眼前节分析系统在有效晶状体位置及白内障术后屈光效果预测中的作用

目的　应用Sirius系统预测有效晶状体位置（ELP）,探讨影响ELP变化的因素及对术后屈光效果的影响。方法　对苏州大学附属第一医院行白内障手术的103例（103眼）白内障患者资料进行回顾性分析。用Sirius系统和LS900对患者进行眼部生物学参数测量,用Sirius计算预测晶状体位置（PLP）。术后3个月,用Sirius系统采集的Scheimpflug图像测量ELP。采用Pearson相关性分析和线性回归分析人工晶状体(IOL)实际位置与其他参数的关系。结果　按晶状体位置预测误差(LPPE)分组后,LPPE A组和LPPE B组患者的屈光误差(RE)差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),而绝对屈光误差(ARE)差异无统计学意义(P=0.716)。按年龄分组后,年龄A组、年龄B组、年龄C组患者LPPE整体比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.046);年龄C组与年龄A组患者的LPPE差异有统计学意义(P=0.014)。年龄A组、年龄B组、年龄C组患者术后RE和术后ARE整体比较差异均无统计学意义（均为P>0.05)。按照PLP分组后,PLP A组和 PLP B组患者的LPPE和术后RE差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05),而术后ARE差异无统计学意义（P=0.116）。按照前房深度(ACD)分组后,ACD A组和 ACD B组患者的LPPE、术后RE和术后ARE差异均无统计学意义（均为P>0.05)。按照眼轴长度(AL)分组后,短AL组、正常AL组和长AL组患者的LPPE、术后RE和术后ARE整体比较差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05);长AL组和正常AL组患者的LPPE、术后RE和术后ARE,以及长AL组和短AL组患者的术后RE和术后ARE差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。相关性分析结果显示,患者PLP与ELP(r=0.637,P<0.001)、ACD与ELP (r=0.526,P<0.001)、AL与ELP（r=0.505,P<0.001）、术前ACD+晶状体厚度(LT)/2 与ELP (r=0.659,P<0.001)均呈正相关。通过线性回归分析得到改良预测公式:ELP_术后=0.485×（ACD_术前+LT/2）+0.461×PLP。结论　年龄、PLP、AL、LT等因素对LPPE、术后RE均有影响。改良的回归公式为临床预测ELP和术后RE提供了理论依据。     

抛光前囊膜及赤道部在白内障超声乳化人工晶状体植入术中的应用

目的：探索抛光前囊膜及赤道部在白内障超声乳化人工晶状体植入术中的应用价值。

方法：选取我院2012-05/2015-01收治的白内障患者112例112眼为研究对象,在其知情同意下按是否抛光前囊膜及赤道部分为未抛光组及抛光组各56例56眼,术式均为白内障超声乳化摘除人工晶状体植入术,术后随访18mo,比较两组患者临床疗效。

结果：两组患者并发症发生率分别为7.1%和16.1%,抛光组并发症发生率更低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05); 抛光组术后各时段人工晶状体有效位置(effective lens position,ELP)、屈光状态、裸眼视力与未抛光组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。

结论：抛光前囊膜及赤道部可显著提高白内障超声乳化摘除人工晶状体植入术治疗效果。     

多焦点人工晶状体植入的研究进展

白内障是导致患者视力下降乃至失明的主要原因之一，手术是治疗白内障确切有效的手段。随着科学技术的进步，传统的复明性白内障手术逐渐过渡到屈光性白内障手术。各种屈光性人工晶状体也应运而生，传统的单焦点人工晶状体( single focus intraocular lens， SIOL)不再是患者的唯一选择，多焦点人工晶状体(multifocal intraocular lens， MIOL)越来越被患者接受和认可。本文对现有的多焦点人工晶状体进行了归纳总结，通过分类列举，简述不同类型多焦点人工晶状体的多种特点及评估患者术后临床效果的方法，以期为眼科医生提供参考。     

高度近视白内障患者人工晶状体计算公式的研究进展

高度近视合并白内障患者数量日益增长,复明性白内障手术逐渐向屈光性白内障手术转变,良好的术后视力是高度近视白内障患者术后的目标。由于眼轴长度测量误差、术后有效晶状体位置变化和人工晶状体(IOL)计算公式选择不当等因素,高度近视白内障术后屈光预测准确性欠佳,严重影响患者视觉质量和满意度。随着IOL计算公式的不断发展,SRK...     

