS Chest CDR vs. usual care in the evaluation of adults with blunt trauma. We derived probabilities, clinical outcomes, effective radiation dose (ERD) from the NEXUS Chest CT validation cohort and costs from the Charge-master at the primary study site. Our primary outcomes were cost and effective radiation dose (ERD) per missed clinically significant injury (CSI).ResultsUsing a hypothetical cohort of 1000 adults with blunt chest trauma in each arm, the base case model projected that the implementation of the CDR would result in 161 fewer chest CTs, 0.08 additional missed CSIs, a cost savings of $136,432 and a decrease in 1435 mSv, as compared to Usual Care. To detect one additional CSI, the Usual Care strategy would require 2015 more chest CTs with a cost of $1.8 million and 17,934 mSv more radiation.ConclusionsCompared to usual care, implementation of the NEXUS Chest CT Major CDR in the evaluation of adults with blunt trauma would greatly reduce CT associated costs and radiation exposure with a slight increased risk of missed CSIs.     

Can Computed Tomography Angiography of the Brain Replace Lumbar Puncture in the Evaluation of Acute‐onset Headache After a Negative Noncontrast Cranial Computed Tomography Scan?

Objectives: The primary goal of evaluation for acute‐onset headache is to exclude aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Noncontrast cranial computed tomography (CT), followed by lumbar puncture (LP) if the CT is negative, is the current standard of care. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) of the brain has become more available and more sensitive for the detection of cerebral aneurysms. This study addresses the role of CT/CTA versus CT/LP in the diagnostic workup of acute‐onset headache. Methods: This article reviews the recent literature for the prevalence of SAH in emergency department (ED) headache patients, the sensitivity of CT for diagnosing acute SAH, and the sensitivity and specificity of CTA for cerebral aneurysms. An equivalence study comparing CT/LP and CT/CTA would require 3,000 + subjects. As an alternative, the authors constructed a mathematical probability model to determine the posttest probability of excluding aneurysmal or arterial venous malformation (AVM) SAH with a CT/CTA strategy. Results: SAH prevalence in ED headache patients was conservatively estimated at 15%. Representative studies reported CT sensitivity for SAH to be 91% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 82% to 97%) and sensitivity of CTA for aneurysm to be 97.9% (95% CI = 88.9% to 99.9%). Based on these data, the posttest probability of excluding aneurysmal SAH after a negative CT/CTA was 99.43% (95% CI = 98.86% to 99.81%). Conclusions: CT followed by CTA can exclude SAH with a greater than 99% posttest probability. In ED patients complaining of acute‐onset headache without significant SAH risk factors, CT/CTA may offer a less invasive and more specific diagnostic paradigm. If one chooses to offer LP after CT/CTA, informed consent for LP should put the pretest risk of a missed aneurysmal SAH at less than 1%. ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2010; 17:444–451 © 2010 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine     

Diagnostic Accuracy of Ultrasound and 18-F-FDG PET or PET/CT for Patients with Suspected Recurrent Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracies of ultrasound (US) and 18-F-FDG positron emission tomography (PET) or PET/computed tomography (CT) for detecting recurrent papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) after total thyroidectomy. Our study enrolled 76 postoperative patients who underwent both neck US and PET because of the suspicion of recurrence. The results of US and PET were correlated with the histopathology, the radioactive iodine whole body scan (WBS) or the clinical follow-up results. Among them, 53 patients had recurrent disease (local recurrence, 42; distant metastasis, 3; elevated Tg level, 8) and 23 showed no evidence of disease. From the analysis, US showed higher diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity and specificity compared with those of PET (71.1%, 71.7% and 69.6% vs. 55.3%, 56.6%, and 52.2%). PET added diagnostic information in a limited number of patients with negative results on neck US (3 with neck recurrence and 2 with distant metastasis). (E-mail: jeonghlee@hanmir.com)     

Utility of sonographically guided biopsy in metabolically suspected recurrent lymphoma.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of sonographically guided biopsy of [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-avid foci on positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) in patients with lymphoma. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 56 patients with lymphoma (25 male and 31 female; mean age, 48.5 years; range, 22-80 years) who underwent sonographically guided biopsy of hypermetabolic FDG-avid foci precisely localized by PET/CT. Biopsies were performed up to 3 months after PET/CT. The accuracy of core biopsy was calculated and compared with clinical follow-up and histopathologic results of open biopsy. RESULTS: Sixty-six sonographically guided biopsies were performed in the 56 patients. Histopathologic results were conclusive in 53 (80%) of 66. No complications occurred during or after the procedure. The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and accuracy for diagnosis of lymphoma were 100%, 95%, 97%, and 98%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Sonographically guided biopsy is a safe and effective means for investigating metabolically active lesions on FDG-PET/CT in patients with known lymphoma.     

