中高危DTC患者术后较高剂量131I治疗后疗效反应的影响因素分析

目的 探讨无转移的中高危分化型甲状腺癌（DTC）患者术后给予较高剂量131I治疗的疗效及其影响因素。 方法 回顾性分析2018年1月至2020年12月于山西医科大学第一医院行DTC全切术后的378例中高危DTC患者的临床资料,其中男性103例、女性275例,中位年龄45（13~85）岁。所有患者均在术后给予首次131I清甲和（或）辅助治疗,剂量3.70~5.55 GBq。同时131I治疗前行术后残留甲状腺99TcmO₄?显像,治疗后2~7 d行131I治疗后全身显像（Rx-WBS）。所有患者在131I治疗后至少6个月进行随访,中位随访时间16.3个月。依据2015年美国甲状腺协会（ATA）指南的疗效反应评估体系进行术后131I治疗疗效反应评估并分析影响因素。采用Spearman秩相关分析评估术后残留甲状腺99TcmO₄?显像靶/非靶比值(T/NT)与Rx-WBS评分的相关性;采用Mann-Whitney U检验、χ2检验或Fisher确切概率法分析所有观察指标在疗效满意（ER）组与疗效欠佳（nER）组间的差异是否有统计学意义;采用Logistic回归分析影响预后ER的独立危险因素,并绘制ROC曲线,获得最佳诊断临界值。 结果 ER组与nER组间在肿瘤最大径、术后刺激性甲状腺球蛋白（psTg）水平、N分期、术后与首次131I治疗间隔时间的差异均有统计学意义（Z=?7.127、?2.702,Fisher确切概率法, χ2=6.783,均P<0.05）;年龄、性别、被膜受累、肿瘤多灶性、T分期、复发风险分层、首次131I治疗剂量、TSH水平、尿碘水平、甲状腺99TcmO₄?显像半定量指标T/NT、131I Rx-WBS评分的差异均无统计学意义（Z=?1.505~?0.664, χ2=0.064~5.501,Fisher确切概率法,均P>0.05）。Spearman 秩相关检验分析结果显示,99TcmO₄?显像T/NT与Rx-WBS显像评分呈中度相关(r=0.530,P<0.001)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,psTg水平是预后ER的独立危险因素。ROC曲线分析结果显示,psTg水平预测ER的最佳临界值为5.90 ng/ml、灵敏度为83.76%、特异度为59.81%。 结论 给予较高剂量131I治疗的中高危DTC患者,不论甲状腺99TcmO₄?显像提示残留甲状腺多少均可以得到同样的ER比率;且术后2个月内行首次131I治疗,可能获得更好的治疗疗效。另外,psTg是预测无转移中高危DTC患者临床ER的独立危险因素。     

分化型甲状腺癌骨转移诊断及疗效评价的核素显像研究进展

分化型甲状腺癌（DTC）骨转移的诊断及疗效评价的核素显像方法较多,放射性核素显像在恶性肿瘤骨转移中的临床应用比较广泛,在DTC骨转移中主要用于骨转移的诊断、术后随访及疗效评价。放射性核素显像目前主要包括SPECT显像和PET显像,前者包括131I显像、99Tcm-MDP显像等,后者包括124I显像、18F-FDG显像、18F-NaF显像等。笔者将放射性核素显像方法在DTC骨转移中的诊断及治疗进展进行综述。     

131I全身显像及血清甲状腺球蛋白测定在分化型甲状腺癌治疗随访中的作用

目的 评价131I全身显像联合血清甲状腺球蛋白(Tg)测定在分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)131I治疗随访中的临床应用价值。 方法 153例经手术病理确诊为DTC的患者,均在术后接受了1次以上的131I治疗,每次剂量为1.85~9.25 GBq,131I治疗前测定血清Tg,治疗5 d后进行131I全身显像。 结果 153例行131I治疗的DTC患者共行血清Tg和131I全身显像检查各为262次,其中55.6%(85/153)的患者的血清Tg水平与131I全身显像均异常,13.7%(21/153)的患者两者均为正常,30.7%(47/153)的患者两者结果不一致,不一致的47例患者经其他影像学检查证实19例131I全身显像异常的患者中有13例异常,28例血清Tg异常的患者中有25例异常。血清Tg诊断DTC转移的灵敏度和特异度分别为89%(110/123)和90%(27/30),而131I全身显像的灵敏度和特异度分别为79.6%(98/123)和80%(24/30)。 结论 DTC手术及131I治疗后,常规进行血清Tg测定和131I全身显像检查,对术后判定复发转移灶及制定最佳131I诊疗计划、评价131I疗效具有重要的临床应用价值。     