白内障后囊破裂人工晶状体睫状沟固定与植入前房疗效比较

目的:比较睫状沟缝线固定人工晶状体术和前房人工晶状体植入术治疗白内障后囊破裂的疗效。方法:回顾性分析采用睫状沟缝线固定人工晶状体术、前房人工晶状体植入术治疗白内障后囊破裂45例45眼,比较两组手术的疗效。结果:睫状沟缝线固定人工晶状体术组和前房人工晶状体植入术组均能有效治疗白内障后囊破裂。但后者术后有2例6mo后出现虹膜睫状体炎及眼压升高,其余视力均改善。前者视力均改善,未见有明显的并发症。结论:睫状沟缝线固定人工晶状体术和前房人工晶状体植入术均能有效治疗白内障后囊破裂,改善视力,但前者更接近于生理位置,术后并发症更少。     

可调节型人工晶状体眼调节幅度的计算及其影响因素分析

目的①推导出计算可调节型人工晶状体(accom-modative intraocular lens,AIOL)植入术后眼的调节幅度(ac-commodative amplitude,AA)的数学公式。②探讨影响人工晶状体眼AA的相关因素,为研究AIOL植入手术的治疗效果提供理论依据。方法根据高斯近轴光线光学理论推导得出计算AIOL植入眼AA的理论计算公式,以人工晶状体(in-traocular lens,IOL)焦点的移动量(effective intraocular lensposition,ΔELP)、眼轴长(axial length,AL)、角膜屈光力(corneal power,K)、IOL的有效位置(effective lens position,ELP)、植入IOL的屈光力(power of the implanted IOL,IOLImp)计算AA,分别建立AA与ΔELP、AL、K、ELP、IOLImp的函数关系,分析以上各参数对AA的影响。结果①人工晶状体眼AA受ΔELP、AL、K、ELP、IOLImp的影响(AL=23.65mm、K=43.8D、ELP=5.8mm),屈光状态为正视、ΔELP...     

人工晶状体光学部囊膜后嵌顿术治疗学龄期儿童外伤性白内障术后无晶状体眼

目的 评价人工晶状体(IOL)睫状沟植入、光学部囊膜后嵌顿治疗学龄期儿童外伤性白内障术后无晶状体眼的临床效果.方法 回顾性系列病例研究.对13例(13只眼)外伤性白内障术后无晶状体眼行IOL睫状沟植入、光学部囊膜后嵌顿术患儿的临床资料进行回顾性分析,记录术前及术后的裸眼视力、最佳矫正视力、屈光度数和眼压.观察手术并发症和术后眼部情况,随访时间为6～42个月.结果 IOL睫状沟植入、光学部囊膜后嵌顿术中共13只眼囊膜后嵌顿成功;术后最佳矫正视力0.2～1.0,嵌顿成功患儿随访期间均未出现视轴区混浊,IOL位置稳定;主要并发症包括前房渗出物、虹膜后粘连、IOL表面沉积物,仅1例患儿出现IOL襻异位.结论 IOL睫状沟植入、囊膜后嵌顿治疗学龄期儿童外伤性白内障术后无晶状体眼安全有效.

Abstract：

Objective To assess the clinical effects of supracapsular implantation with optic capture of the posterior chamber intraocular lens in school-age children with traumatic cataract. Method It was a retrospective case series study. Thirteen cases ( 13 eyes) received posterior curvilinear capsulorhexis with optic capture of the posterior chamber intraocular lens. Pre- and post-operative visual acuities were recorded.Intra-o and post-operative complications were observed. The follow-up period ranged from 6 to 42 months.Results Implantation of optic capture of the posterior chamber intraocular lens was successfully performed in 13 eyes. The best-corrected-visual acuity ranged from 0.2 to 1.0. No optic axis opaque was found in 10 eyes with optic capture. The major complications of optic capture were lenticular precipitates and posterior synechia of the iris. Intraocular dislocation was found in one case two weeks after the operation.Conclusions Supracapsular implantation with optic capture of the posterior chamber intraocular lens is safe and effective for the treatment of traumatic cataract in school-age children.     