18F-FDG PET/CT综合分析法在胰腺癌诊断中的价值

目的探讨利用CT良性征象校正FDG假阳性的PET/CT综合分析方法在胰腺癌诊断中的价值。方法胰腺原发良恶性疾患40例,其中胰腺癌27例(手术6例,临床随访21例),急、慢性胰腺炎13例(腹腔镜2例,临床随访11例)。分别用单纯SUV测量法和PET与CT相结合的综合分析法分析,比较两种方法诊断胰腺恶性肿瘤的敏感性、特异性及准确性。SUV测量法以病灶SUVmax值大于2.5为恶性病变诊断指征,反之为良性。PET/CT综合分析法以PET为主导,CT具有否决权,利用PET/CT融合图像的精确对位,当浓聚热点相应CT表现为明显的良性病变征象时,无论FDG浓聚程度如何,均诊断为良性病变。结果综合分析法对胰腺癌诊断的敏感性、特异性、准确性都是100%;单纯SUV测量法敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为96.3%、76.9%、90.0%。结论CT的良性征象,尤其是炎性渗出征象,对FDG假阳性有校正作用,通过这种校正能够提高PET/CT在胰腺癌诊断的特异性和准确性。     

Cost-effectiveness of Community-Based Depression Interventions for Rural and Urban Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: Projections From Program ACTIVE (Adults Coming Together to Increase Vital Exercise) II

OBJECTIVEWe estimated the cost-effectiveness of the Program ACTIVE (Adults Coming Together to Increase Vital Exercise) II community-based exercise (EXER), cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and EXER+CBT interventions in adults with type 2 diabetes and depression relative to usual care (UC) and each other.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSData were integrated into the Michigan Model for Diabetes to estimate cost and health outcomes over a 10-year simulation time horizon from the health care sector and societal perspectives, discounting costs and benefits at 3% annually. Primary outcome was cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained.RESULTSFrom the health care sector perspective, the EXER intervention strategy saved $313 (USD) per patient and produced 0.38 more QALY (cost saving), the CBT intervention strategy cost $596 more and gained 0.29 more QALY ($2,058/QALY), and the EXER+CBT intervention strategy cost $403 more and gained 0.69 more QALY ($585/QALY) compared with UC. Both EXER and EXER+CBT interventions dominated the CBT intervention. Compared with EXER, the EXER+CBT intervention strategy cost $716 more and gained 0.31 more QALY ($2,323/QALY). From the societal perspective, compared with UC, the EXER intervention strategy saved $126 (cost saving), the CBT intervention strategy cost $2,838/QALY, and the EXER+CBT intervention strategy cost $1,167/QALY. Both EXER and EXER+CBT interventions still dominated the CBT intervention. In comparison with EXER, the EXER+CBT intervention strategy cost $3,021/QALY. Results were robust in sensitivity analyses.CONCLUSIONSAll three Program ACTIVE II interventions represented a good value for money compared with UC. The EXER+CBT intervention was highly cost-effective or cost saving compared with the CBT or EXER interventions.     

PET?蛐CT与CT显像对非小细胞肺癌诊断的对比研究

目的:通过PET/CT与CT在NSCLC诊断中的对比研究,评价PET/CT在诊断NSCLC及其转移灶的临床价值。材料与方法:收集经手术、CT引导下肺穿刺活检及随访证实的NSCLC 56例。均行PET/CT及CT扫描。行18F-FDG PET/CT图像和CT图像对比研究。结果:56例NSCLC患者,对于肺原发灶,PET/CT灵敏度96.4%,CT灵敏度82.1%,二者相比差异显著(P=0.008);对于转移灶,PET/CT灵敏度100%,CT灵敏度80.5%,二者相比差异显著(P<0.001)。结论:PET/CT在NSCLC原发病灶诊断及其转移灶的检出上优于CT显像。随着PET/CT的普及,其有望成为肺癌无创诊断的新标准。     