诊断量与治疗量^131I全身显像检测分化型甲状腺癌术后病灶的比较

^131I治疗分化型甲状腺癌（DTC）前小剂量的诊断性^131I全身显像（WBS）可以判定残留甲状腺组织情况和有无功能性转移灶,治疗后1周左右应再进行WBS,可观察病灶对药物的吸收情况。笔者回顾分析了33例DTC术后行^131I治疗的患者,比较其诊断性和治疗量^131I WBS病灶的变化情况,现报道如下。     

治疗活度131I SPECT/CT显像对分化型甲状腺癌患者诊断增益价值的研究

目的 探讨治疗活度131I SPECT/CT显像对分化型甲状腺癌（DTC）患者的诊断增益价值和其对临床诊疗决策的影响。 方法 回顾性分析2017年1月至2020年5月于四川大学华西医院接受131I治疗的404例DTC患者的临床资料,其中男性89例、女性315例,年龄21~69（46.3 ± 5.9）岁。所有患者均首次行131I治疗,剂量为1.11~9.25 GBq,治疗后第5天行全身前、后位131I平面显像,同时对其探测到的摄碘灶加做SPECT/CT显像,单独依据131I平面显像和SPECT/CT显像将摄碘灶定性为残甲、颈部淋巴结转移、远处转移和不确定性病灶。依据CT的解剖定位信息,计算SPECT/CT显像对131I平面显像显示的摄碘灶的原始诊断的修正比例,从而评估SPECT/CT显像对DTC患者临床诊疗决策的影响。131I平面显像与SPECT/CT显像之间的分布差异采用McNemar和McNemar-Bowker检验进行评估。 结果 404例DTC患者的131I平面显像共检测出927个摄碘灶。SPECT/CT显像对131I平面显像显示的927个摄碘灶中的179个摄碘灶具有诊断增益价值,准确解释了131I平面显像不能定性的118个摄碘灶。SPECT/CT显像对11.9%（48/404）的DTC患者具有诊断增益价值,1.7%（7/404）患者的诊疗决策发生了改变。131I平面显像与SPECT/CT显像结果在摄碘灶定性诊断中的差异有统计学意义（χ2=101.69,P<0.001）,SPECT/CT显像对颈部淋巴结转移灶的显示明显优于131I平面显像（McNemar检验,P<0.05）。 结论 治疗活度131I SPECT/CT显像对DTC患者具有诊断增益价值,并对其临床诊疗决策具有积极意义。      

从病因学角度分析分化型甲状腺癌患者131I全身显像假阳性的原因

131I全身显像可为分化型甲状腺癌（DTC）患者转移或复发的诊疗方案提供主要依据,是目前临床不可或缺的辅助诊疗方法。然而,由于多种生理或病理原因,可能会导致131I全身显像假阳性,这对正确解读131I全身显像、判断是否存在复发和转移造成了较大困难。因此,了解造成131I全身显像假阳性的原因对DTC患者的正确诊治具有非常重要的价值。笔者从病因学的角度对DTC患者131I全身显像假阳性的原因进行综述。     

^131I治疗分化型甲状腺癌骨转移的疗效评价和生存分析

目的评价^131I治疗DTC骨转移的疗效及影响因素,评估生存率及其影响因素。方法回顾分析经^131I治疗的106例DTC骨转移患者的临床资料,分别基于^131I治疗后血清Tg的变化、骨痛缓解情况和影像学变化评价^131I治疗疗效,并对影响^131I疗效的因素进行单因素分析;采用寿命表法评估DTC骨转移患者的^131I治疗后总生存率;采用Kaplan—Meier法对影响生存率的因素进行分析,应用Log-rank法比较各组间差异。结果经^131I治疗后血Tg显著下降者37例,有效率34．9％。骨转移伴疼痛的61例DTC经^131I治疗后疼痛明显缓解者39例,有效率63．9％。患者年龄、病理类型、是否合并其他非骨性远端转移等因素对^131I治疗后血Tg的变化有影响（x2=6．443,11．455和6．756,P均〈0．05）,但对^131I治疗后骨痛缓解的影响无统计学意义（x2=0,0,0．060,P均〉0．05）。^131I治疗后77．4％的患者骨转移灶无明显影像学变化。该组DTC骨转移患者5年和10年生存率分别为86．47％和57．90％;骨转移灶数目、是否合并其他远端脏器转移、^131I治疗前是否行手术治疗对患者的10年生存率影响差异有统计学意义（Log-rank值为4．05,5．98和4．22,P均〈0．05）;患者的性别、年龄、病理类型、是否以骨转移症状首诊等因素对10年生存率无明显影响（Log—rank值为0．01,1．56,2．59和0．04,P均〉0．05）。结论^131I治疗可使DTC骨转移患者血清Tg下降、骨痛缓解、病灶保持稳定或缩小,是治疗DTC骨转移的有效手段;单发病灶、单纯骨转移、手术＋^131I治疗患者预后较好。     