针拨术后小切口白内障摘除人工晶状体睫状沟悬吊术

目的:探讨在针拨白内障术后应用小切口白内障摘除联合人工晶状体睫状沟悬吊固定手术的有效性和安全性。方法:对20例(21眼)针拨白内障术后患者进行白内障取出人工晶状体睫状沟悬吊固定术。随访3～12mo,观察术后视力、眼压、术中术后并发症及术后人工晶状体的位置。结果:术后第1d裸眼视力:0.4～0.5者7眼,0.6～0.8者14眼。术后7d进行显然验光,平均为(-0.87±0.43)D,与手术前设计保留(-0.50～-1.00)D接近。术后3mo平均度数为(-0.68±0.33)D。手术后7d眼压平均为17.11±3.13mmHg,术后3mo平均眼压为14.17±2.03mmHg。手术中入、出针时,发生少量出血2眼;术后角膜切口周围轻度水肿5眼,3～5d基本消退。结膜下出血4例,5～7d后自行吸收。随访观察3～12mo,21眼手术后人工晶状体位置均保持良好的居中性。未发现角膜内皮功能失代偿、青光眼、视网膜脱离等情况。结论:针拨白内障术后应用小切口白内障摘除联合人工晶状体睫状沟悬吊固定手术是安全、有效的。     

晶状体囊膜抛光联合囊袋内注射透明质酸酶预防兔晶状体后囊膜混浊的实验研究

晶状体后囊膜混浊(posterior capsule opacification，PCO)是白内障摘除术后最常见也是严重影响视力的并发症之一，主要是由术后残留的晶状体上皮细胞(lens epithelial cells，LECs)增殖、移行、化生以及术后炎性反应引起。我们采用晶状体囊袋内注射透明质酸酶(hyaluronidme，HS)联合囊膜抛光的方法，在44只兔眼的研究中证实它能有效降低PCO的发生，而且眼内应用安全，现报告如下。     

人工晶状体前膜形成与晶状体襻固定位置的关系

目的 探讨人工晶状体前膜形成与晶状体支撑襻固定位置之间的关系。方法 对45例45只眼老年性白内障行白内障出及人工晶体植入术后人工晶状体前膜形成进行回顾性分析术中人工晶状体襻固定的位置。结果 人工晶状体襻固定于囊袋内1只眼；不对称囊袋和睫状体沟内固定26只眼；18只眼为完全睫状体沟内固定。结论 人工晶状体襻不完全睫状体沟内固定是前膜形成的因素之一，而囊袋内固定人工晶状体则可减少人工晶状体前膜的形成。     

儿童人工晶状体屈光力的计算

选择准确合适的人工晶状体是儿童白内障手术的关键,儿童人工晶状体屈光力的计算存在较大的预测误差,这是由测量误差和人工晶状体计算公式误差造成的,所以恰当地选择各类测量仪器和人工晶状体计算公式很重要.Holladay 2公式对短眼轴患儿计算人工晶状体数值更准确.应用该公式时,需要测量7个参数,即角膜白到白直径、晶状体厚度、眼轴长、角膜屈光力、术前前房深度、术前屈光状态及年龄.该公式一定程度上实现了人工晶状体屈光度数计算的个性化,但所需参数多,对患儿配合要求高.另外,随着年龄的增长以及眼球的发育成熟儿童眼睛屈光度仍会改变,所以我们还应选择正确的术后屈光目标.     

人工晶状体屈光度计算公式中有效晶状体位置的预测及其影响因素

The prediction method of effective lens position (ELP) in different intraocular lens (IOL) calculation formulas (such as Holladay, SRK/T, Haigis, Hoffer Q, Olsen, Barrett Universal I formula, etc.) is different, and its accuracy is also different. In addition, ELP is a dynamic process after cataract surgery, which is affected by many factors, such as the material and shape of IOL, the shape and size of capsulorhexis, the method of capsulorhexis, the condition of the patient and so on.(Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2021, 45: 409-414)     

Error induced by the estimation of the corneal power and the effective lens position with a rotationally asymmetric refractive multifocal intraocular lens

