老年人睡眠时长与抑郁症状的关系

背景 抑郁症严重危害老年人的身心健康,睡眠与抑郁症状的关系已成为研究热点之一,但目前关于睡眠与抑郁症状之间的研究结论存在差异。目的 探讨老年人睡眠时长与抑郁症状之间的关系,为预防老年人出现抑郁症状和延缓已有抑郁症状的老年人病情发展提供参考。方法 采用2018年《中国健康与养老追踪调查》数据库（CHARLS）中8 210名年龄≥60岁老年人的调查结果。按照中文简版流调中心用抑郁量表（CESD-10）评分标准,将老年人分为存在抑郁症状和不存在抑郁症状两组。使用Logistic回归及限制性立方样条模型分析老年人睡眠时长与抑郁症状之间的关联。结果 在8 210名老年人中,检出存在抑郁症状者3 118人（37.98%）,平均每晚睡眠时长为（6.14±2.05）h。睡眠时长与抑郁症状之间存在非线性关联（χ²=412.670,P<0.01,df=4）。在调整了混杂因素后,睡眠时长<6 h、6~6.9 h和≥8 h的老年人出现抑郁症状的风险分别是睡眠时长7~7.9 h老年人的2.971倍（95% CI：2.560~3.449,P<0.01）、1.372倍（95% CI：1.161~1.621,P<0.01）和1.185倍（95% CI：1.009~1.393,P<0.05）。在不同性别及60~69岁组老年人中,未发现睡眠时长≥8 h与抑郁症状检出风险有关（P>0.05）。结论 睡眠时长与抑郁症状存在近似非线性关联,但存在性别和年龄差异。     

卒中后抑郁患者睡眠障碍的治疗

目的卒中后抑郁患者应用奥氮平治疗后症状改善情况。方法对卒中后抑郁患者86例,对照组卒中患者92例进行匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）问卷调查,分析两组患者及组中后抑郁患者奥氮平治疗前后的睡眠情况。结果卒中后抑郁组的睡眠质量、入睡时间、睡眠时间、睡眠效率、睡眠障碍、催眠药物、日间功能等因子评分和PSQI总分均高于对照组（P〈0．05）,经奥氮平治疗后,PSQI评分明显好转（P〈0．05）。结论情感障碍可以影响患者的睡眠质量,经奥氮平治疗后睡眠障碍明显改善,显著提高了患者生活质量。     

卒中后抑郁大鼠的多导睡眠图研究

目的 探索制备理想的PSD大鼠模型及其多导睡眠图变化.方法 SD大鼠采用双侧颈总动脉结扎法制备脑卒中大鼠模型,在此基础上结合孤养、中度的不可预测应激刺激复合制备脑PSD模型,以大鼠蔗糖水饮用量实验、体重变化、Open-Field实验、多导睡眠图等来检测模型的可行性.结果 PSD组与对照组和卒中组相比,体重增长减缓(P<0.01),蔗糖水饮用量减少(P<0.01),Open-Field实验活动量减少(P<0.01),多导睡眠图中,REM潜伏期缩短和REM时间减少(P<0.01).结论 采用大鼠双侧颈总动脉永久结扎结合不可预知应激和孤养法制备的模型,模拟了PSD的发病机制,是研究PSD的理想模型;多导睡眠图可以作为PSD动物模型制备成功的参考指标.     

艾司西酞普兰对卒中后抑郁状态及神经康复的临床研究

我们用艾司西酞普兰治疗卒中后抑郁(PSD),了解PSD患者康复阶段抗抑郁药物治疗的价值。报告如下。1对象和方法对象于我院2009年1月至2010年7月首次卒中住院,并且在病情稳定出院后仍坚持在我科康复中心进行神经功     

百忧解治疗卒中后抑郁状态的临床疗效观察

作者观察了百忧解治疗卒中后抑郁状态４１例的疗效和副反应。现报道于后。１资料与方法１．１一般资料本组病例均系首发的脑血管病患者，共１０３例。其中，男７４例，女２９例。年龄４８～８２岁，平均（６２．５±５．３）岁。均为脑出血或脑梗死。急性期病程＞３０天，恢复期病程＜１年。有意识障碍、失语、认知功能障碍、不依从检查者除外。均经头颅ＣＴ或ＭＲＩ确诊。其中，出血３６例，梗死６７例，所有病例均通过Ｈａｍｉｌｔｏｎ抑郁量表（ＨＡＭＤ）１７项版本进行测评，该１０３患者中发现有４１例ＨＡＭＤ评分≥１７分，即达到抑…     