116例肺孤立性小结节的螺旋CT研究

目的 提高螺旋CT对肺孤立性小结节(SPN)的定性诊断准确性。方法 应用薄层高分辨扫描 (HRCT)、动态增强扫描(DECT)、后处理技术 (MPR、3D～SSD、MIP)及视窗调节技术诊断SPN116例。结果 经临床证实的116例SPIN主要几类典型CT表现 :(1)肺癌 :分叶征、短毛刺征、胸膜凹陷性、结节或空泡/细支气管空泡征 ;(2)结核瘤 :界清、边缘光、无/浅分叶、常钙化空洞、干酪坏死灶、周围卫星灶、强化直<15Hu ;(3)炎性假瘤 :病灶双侧缘垂直于胸腔、刀削征、锯齿征、长毛刺、尖角、卫星灶、胸膜反应明显 ,抗炎明显吸收缩小。结论 各种扫描技术应用 ,各类病变常见征象的掌握可明显提高对SPN的定性诊断准确率     

Incremental value of CT in PET/CT of patients with colorectal carcinoma

Background: We assessed the contribution of dedicated computed tomographic (CT) interpretation to the accuracy of positron emission tomography (PET) plus CT in imaging patients with suspected primary or metastatic colorectal carcinoma.Methods: One hundred PET/CT scans in 90 consecutive patients were evaluated retrospectively. Imaging was performed on a GE Discovery LS PET/CT scanner. PET images were obtained from the skull base through the midthigh after intravenous administration of 15 to 20 mCi of [¹⁸F] fluorine-18-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose. Noncontrast axial CT images were obtained at the same anatomic locations, with 140 kV, 80 mA, 0.8 s/CT rotation, a pitch of 6, and a table speed of 22.5 mm/s. The CT component of the PET/CT study was reviewed independently by consensus of two blinded readers. Scans were evaluated for the presence of primary disease, local recurrence, and distant metastases. Results were compared with the PET/CT report. The gold standard was clinical and imaging follow-up for at least 6 months, surgery, or biopsy.Results: The study included 40 males and 50 females, with a mean age of 63 years (range, 31–92 years). The indications for the examination were to evaluate for recurrence of colorectal cancer in 83 cases, determine disease spread in 15 cases, and evaluate for possible primary malignancy in two cases with rising carcinoembryonic antigen. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the PET/CT report and of the combined PET/CT with dedicated CT interpretation were 0.914, 0.633, and 0.830 and 0.986, 1.000, and 0.980, respectively. The difference between PET/CT and the combined PET/CT with dedicated CT interpretation with respect to accuracy was statistically significant (p < 0.05).Conclusion: The CT portion of PET/CT provides valuable anatomic and pathologic information to the functional information provided by PET and helps improve the overall accuracy of the combined study.     

非转移性甲状腺癌的比较影像学分析

目的探讨各种影像学检查方法在非转移性甲状腺癌中的诊断价值,提高该病的影像诊断水平。方法选择32例经临床病理证实为非转移性甲状腺癌的病例,回顾性分析其术前超声、CT、MRI和PET/CT图像,并与手术病理对照。结果肿瘤位于一侧叶者27例,一叶及峡部者4例,双叶者1例。病灶大小0.4cm×0.5cm-5.5cm×8cm,其中≤1cm者4例,〉1cm及≤4cm者22例,〉4cm者6例。形态呈类圆形28例,不规则形4例。边缘清楚者20例,边缘或部分边缘不清者12例。密度均匀者7例,密度不均者25例（其中囊变18例、出血5例）。内部见钙化者14例,无钙化者18例。四种检查对各种病变征象显示率不同,对病变诊断有不同的优缺点。定性诊断的准确率从高到低依次为PET/CT 87.5%、CT 68.8%、B超62.5%、MRI 50.0%,PET/CT与CT、B超和MRI之间比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,CT、B超与MRI之间比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 B超是诊断非转移性甲状腺癌首选和重要检查。CT是肿瘤定性和术前检查的必要方法。PET/CT是非转移性甲状腺癌定性诊断的最有效的手段。PET/CT和MRI在甲状腺微小癌诊断上有一定优势。