细针穿刺、超声及甲状腺球蛋白对分化型甲状腺癌清甲后颈部肿大淋巴结诊断价值的比较

目的 探讨DTC手术和131I治疗后细针穿刺细胞学（FNAC）检查对颈部肿大淋巴结定性诊断的价值,并与超声、Tg和TgAb检测作比较.方法 61例经手术和131I清除残余甲状腺组织（简称清甲）治疗后的DTC患者,经体格检查或超声检查发现颈部淋巴结肿大,随后1周内对可疑淋巴结行超声引导下FNAC检查,并将检查结果与同期超声、Tg和TgAb结果进行对比.最终诊断根据病理、治疗后131I全身显像（Rx-WBS）及临床随访作出.3种检查方法间诊断效能的比较采用x2检验和Fisher确切概率法.结果 61例患者中,共58例患者获FNAC诊断,3例不能定性,经综合评判,淋巴结恶性40例,良性18例.39例经FNAC检查确诊为恶性者中20例经手术切除,19例行131I清除转移灶治疗;FNAC与术后病理诊断符合率为100％ （20/20）,与Rx-WBS的符合率为78.9％（15/19）;19例经FNAC检查确诊为良性淋巴结者中15例持续随访3～6个月,余4例行131I治疗;FNAC与随访结果符合率为93.3％（14/15）,与Rx-WBS均符合（4/4）.FNAC检查、超声、Tg和TgAb检测诊断DTC转移淋巴结良恶性的灵敏度分别为97.5％ （39/40）、87.5％（35/40）、92.5％ （37/40）,特异性分别为100％（18/18）、55.6％ （10/18）、72.2％ （13/18）,准确性分别为98.3％（57/58）、77.6％（45/58）、86.2％（50/58）;FNAC检查的准确性明显高于超声、Tg和TgAb（x2=4.336和11.697,均P＜0.05）,而超声与Tg和TgAb检测之间准确性的比较差异无统计学意义（X2=1.450,P〉0.05）.超声与TS和TgAb检测结果一致者39例,与FNAC检查的符合率为97.4％ （38/39）;超声与Tg和TgAb检测结果不一致者19例,经FNAC检查证实4例为恶性,15例为良性.结论 对DTC患者颈部肿大淋巴结的良恶性诊断,FNAC检查明显优于超声与Tg和TgAb检测.当随访中超声与Tg和TgAb结果不一致,可作为FNAC检查的应用指征.     

131I SPECT/CT在分化型甲状腺癌术后淋巴结转移中应用价值的研究进展

分化型甲状腺癌（DTC）是最常见的内分泌系统恶性肿瘤,早期易发生淋巴结转移。131I全身显像联合SPECT/CT（简称131I SPECT/CT）常可发现残留和（或）漏诊的淋巴结转移灶,可能会改变患者的术后再分期及危险度分层,从而影响后续的手术或131I治疗的方式选择。131I治疗是DTC术后颈部淋巴结转移的有效治疗方法之一,而131I SPECT/CT可以诊断淋巴结转移灶。笔者对131I SPECT/CT在DTC术后淋巴结转移的诊断及治疗中的应用价值进行综述。     

分化型甲状腺癌胸部131I显像假阳性分析

分化型甲状腺癌（DTC）131I-全身显像（WBS）时除在功能性甲状腺组织显影外,非甲状腺组织假阳性病变也常有不同程度131I摄取而显影。笔者就DTC患者胸部131I显像假阳性的原因及其机制进行分析,以期为临床DTC患者的诊疗提供必要帮助。     