卒中后抑郁患者匹兹堡睡眠量表与多道睡眠图研究

目的 探讨卒中后抑郁（PSD）患者的主观睡眠和客观睡眠情况,比较两种评估结果是否一致.方法 使用匹兹堡睡眠量表指数（PSQI）对PSD组和对照组患者的主观睡眠状况进行评估,并应用多道睡眠仪（PSG）对PSD组患者的客观睡眠状况进行记录,比较PSD组主客观睡眠的各项指标.结果 PSD组与对照组比较,PSQI各因子分及总分值偏高,差异有显著性;PSD组患者主观睡眠比客观睡眠障碍更加严重,差异有显著性.结论 PSD患者存在睡眠障碍,且PSD患者主观睡眠障碍比客观睡眠障碍更加严重.     

痤疮患者抑郁和睡眠质量的关系

目的探究痤疮患者抑郁和睡眠质量的关系。方法选取2018年5月～2018年12月于我院接受治疗的84例痤疮患者为研究对象,按照抑郁水平(SDS量表)将所有患者分为三组:正常组(SDS评分≤50分)、轻中度抑郁组(50 SDS评分≤70分)、重度抑郁组(SDS评分 70分),分别有31例、26例、27例,比较三组患者的一般资料以及睡眠质量水平(PSQI评分),并使用Pearson法分析SDS评分与PSQI评分的相关性。结果三组患者一般情况没有明显差异,三组患者在睡眠质量评分、睡眠时间评分、睡眠效率评分、睡眠障碍评分、入睡时间评分、催眠药物评分、日间功能评分以及总分存在差异,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05);Pearson法分析显示SDS评分与睡眠质量、睡眠时间、睡眠效率、睡眠障碍、入睡时间、催眠药物、日间功能、总分相关系数r分别为0.356、0.297、0.388、0.465、0.621、0.553、0.601、0.517。结论痤疮患者抑郁水平与PSQI评分呈正相关,临床上可以通过改善患者的抑郁水平,提高其睡眠质量。     

脑卒中后抑郁与卒中部位关系探讨

目的 研究首发脑卒中患者第4周脑卒中后抑郁与卒中部位的关系.方法 共调查127例患者,其中113例完成所有调查,将诊断为PSD的患者列为PSD组,其余患者为非PSD组.比较2组的卒中性质和卒中部位.结果 从卒中病灶发生的部位看,左侧病灶发病率(59.18%)高于右侧病灶(38.16%),前部病灶(50.85%)高于后部病灶(29.63%).皮层病灶(57.14%)高于皮层下病灶(33.80%).2组病灶数目比较,多灶患者PSD的发生率(59.68%)明显高于单灶患者(37.25%)(P<0 .05).卒中性质与PSD无明显关系(χ2＝3.86,P>0.05).结论 脑卒中后抑郁与卒中部位存在关系.     

卒中后抑郁患者的多项睡眠图研究

目的:探讨多项睡眠图(PSG)各项指标对卒中后抑郁(PSD)患者的诊断价值.方法:卒中后抑郁组(PSD组)和卒中后无抑郁组(对照组)以年龄1∶1配对,用PSG仪对两组各59例患者进行整夜睡眠描记并对结果进行分析.结果:睡眠进程:PSD组睡眠潜伏期延长,觉醒时间增多,睡眠总时间减少,睡眠效率下降,睡眠维持率下降,两组比较...     

