眼部新生血管与抗血管内皮生长因子治疗

眼部新生血管性病变是致盲的主要原因之一,可见于多种眼底疾病,其确切的发病机制尚不完全清楚.大量的研究证据表明血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)是新生血管形成的关键调控因子.本文对VEGF的特性、VEGF在眼部新生血管形成中的作用和抗VEGF治疗进行综述.     

眼部血管平滑肌瘤与平滑肌瘤

报告眼部血管平滑肌瘤１２例，平滑肌瘤２例，并作临床病理分析。本病临床特点是：①ＣＴ显示为圆或椭圆形边界清楚包块，部分病例有钙化斑存在。②手术时所见为一个圆或椭圆形、有包膜、紫红色肿块，与周围组织粘连及易出血。按组织病理学分类，血管平滑肌瘤可分为三个类型（海绵状型、静脉型、实体型），在部分病例标本中，三种类型可同时存在。     

血管内皮生长因子与实体瘤关系研究进展

血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF/VEGF-A)是内皮细胞特异性的多肽因子，可促进内皮细胞增生、迁移及分化，对于实体瘤新生血管生成、肿瘤的发展、转移以及预后的判断具有十分重要的意义。     

眼眶上皮样血管内皮瘤一例

1例主诉为右眼上睑肿物切除术后4年、眼睑肿胀伴上睑下垂3个月患者就诊眼科。经眼眶CT、MRI检查后临床诊断为右眼眶囊性病变伴出血,行右眼眶肿瘤切除术后组织病理学诊断为上皮样血管内皮瘤。（ 中华眼科杂志,2021, 57： 696-698）     

内皮抑素与眼部新生血管

眼部新生血管导致眼结构和功能的破坏,造成严重的视功能损害,是当前最难解决的眼科难题之一。内皮抑制素(endostatin,ES)是目前公认的最强的血管生成抑制因子之一,已经用于抑制眼部新生血管的实验研究,表明内皮抑制素具有强大的抗眼部新生血管作用。本文就内皮抑素的结构、功能及与眼部新生血管的相关研究进行综述。     

血管内皮生长因子与眼部增殖性病变的关系

生长因子（ＧｒｏｗｔｈＦａｃｔｏｒｓ）是一系列小的促有丝分裂肽。现已被确定并证实有临床价值的生长因子有表皮生长因子（ＥＧＦ），β—转化生长因子（β—ＴＧＦ），酸性和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（ａ、ｂ—ＦＧＦ），血小板衍生的生长因子（ＰＤＧＦ）及肿瘤坏死因...     

血管内皮生长因子-B与眼部新生血管性疾病

异常的新生血管会导致多种眼部疾病,而血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）在新生血管的发生及发展中起重要作用.VEGF-B作为VEGF家族的一员,对血管生成和血管通透性无显著影响,但可通过血管生存作用和细胞凋亡作用对新生血管的生长进行调控,从而抑制新生血管的发生和发展.同时,VEGF-B对心脏和神经元等具有保护作用.抗VEGF治疗作为目前明确有效的治疗新生血管的方法,一直受到广泛关注,而因VEGF-B的两面性,对于抗VEGF-B的药物在治疗眼科新生血管性疾病方面的作用尚需进一步研究.就VEGF-B对机体血管、细胞、神经元及心脏所起的作用及其在眼部新生血管性疾病治疗中的应用进行综述.     

抗血管内皮生长因子Bevacizumab在眼部新生血管中的应用新进展

眼部新生血管性病变是致盲的主要原因之一,大量的研究证据表明血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)是新生血管形成的关键调控因子。Bevaci-zumab是世界上首个批准上市的血管内皮因子抑制剂由于其强大的抗新生血管作用,在眼科新生血管性疾病治疗中有广泛的应用前景。本文对VEGF的特性、VEGF在眼部新生血管形成中的作用和Bevacizumab作用机制、应用范围进行综述。     