The role of technetium-99m methoxyisobutylisonitrile scintigraphy in the planning of therapy and follow-up of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma after surgery

The aim of this study was to investigate the possible role of technetium-99m methoxyisobutylisonitrile (MIBI) scan in planning post-surgical therapy and follow-up in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). Four groups of DTC patients were considered: Group 1 comprised 122 patients with high serum thyroglobulin (s-Tg) levels and negative high-dose iodine-131 scan during follow-up who had previously undergone total thyroidectomy and 131I treatment. Group 2 consisted of 27 patients who had previously undergone total thyroidectomy and 131I treatment but were now considered disease-free; this group was considered as controls. Group 3 comprised 49 patients studied after total thyroidectomy but prior to 131I scan. Finally, group 4 consisted of 21 patients who had previously undergone partial thyroidectomy alone. MIBI scan, neck ultrasonography (US), and s-Tg measurements during suppressive hormonal therapy (SHT) were obtained in all patients. Neck and chest computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was also performed in group 1 patients. In group 1, MIBI scan and US were very sensitive in detecting cervical lymph node metastases (93.54% and 89.24%, respectively). Furthermore, MIBI scan and US played a complementary role in several patients, yielding a global sensitivity of 97.84%. In contrast, CT/MRI sensitivity for cervical lymph node metastases was very low (43.01%). MIBI scan also showed a higher sensitivity than CT/MRI in detecting mediastinal lymph node metastases (100% vs 57.89%). Regarding distant metastases, MIBI scan provided results similar to those of conventional imaging (CT, MRI, 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate bone scan). In group 2, no false-positive cases were observed with MIBI scan (100% specificity). In group 3, MIBI scan correctly identified all the 131I-positive metastatic foci, except in two patients with micronodular pulmonary metastases that were visualised with 131I scan. In contrast, both MIBI scan and US showed low sensitivity (46.15% and 61.53%, respectively) compared with 131I scan in detecting thyroid remnants. s-Tg was increased in all patients with distant metastases but only in 56% of those with lymph node metastases. Furthermore, s-Tg was increased in 21.42% of patients with thyroid remnants alone (false-positive results). In group 4, MIBI scan was the only examination capable of detecting at an early stage a mediastinal lymph node metastasis in one patient. We conclude that the integrated MIBI scan/neck US protocol: (a) can be proposed as a first-line diagnostic procedure in the follow-up of DTC patients with high s-Tg levels and negative high-dose 131I scan, and (b) may be helpful in the follow-up of DTC patients who undergo partial thyroidectomy alone. Moreover, the combined MIBI scan/neck US/s-Tg protocol appears to be highly sensitive in identifying patients with metastatic disease after total thyroidectomy and prior to 1311 scan; consequently, it may play a prognostic role in distinguishing high-risk from low-risk DTC patients. However, due to the low sensitivity of MIBI scan and neck US in detecting thyroid remnants, this diagnostic approach cannot be used as a predictor of 131I scan results. Lastly, because of the high sensitivity of MIBI scan and neck US in revealing both functioning and non-functioning metastases, this integrated protocol might be helpful in the follow-up of high-risk DTC patients, particularly for the early detection of lymph node metastases in patients with undetectable s-Tg during SHT.     

The role of technetium-99m methoxyisobutylisonitrile scintigraphy in the planning of therapy and follow-up of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma after surgery