卒中后抑郁与卒中部位的相关研究

目的 探讨卒中后抑郁（post-stroke depression PSI））与卒中病灶部位的关系。方法通过CT或MRI进行卒中病灶定位,采用Hamilton抑郁量表对200例卒中患者在发病2周和3月进行调查评分。结果急性期和恢复期大脑半球左侧、右侧、双侧卒中PSD发生率无统计学差异。2周时大脑半球前部与后部卒中病灶两PSD发生率无统计学差异（x^2=1．9546,P〉0．1）。3月时大脑半球前部与后部卒中痛灶两PSD发生率有统计学差异（x^2=6．04,P〈0．05）。结论PSD的发生无半球偏利性。急性期大脑半球前部卒中病灶与PSD无明显相关性。恢复期走脑半球前部卒中病灶与PSD存在相关性。     

睡眠质量、生活事件与新发脑梗死关系的研究

目的 探讨生活事件刺激及睡眠质量对脑梗死发病的影响,并进一步研究其对脑梗死严重程度及 卒中后情绪障碍的影响。 方法 入组新发脑梗死患者与非脑梗死患者（对照组）,比较两组的一般临床资料,分析脑梗死 的危险因素,采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index,PSQI）量表进行病前1个月睡 眠质量评价,生活事件量表（Life Event Scale,LES）进行病前生活事件刺激量评估,并在患者住院 第一周内采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表、汉密尔顿焦虑量表评价情绪障碍,美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表 （National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS）、日常生活能力量表（Activity of Daily Living Scale, ADL）评价发病严重情况。 结果 共纳入脑梗死组95例,对照组85例。单因素分析结果显示,脑梗死组的生活事件量表得分 显著高于对照组[6.00（14.00）vs 0.00（6.25）,P <0.001],其中负性生活事件得分显著高于对照组 [6.00（16.00）vs 0.00（3.25）,P <0.001];PSQI总得分脑梗死组高于对照组[8.50（7.00）vs 6.00（6.5）, （P =0.007）],其中有5项睡眠质量因子分别为主观睡眠质量（P =0.021）、睡眠潜伏期（P =0.034）、 睡眠持续性（P =0.002）、睡眠紊乱（P =0.023）、白天功能紊乱（P =0.012）的得分均显著高于对照 组;非条件性Logistic回归分析提示负性事件[比值比（odds ratio,OR）1.054,95%可信区间（confidence interval,CI）1.003～1.108,P =0.038）、睡眠持续性（OR 1.601,95%CI 1.133～2.264,P =0.008）及舒 张压（OR 1.037,95%CI 1.006～1.069,P =0.019）是脑梗死的危险因素。另外,在脑梗死患者中,病 前睡眠障碍患者汉密尔顿抑郁量表得分较无睡眠障碍者显著增高[9.00（15.00）vs 0.00（8.00）, P =0.047]。 结论 生活事件、睡眠障碍均对脑梗死发病率有影响,其中负性生活事件、睡眠持续性、舒张压高 是脑梗死的独立危险因素,病前睡眠障碍有可能引起更严重的卒中后抑郁症状。     

Sleep duration,insomnia, and markers of systemic inflammation: Results from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA)

Systemic inflammation has emerged as a potential pathway linking depressive and anxiety disorders with disease risk. Short and long sleep duration, as well as insomnia, are common among psychiatric populations and have previously been related to increased inflammation. The aim of the present study was to investigate associations between sleep duration and insomnia with biomarkers of inflammation and to explore whether these associations varied by psychiatric diagnostic status. To this end, self-reported measures of sleep duration, insomnia symptoms, and markers of inflammation, including C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-(IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, were obtained in 2553 adults (aged 18–65 years) diagnosed with current/recent or remitted depressive and/or anxiety disorders and healthy controls enrolled in the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA). Regression analyses revealed associations between sleep duration and levels of CRP and IL-6 with higher levels observed in long sleepers. These associations remained statistically significant after controlling for age, gender, education, body mass index, smoking, alcohol consumption, medical comorbidities, medication use, psychotropic medication use, and psychiatric diagnostic status. There were no clear associations between insomnia symptoms and levels of inflammation. Relationships between sleep duration and inflammation did not vary as a function of psychiatric diagnostic status. These findings suggest that elevated levels of systemic inflammation may represent a mechanism linking long sleep duration and disease risk among those with and without depressive and anxiety disorders.     