血管内皮生长因子和眼内新生血管

八十年代末分离提纯的血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)是一种可溶性糖蛋白,具有促血管内皮细胞分裂、增生和提高血管通透性等作用。越来越多的证据表明,VEGF在生理性和病理性的血管新生过程中起着关键性的作用,对VEGF的研究引发了基础、临床多个学科的突破性进展。VEGF很可能就是眼科界寻找了半个世纪的“视网膜未知因子”。VEGF的发现和认识以及VEGF与眼内新生血管关系的阐明对于人眼新生血管的基础和临床研究具有重要意义。(中华眼底病杂志,1999,15:62-64)     

Medial canthus retiform hemangioendothelioma

Retiform hemangioendothelioma (RH) is a distinct entity in the spectrum of vascular tumors with a high local recurrence rate. It is considered a low-grade, well-differentiated cutaneous angiosarcoma with low metastatic potential. We report here for the first time a case of medial canthus recurrent RH. It may be helpful in our practice to include RH as a differential diagnosis of eyelid lesions. It is noteworthy that the progressive course and recurrence tendency of RH might be misdiagnosed as angiosarcoma or basal cell carcinoma (BCC), if not expected and carefully evaluated by the pathologist.     

Diagnosis and treatment of ocular rosacea.

Eighteen patients with ocular rosacea were treated with oral tetracycline which resulted in marked improvement in all patients. Approximately one half of the patients were able to taper and stop the medication without recurrence of symptoms. The remaining have tapered their medication but could not stop without recurrence of symptoms. The majority of the patients in the series had Staphylococcus aureus on their conjunctiva and lids before and after surgery.     

眼部乳头状瘤的诊疗及预后现状

眼部鳞状细胞乳头状瘤普遍被认为是一种常见的与人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染、紫外线照射等因素密切相关的眼部良性肿瘤,但是其病因尚未明确。病变往往表现为菜花或海绵状的灰白或肉粉色肿物,可见于结膜、泪阜、角膜缘、眼睑皮肤及眼眶等部位,采用前节高分辨率光学相干断层扫描(HR-OCT)、超声生物显微镜(UBM)等检查手段结合术后病理检查可以确诊。该疾病有一定的复发倾向,一些学者认为生长部位、细胞异型性、治疗方式等可能是影响疾病复发的因素。目前临床治疗以手术切除为主,部分加以术中冷冻、羊膜移植、丝裂霉素(MMC)、干扰素α-2b(IFNα-2b)、5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)等辅助治疗方法,有研究发现合理规范的辅助治疗对于减少复发有一定作用,但仍需要进一步的大样本研究证实。     

Diagnosis and treatment of ocular myasthenia (author's transl)]

After discussion of the modern concepts of pathophysiology of ocular myasthenia the ocular symptoms such as ptosis and eye muscle palsies are discussed. As important diagnostic sign the Simpson lid fatigue test before and after application of Tensilon is described. For diagnosis of myasthenic eye muscle palsies electrooculography has a special significance especially in connection with the application of Edrophonium, which normalizes myasthenic hypometric saccades and transforms them even in hypermetric saccades. In doubtful cases of eye muscle palsies the electromyogram of the affected muscle in connection with the Edrophonium-test is extremely valuable. With regard to modern treatment apart from cholinesterase inhibitors (Pyridostigmine, Neostigmine) thymectomy, the application of corticosteroids, ACTH and especially also immune suppressive drugs (Imurel etc.) is discussed. Of great significance in ocular myasthenia is the local application of cholinesterase inhibitors like Eserine, Prostigmin or Phospholine Iodide.     

Diagnosis of ocular sarcoidosis

INTRODUCTION: Sarcoidosis is a chronic inflammatory disorder with an unknown etiology characterized by noncaseating granulomas. The disorder is a multisystemic disease and affects many organs, including most often the lung, lymph nodes, skin, heart, liver, muscles, and the eye. MATHERIAL AND METHODS: Based on a review of the literature and on an algorithm generated in an international workshop on sarcoidosis, this article provides the reader with a schematic and simple approach to the diagnosis of ocular sarcoidosis. CONCLUSIONS: In a considerable proportion of cases it is the ophthalmologist who first sees patients presenting with the ocular expression of sarcoidosis. In countries where the incidence of sarcoidosis is common, like Japan, a complete workup should be performed, whereas in countries where the incidence of the disease is less high, a noninvasive approach may be warranted at first.