The aim of this study was to investigate the possible role of technetium-99m methoxyisobutylisonitrile (MIBI) scan in planning post-surgical therapy and follow-up in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). Four groups of DTC patients were considered: Group 1 comprised 122 patients with high serum thyroglobulin (s-Tg) levels and negative high-dose iodine-131 scan during follow-up who had previously undergone total thyroidectomy and ¹³¹I treatment. Group 2 consisted of 27 patients who had previously undergone total thyroidectomy and ¹³¹I treatment but were now considered disease-free; this group was considered as controls. Group 3 comprised 49 patients studied after total thyroidectomy but prior to ¹³¹I scan. Finally, group 4 consisted of 21 patients who had previously undergone partial thyroidectomy alone. MIBI scan, neck ultrasonography (US), and s-Tg measurements during suppressive hormonal therapy (SHT) were obtained in all patients. Neck and chest computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was also performed in group 1 patients. In group 1, MIBI scan and US were very sensitive in detecting cervical lymph node metastases (93.54% and 89.24%, respectively). Furthermore, MIBI scan and US played a complementary role in several patients, yielding a global sensitivity of 97.84%. In contrast, CT/MRI sensitivity for cervical lymph node metastases was very low (43.01%). MIBI scan also showed a higher sensitivity than CT/MRI in detecting mediastinal lymph node metastases (100% vs 57.89%). Regarding distant metastases, MIBI scan provided results similar to those of conventional imaging (CT, MRI, ^99mTc-methylene diphosphonate bone scan). In group 2, no false-positive cases were observed with MIBI scan (100% specificity). In group 3, MIBI scan correctly identified all the ¹³¹I-positive metastatic foci, except in two patients with micronodular pulmonary metastases that were visualised with ¹³¹I scan. In contrast, both MIBI scan and US showed low sensitivity (46.15% and 61.53%, respectively) compared with ¹³¹I scan in detecting thyroid remnants. s-Tg was increased in all patients with distant metastases but only in 56% of those with lymph node metastases. Furthermore, s-Tg was increased in 21.42% of patients with thyroid remnants alone (false-positive results). In group 4, MIBI scan was the only examination capable of detecting at an early stage a mediastinal lymph node metastasis in one patient. We conclude that the integrated MIBI scan/neck US protocol: (a) can be proposed as a first-line diagnostic procedure in the follow-up of DTC patients with high s-Tg levels and negative high-dose ¹³¹I scan, and (b) may be helpful in the follow-up of DTC patients who undergo partial thyroidectomy alone. Moreover, the combined MIBI scan/neck US/s-Tg protocol appears to be highly sensitive in identifying patients with metastatic disease after total thyroidectomy and prior to ¹³¹I scan; consequently, it may play a prognostic role in distinguishing high-risk from low-risk DTC patients. However, due to the low sensitivity of MIBI scan and neck US in detecting thyroid remnants, this diagnostic approach cannot be used as a predictor of ¹³¹I scan results. Lastly, because of the high sensitivity of MIBI scan and neck US in revealing both functioning and non-functioning metastases, this integrated protocol might be helpful in the follow-up of high-risk DTC patients, particularly for the early detection of lymph node metastases in patients with undetectable s-Tg during SHT. Received 21 October and in revised form 20 December 1999     

Combined PET/CT in the follow-up of differentiated thyroid carcinoma: what is the impact of each modality?

Purpose ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) is a well-established method in the follow-up of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC), elevated thyroglobulin (Tg) and negative ¹³¹I scans. This retrospective clinical study was designed to evaluate the impact of computed tomography (CT) and that of FDG-PET in combined FDG-PET/CT examinations on the restaging of DTC patients. Methods Forty-seven FDG-PET/CT scans of 33 patients with a history of DTC, elevated Tg levels and negative ¹³¹I uptake or additionally suspected ¹³¹I-negative lesions were studied. PET and CT images were analysed independently by an experienced nuclear medicine specialist and a radiologist. Afterwards a final consensus interpretation, the gold standard in our department, was provided for the fused PET/CT images and, if available, for supplementary investigations. Results Thirty-five investigations (74%) revealed pathological FDG-PET/CT findings. In summary, 25 local recurrences, 62 lymph node metastases and 122 organ metastases (41 lung, 60 bone, 21 other organs) were diagnosed. In 36 out of 47 examinations (77%), the original PET diagnoses were modified in the final consensus interpretation owing to the CT assessments. In 8 of the 35 pathological FDG-PET/CT examinations (23%), the final consensus interpretation of the PET/CT images led to an alteration in the treatment plan. Conclusion PET/CT is a powerful fusion of two pre-existing imaging modalities, which not only improves the diagnostic value in restaging DTC patients with elevated Tg and negative ¹³¹I scan, but also provides accurate information regarding subsequent treatment options and may lead to a change in treatment management.     