Discrepancy Between Desired Time in Bed and Desired Total Sleep Time,Insomnia, Depression,and Dysfunctional Beliefs About Sleep Among the General Population

Objective The aim of this study was to explore the factors that can influence the severity of insomnia in the general population. We also aimed to examine whether sleep effort mediates the association between dysfunctional beliefs about sleep or the discrepancy between desired time in bed and desired total sleep time (DBST) and insomnia severity in individuals. Methods A total of 387 participants enrolled in this e-survey study. The symptoms were rated using the insomnia severity index (ISI), Patients Health Questionnaire-9 items, Dysfunctional Beliefs about Sleep-2 items, Glasgow Sleep Effort Scale, and Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-6 items. In addition, we defined a new sleep index named the DBST index. A linear regression analysis was performed to explore the factors predicting ISI scores, and mediation analysis was implemented to explore whether persistent preoccupation with sleep mediated the influence of dysfunctional beliefs about sleep and DBST on insomnia severity. Results A linear regression analysis investigated depression (β=0.17, p<0.001), sleep effort (β=0.50, p<0.001), dysfunctional beliefs about sleep (β=0.13, p=0.001), and DBST (β=0.09, p=0.014) (adjusted R²=0.50, F=65.7, p<0.001). Additionally, we observed that persistent preoccupation with sleep partially mediated the influence of dysfunctional beliefs about sleep and DBST on insomnia severity. Conclusion Depression, preoccupation with sleep, dysfunctional beliefs about sleep, and DBST influenced the insomnia severity of the general population. We also observed that a persistent preoccupation with sleep partially mediated the influence of dysfunctional beliefs about sleep and the DBST index on insomnia severity.     

抑郁症的睡眠脑电图与人脑兴奋守恒假说

目的　探索抑郁症状与睡眠脑电图参数的相关性。方法　对 18例抑郁症和 10例正常人评定汉密尔顿抑郁评定量表 (HAMD)和检测睡眠脑电图。结果　HAMD总分与觉醒次数及REM密度分别呈显著正相关 (r分别等于 0 .4 0 8和 0 .4 4 5 ,P均 <0 .0 5 )。结论　抑郁症和正常人的白天中枢抑制与夜间中枢兴奋相关 ,从而支持人脑兴奋守恒假说。     

Sleep disturbance and deficits of sustained attention following stroke

Objective: To simultaneously investigate the prevalence of and impact that the poststroke complications of daytime sleepiness, poor sleep quality, depression, and fatigue may be having upon deficits of sustained attention, as assessed using the Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT). Method: Twenty-two patients with stroke (mean age: 68.23 ± 12.17 years) and 20 healthy control participants (mean age: 68.1 ± 9.5 years) completed subjective measures of daytime sleepiness, sleep quality, fatigue, and depression and an objective measure of sustained attention as assessed using the PVT. Results: Patients with stroke compared to controls showed heightened levels of fatigue (p = .001, η² = .29) and depression (p = .002, η² = .23), plus greater deficits of sustained attention as reflected by poorer performance across all PVT outcome measures including: slower mean reaction times (p = .002, η² = .22); increased number of lapses (p = .002, η² = .24); and greater variability in reaction time (RT) responses (p = .016, η² = .15). Reaction time distribution analysis suggested that daytime sleepiness and sleep quality had little influence across PVT performance; however, depressive symptomology was associated with longer RT responses, indicative of inattention, and fatigue impacted upon the entire distribution of PVT responses. Conclusions: PVT performance illustrated significant deficits across the domain of sustained attention for patients with stroke in comparison to healthy controls, in terms of inattention as well as slower sensory–motor speed. The common poststroke complications of depressive symptomology and fatigue appear to be associated with these deficits in sustained attention, warranting further investigation.     

谷氨酸与卒中后抑郁

卒中后抑郁是脑血管病后的常见并发症,严重影响了患者的生活,延长了康复治愈的时间,增加了致残率和致死率,加重了患者和家属的疾病负担。其发病机制尚未完全明了,治疗上主要以抗抑郁的精神药物为主。但是目前常用的抗抑郁药绝大多数以增加5-羟色胺和去甲肾上腺素的突触利用率为目标。这些抗抑郁药的效果不超过60%～65%,并需要2～4周才能发挥其疗效,近年的研究发现“谷氨酸及其受体”也参与抑郁症的发病机制。本文就卒中后抑郁与谷氨酸及其受体的关系方面的研究进行综述。     

Reciprocal dynamics between self-rated sleep and symptoms of depression and anxiety in young adult women: a 14-day diary study