AIM:To evaluate the prediction error in intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation for a rotationally asymmetric refractive multifocal IOL and the impact on this error of the optimization of the keratometric estimation of the corneal power and the prediction of the effective lens position (ELP).METHODS:Retrospective study including a total of 25 eyes of 13 patients (age, 50 to 83y) with previous cataract surgery with implantation of the Lentis Mplus LS-312 IOL (Oculentis GmbH, Germany). In all cases, an adjusted IOL power (PIOLadj) was calculated based on Gaussian optics using a variable keratometric index value (nkadj) for the estimation of the corneal power (Pkadj) and on a new value for ELP (ELPadj) obtained by multiple regression analysis. This PIOLadj was compared with the IOL power implanted (PIOLReal) and the value proposed by three conventional formulas (Haigis, Hoffer Q and Holladay Ⅰ).RESULTS:PIOLReal was not significantly different than PIOLadj and Holladay IOL power (P>0.05). In the Bland and Altman analysis, PIOLadj showed lower mean difference (-0.07 D) and limits of agreement (of 1.47 and -1.61 D) when compared to PIOLReal than the IOL power value obtained with the Holladay formula. Furthermore, ELPadj was significantly lower than ELP calculated with other conventional formulas (P<0.01) and was found to be dependent on axial length, anterior chamber depth and Pkadj.CONCLUSION:Refractive outcomes after cataract surgery with implantation of the multifocal IOL Lentis Mplus LS-312 can be optimized by minimizing the keratometric error and by estimating ELP using a mathematical expression dependent on anatomical factors.     

Toric人工晶状体矫正角膜散光的效果评价

目的评价Toric人工晶状体（IOL）矫正角膜散光的效果及在囊袋内的稳定性。方法收集确诊为年龄相关性白内障并伴有角膜规则散光的患者32例（35眼）,采用白内障超声乳化法植入ToricIOL。观察术前、术后裸眼视力（UCVA）及最佳矫正视力（BCVA）、术前角膜散光、预计残余散光、术后残余散光、IOL旋转度,并进行分析。结果术后3个月92%患眼UCVA≥0.5,78%患眼UCVA≥0.8,BCVA≥0.8者达96%。术前角膜散光平均为（1.500±0.405）D,术后3个月残余散光为（0.200±0.179）D。3个月时与术后第1d轴位相比较,IOL旋转平均为（2.132±1.853）°。结论ToricIOL可使患者获得更好的裸眼远视力,减少了患者的残余散光,预测性强,具有良好的旋转稳定性,是一种有效的矫正角膜规则散光的治疗方法。     

Choice of intraocular lens may not affect refractive stability following cataract surgery

PURPOSE: To assess whether the choice of an intraocular lens (IOL) with rigid haptics (Sensar) or an IOL with pliable haptics (Acrysof) has an effect on refractive stability following cataract surgery. METHODS: Seventy-three patients were recruited consecutively as they returned for their 6-month visit following cataract surgery. There were 37 patients who had received an Acrysof IOL and 36 who had received a Sensar IOL. Each patient had their refractive error measured at the 1-month postoperative visit. At the 6-month follow-up visit, refraction was repeated. The change in refractive error was then compared between IOL groups and other factors that may affect postoperative refractive stability including preoperative refraction, axial length, keratometry, wound type and wound meridian. RESULTS: An Acrysof IOL showed minimal myopic movement, whereas a Sensar IOL was more likely to move hypermetropically. However, this difference was not statistically significant (t=1.92; P=0.06). The magnitude of the shift in spherical equivalent in either direction for the Acrysof group was 0.37 +/- 0.35 D and for the Sensar group was 0.28 +/- 0.31 D. Again, this difference was not statistically significant (t=1.17; P=0.25). However, preoperative anterior chamber depth was associated with postoperative refractive shift (t=2.66; P=0.009). Furthermore, patients with a scleral wound showed a small against-the-rule shift in cylindrical refractive error. No other factors were associated with postoperative refractive shift amongst the sample. CONCLUSIONS: There were no clinically significant differences in postoperative refractive stability between the Acrysof and Sensar groups. However, preoperative anterior chamber depth was associated with the magnitude of shift in spherical equivalent.     