Usefulness of technetium-99m hydroxymethylene diphosphonate scans in localizing bone metastases of differentiated thyroid carcinoma

Iodine-131 is uniquely able to demonstrate iodine uptake of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC), but precise localization may be difficult, especially in the thorax, due to the quality of image resolution with 1311 and the lack of anatomical landmarks. When bone metastases do not show radioiodine uptake, bone scintigraphy can be used to detect them. We studied two groups of patients. In group 1, 15 patients with known bone metastases of DTC were treated with 3.7 GBq ¹³¹I. After 4 or 5 days, technetium-99m hydroxymethylene diphosphonate (HMDP; 740 MBq) was injected and a whole-body scan with simultaneous acquisition of ¹³¹I and ^99mTc-HMDP images was carried out using a large field of view gamma camera fitted with a high-energy collimator. Technetium uptake was abnormal in 47 of 63 localizations, being increased in 29 foci, decreased in 7 and heterogeneous in 11. The superimposition of ¹³¹I and ^99mTc-HMDP scans permitted an accurate localization in 80% of spine metastases and in 46% of osseous thoracic localizations, even in the presence of lung metastases. In group 2, 9 patients, who had bone pain, neurological signs or elevated serum thyroglobulin, had DTC bone metastases without iodine uptake. They received a diagnostic dose of ^99mTc-HMDP 3h prior to scintigraphy with a large field of view gamma camera fitted with a low-energy collimator. Technetium uptake was abnormal in 37 of 38 localizations, being increased in 34 foci and decreased in 3. One false-negative was found in a skull metastasis. In both groups of patients, ^99mTc-HMDP scans were useful. The procedure allows accurate localization of bone metastases and can be used as a guide for subsequent radiological investigations.     

分化型甲状腺癌肺转移灶早期显影与^131I疗效关系分析

目的探讨DTC肺转移患者首次应用^131I清除甲状腺组织（简称清甲）时肺转移灶显像与^131I治疗效果的关系,及影响肺转移灶早期显影的因素。方法回顾分析1997至2009年41例DTC肺转移患者清甲治疗时肺转移灶显影情况,评价^131I治疗DTC肺转移疗效。疗效评价分临床治愈、好转和无效。前两者为治疗有效。采用SPSS11．5软件,对有效率、有无远处转移、显像特点进行,检验及交叉分类2×2列联表关联分析。结果41例患者中8例为临床治愈,18例好转,有效率63％（26／41）,14例无效,1例患者死亡,无效率37％（15／41）。清甲治疗时肺部转移灶显影患者^131I治疗有效率76％（22／29）,随访和重复治疗中显影患者^131I治疗有效率为33％（4／12）,两者差异有统计学意义0,2=4．911,P=0．027）;肺转移灶^131I摄取呈弥漫性或局灶性,两者间有效率分别为67％（12／18）和61％（14／23）,差异无统计学意义（χ2=0．146,P=0．702）;肺外有远处转移者^131I治疗DTC肺转移灶有效率为22％（2／9）,无远处转移者有效率为75％（24／32）,差异有统计学意义（χ2=6．312,P=0．012）;83％（24／29）行甲状腺全切的患者在首次清甲治疗时即有肺转移灶显影,而行甲状腺部分切除患者中仅有42％（5／12）,甲状腺手术方式与肺转移灶早期显影有相关性（r=0．411,P〈0．05）;乳头状癌和滤泡状癌患者中首次清甲治疗时肺转移灶早期显影患者分别为72％（23／32）和6／9,病理分型和肺转移灶显影早晚无关（r=0．047,P〉0．05）。结论DTC肺转移患者清甲治疗时转移灶显影阳性、无肺外远处转移灶者的^131I疗效好。     

Radioiodine whole-body scans, thyroglobulin levels, 99mTc-MIBI scans and computed tomography: results in patients with lung metastases from differentiated thyroid cancer