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to characterize the day-to-day associations among sleep disturbance, depression, and anxiety in a sample of young adult women.MethodsOne hundred and seventy-one women (20.1 ± 3.3 years) completed in-laboratory baseline assessment followed by daily online surveys across a two-week period. Daily measures included the Mood and Anxiety Symptom Questionnaire-Short Form to assess shared and disorder-specific symptoms of depression and anxiety (general distress, anhedonic depression, and anxious arousal), as well as self-reported total sleep time (TST), sleep-onset latency (SOL), and sleep quality (SQ).ResultsFindings supported bidirectional day-to-day relationships between sleep and affective symptoms. When women felt greater general distress (shared features of anxiety and depression), they experienced longer SOL and worse SQ at night. Specificity among depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbance was observed such that higher levels of depression-specific anhedonia presaged longer SOL, shorter TST, and poorer SQ. In the other direction, when women had poor-quality sleep, they later experienced greater anhedonic depression and anxious arousal. The influence of TST on anhedonia was complex such that a single night of short sleep led to less anhedonic depression the next day, whereas women who obtained shorter sleep across the two-week period reported greater anhedonia.ConclusionsReciprocal dynamics between nightly sleep disturbance and daily experiences of depression and anxiety may serve as a process by which insomnia, depression, and anxiety develop into comorbid clinical states over time in women. The associations of anhedonic depression with nightly sleep disturbance and chronic short sleep were especially toxic, offering insight into daily mechanisms driving the most prevalent phenotype of comorbid insomnia.     

急性脑血管病患者睡眠质量和相关因素分析

目的 研究急性脑血管病患者的睡眠质量和相关因素。方法 对急性脑血管病组和健康对照组进行匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（Pittsburgh sleep quality index,PSQI）量表测定,比较两组的各项分值差异;进一步对急性脑血管患者进行艾森克人格特征问卷（Eysenck personality questionaire,EPQ）和简易应对方式问卷调查,并与患者的PSQI进行相关分析。结果 急性脑血管病患者PSQI平均得分13.12±2.73分,PSQI>7分者126例（54.07%）。急性脑血管病组患者睡眠质量、入睡时间、睡眠时间、睡眠障碍、睡眠药物、日间功能和睡眠质量指数得分均明显高于对照组患者,差异有显著性（P均<0.001）。Logistic回归分析显示,增龄、左侧病变、前循环病变是影响急性脑血管病患者睡眠质量的独立危险因素,同时急性脑血管病患者的睡眠质量与患者个性特点和积极、消极应对分值具有相关性。结论 急性脑血管病患者睡眠障碍发生率较高,其睡眠质量受年龄、左右侧别、病变血管、个性特点和应对方式等多个因素的影响。     

Sleep duration does not mediate the association between screen time and adolescent depression and anxiety: findings from the 2018 National Survey of Children's Health

Objective/backgroundAdolescence is a crucial time period in which individuals are at high risk for depression and anxiety. Associations between screen time and adolescent depression and anxiety have been inconclusive. We examined 1) the associations of screen time with adolescent depression and anxiety and 2) whether sleep duration mediates these relationships.MethodsThis study utilized data from the 2018 US. National Survey of Children's Health, a large cross-sectional population representative dataset with parent/caregiver responses. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the associations between screen time and depression and anxiety in separate models. Path models were used to test the mediating role of sleep duration. Confounders, as sex, age, and sociodemographic variables were included in our adjusted models.ResultsData of 10,907 adolescents aged 13 to 17 were included in this study. The average screen time was 3.76 h daily. Compared to no screen time, adolescents who used over 4 h of screen time per day had higher odds of depression (OR = 2.23, 95% CI:1.27–3.91) and anxiety (OR = 1.85, 95% CI: 1.26–2.72). Sleep duration did not mediate the associations between screen time and depression and anxiety.ConclusionsFurther research is necessary to examine the associations of screen time content with depression and anxiety, as well as the effects of sleep quality in conjunction with sleep duration on the relationships of screen time and depression and anxiety.     

舍曲林联合坦度螺酮对脑卒中后抑郁患者的抑郁症状及认知功能的影响

目的 探讨舍曲林联合坦度螺酮对脑卒中后抑郁患者的抑郁情绪及认知功能的影响.方法 选择本院2017年11月～2019年11月收治的96例脑卒中后抑郁患者作为研究对象,随机分为采取舍曲林治疗的48例对照组和采取舍曲林联合坦度螺酮治疗的48例研究组.比较两组患者治疗前后汉密尔顿抑郁量表(Hamilton depression...