小切口白内障手术治疗闭角型青光眼探讨

目的 探讨小切口白内障手术治疗急性闭角型青光眼的疗效.方法 回顾性分析合并有白内障的首发急性闭角型青光眼,且前房角关闭粘连范围小于180°者36例(36只跟),单纯行小切口白内障手术联合后房型人工晶状体植入术,观察分析术前和术后眼压、前房深度、前房角及矫正视力的变化,术后随访1～12月.结果 术后1周,36只眼眼压全部控制在20mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa)以下,前房深度明显增加,前房角增宽,34只眼最佳矫正视力均有不同程度的提高,2只眼无变化.术中术后无严重手术并发症.随访35只眼,同术后1周相比,眼压全部无明显变化,1只眼视力因眼底出血而下降.术前术后眼压,前房深度及视力差异有统计学意义.结论 小切口白内障手术联合后房型人工晶状体植入术治疗合并有白内障,且前房角关闭粘连范围小于180°的首发急性闭角型青光眼,方法简单,经济,效果良好.     

青光眼患者白内障手术人工晶状体计算公式的选择

青光眼与白内障是导致失明的主要原因,手术是重要的治疗方式。青光眼患者具有高眼压、浅前房及短眼轴等临床特征,小梁切除术等抗青光眼术后眼部结构常发生改变。这些变化也导致了抗青光眼术后行白内障手术或青白联合手术与单纯白内障手术在人工晶状体(intraocular lens, IOL)屈光度计算准确性方面存在差异。同时青光眼患者自身的临床特征与抗青光眼手术造成的结构改变对于IOL屈光度预测准确性、屈光漂移的类型等方面的影响也表现出差异。本文就青光眼或抗青光眼术后患者行白内障手术或青白联合手术时屈光误差(refractive error, RE)产生的原因、屈光漂移特征及选择最合适IOL计算公式的最新研究进展进行综述。     

高度近视白内障患者人工晶状体屈光度测算公式的研究进展

高度近视白内障患者手术中人工晶状体(IOL)屈光度数预测与常规白内障相比其精确度欠佳,如何做到精确的生物学测量和正确使用人工晶状体计算公式尤为重要.本文分析了近年在高度近视白内障手术术后屈光预测偏差大的原因,以及公式中常数的应用和眼轴长度调节方法,对比了使用晶状体屈光度预测计算公式(Holladay 1,SRK/T,Hoffer Q和Haigis)和第四代晶状体公式的术后屈光结果的异同,为临床使用提供一定的参考.     

Biometry and formula accuracy with intraocular lenses used for cataract surgery in extreme hyperopia

PURPOSE: To audit intraocular lens (IOL) power predictions for cataract surgery in extreme hyperopia and to compare the accuracy across different biometry formulae and IOL types. DESIGN: A retrospective analysis of 76 eyes from 56 patients undergoing cataract surgery with IOLs ranging in power from 30 to 35 diopters (D). METHODS: Axial lengths, corneal powers and anterior chamber depths were measured with ultrasound or optical methods, and the IOLMaster (Carl Zeiss Meditech, Inc, Dublin, California, USA) software was used to predict the refractive outcome for each IOL used. Differences between the predicted and actual postoperative refraction were then analyzed for each formula. RESULTS: In practice, 55% of patients were within +/-1.0 D of the refraction predicted by their surgeon. In theory, the Haigis formula would have given the smallest mean refractive error (+0.51 +/- 0.12 D), followed by the Hoffer Q (-0.70 +/- 0.14 D), Holladay 1 (-1.11 +/- 0.13 D), and SRK/T formulae (-1.45 +/- 0.14 D). The Haigis formula overpredicted the lens power required, which would have generated a myopic result. The other formulae underpredicted the lens power required and would have generated a hyperopic result. There was a significant difference between lens designs: the Haigis was more accurate for open-loop, whereas the Hoffer Q was more accurate for plate-haptic lenses. The anterior chamber depth measurement could also be used to predict changes in intraocular pressure after surgery. CONCLUSION: This represents the largest published series to date of biometry predictions for cataract surgery in extreme hyperopia and confirms the Haigis formula to be the most accurate. A consistent difference between open-loop and plate-haptic lenses suggests that haptic design may influence the effective lens position in very small eyes. We further propose a simple formula to optimize the Haigis and Hoffer Q formulae in patients with extreme hyperopia.