OBJECTIVES: The correlation between a 131I whole-body scan (WBS), a 99mTc sestamibi (99mTc-MIBI) WBS, a computed tomography (CT) scan and the value of routine follow-up for 131I WBS and thyroglobulin (Tg) levels in patients with lung metastases from differentiated thyroid cancer was assessed. METHOD: Pulmonary metastases were detected in 32 patients out of 583 with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) who were admitted to our clinic between 1985 and 2004 (age range, 22-79 years; mean, 58 +/- 19 years; 15 women and 17 men). Pulmonary metastases were diagnosed by considering the 131I WBS, increased Tg levels and/or other positive radiological findings. Papillary carcinoma was diagnosed in 15/32 patients and follicular carcinoma in 13/32. A mixed type found in 4/32 patients was classified histopathologically. A total of 3.7-53.65 GBq (100-1450 mCi) 131I was given to each patient. The duration of follow-up ranged from 36 to 240 months. A 131I WBS, the determination of Tg levels and/or a CT scan were carried out in the assessment of a diagnosis and follow-up of patients with lung metastases. A 99mTc-MIBI WBS was performed on 19 patients who were chosen at random from the 583. RESULTS: Nineteen of 32 patients had lung metastases before they received the first 131I treatment. Six of the 32 had distant-organ metastases other than in the lungs. Four of these six patients had only lung and bone metastases. Pulmonary metastases were observed on the 131I WBS patients 31/32 (96.8%) whereas no pulmonary metastases, were detected on the CT scans in 3/32 patients. The last diagnostic whole-body scan (DWBS) was normal in 13/32 patients. At the first examination, the Tg levels in 27/32 (84.4%) patients were below 30 ng . ml(-1). At the final examination, 20/32 (62.5%) patients had Tg levels higher than 30 ng . ml(-1), while Tg levels were lower than 30 ng . ml(-1) in 12/32 patients. Tg levels decreased in 21/32 and increased in 3/32 patients. The 131I WBS continued to be abnormal in 2/3 patients with increased Tg levels but became normal in one patient whose CT scan still showed macro-nodular lesions. Tg levels did not change significantly in 8/32 patients. The 131I WBS became normal in 5/8 patients, while the CT scans for 4/5 showed micro-nodules. Metastases were detected in 12/19 patients who underwent 99mTc-MIBI whole-body scanning: 18/19 showed metastases on the 131I WBSs and 17/19 on the CT scans. Of the seven patients without a sign of metastasis on the 99mTc-MIBI WBS, one was negative in terms of metastasis on the 131I WBS and one on the CT scan. Fibrosis was observed on the CT scans of 2/32 patients. One patient developed dedifferentiation, as determined by the negative 131I WBS and positive CT scan. CONCLUSION: 131I whole-body scanning and the determination of Tg levels are the most important procedures for the evaluation of lung metastases in differentiated thyroid cancer. Computed tomography is a useful addition to 131I whole-body scanning. MIBI imaging alone may not be enough to detect lung metastases from differentiated thyroid cancer.     

肺转移性分化型甲状腺癌术后131I治疗疗效及其影响因素的分析

目的 探讨肺转移性分化型甲状腺癌（DTC）术后131I治疗疗效及其影响因素。 方法 回顾性分析1993年1月至2021年3月青岛大学附属医院收治的108例肺转移性DTC患者的临床资料,其中男性42例、女性66例,中位年龄54.3（17~77）岁,中位随访时间4.19（1.13~23.45）年。对患者行131I治疗,治疗前后进行促甲状腺激素（TSH）、甲状腺球蛋白（Tg）和甲状腺球蛋白抗体（TgAb）水平等血清学检测及胸部CT、131I全身显像、颈部超声等影像学检查,动态评估肺转移灶的进展情况。根据实体肿瘤疗效评价标准（RECIST）1.1及131I治疗前血清刺激性甲状腺球蛋白（sTg）水平变化评估131I治疗疗效,根据疗效将患者分为疾病控制组和疾病进展组。计算第2次131I治疗前较首次131I治疗前sTg与TSH水平比值的变化率（ΔsTg/TSH）。采用χ2检验、Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验对2组患者的临床病理学特征进行单因素分析;采用Logistic回归对上述单因素分析中差异有统计学意义的指标进行多因素分析;通过受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线及最佳临界值评估ΔsTg/TSH对疾病进展的预测价值。 结果 108例患者中,术后经131I治疗达到疾病控制的患者86例（79.6%）,即为疾病控制组;疾病进展的患者22例（20.4%）,即为疾病进展组。单因素分析结果显示,2组患者在年龄、病理学类型、DTC原发灶的长径、首次131I治疗前的血清sTg水平、ΔsTg/TSH、肺转移灶的长径、肺转移灶是否摄碘、肺转移确诊时间之间的差异均有统计学意义（H=?3.194,χ2=19.142,H=?2.888、?2.499、?4.140,χ2=15.380、4.069、10.362,均P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,2组患者在病理学类型、ΔsTg/TSH、肺转移灶的长径之间的差异均有统计学意义（B=3.059、0.048、4.140,OR=21.314、1.050、62.798,95%CI:1.112~408.369、1.009~1.092、1.528~2 581.064,均P<0.05）。ΔsTg/TSH预测疾病进展的最佳临界值为?0.785%,ROC曲线下面积为0.809（95%CI:0.701~0.917,P<0.001）。 结论 病理学类型、ΔsTg/TSH和肺转移灶的长径是影响肺转移性DTC术后 131I治疗疗效及预测进展的独立风险因子。