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含糖饮料是指在饮料制作过程中人工添加单糖(葡萄糖、果糖)或双糖(蔗糖、乳糖或麦芽糖),含糖量在5%及以上的饮料,涉及碳酸饮料、果蔬汁饮料、运动饮料、茶饮料、含乳饮料、植物蛋白饮料和咖啡饮料等[1].含糖饮料摄入过多可导致一系列直接或间接与糖有关的疾病,如肥胖、2型糖尿病、冠心病、高血压、心脏病、脑卒中、肿瘤以及龋齿等[2-5].哈佛大学Puasant等[6]研究成果显示,相对于每日含糖饮料摄入不超过1杯者,每日摄入量超过2杯者全因死亡风险增加21%,心血管疾病死亡风险增加31%,癌症死亡风险增加16%.含糖饮料对人类健康的损害被广泛研究,如何降低含糖饮料的摄入已成为社会关注的热点.本研究就含糖饮料消费与儿童肥胖的关系及其相关政策的研究现状进行综述,以期为我国出台相关政策和措施、减少儿童含糖饮料摄入提供参考. 相似文献
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目的 系统评价就餐地点与儿童能量摄入及肥胖的关系,为相关政策的制定提供循证依据。方法 系统检索Cochrane library, PubMed, EMBASE和中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据知识服务平台中,1998年1月1日—2021年12月31日发表的相关文献,提取资料并依据GRADE标准评价纳入文献。结果 共纳入10项横断面研究和3项队列研究。结果显示,儿童在家就餐倾向于选择健康食物,在外就餐尤其西式快餐与高脂肪高糖高能量食物摄入有关;经常在外就餐可增加儿童超重肥胖风险,与儿童年龄、性别、体质量状况等有关。结论 就餐地点与儿童肥胖可能有关,需更多高质量研究设计的证据支持。为预防与控制儿童肥胖,建议儿童多在家就餐。 相似文献
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目的 总结含糖饮料(Sugar-sweetened beverages, SSBs)对儿童肥胖的影响机制,为儿童肥胖防控提供政策建议。方法 对国内外含糖饮料引发儿童肥胖机制的相关横断面、队列、干预研究以及数学模型、公共政策研究进行系统文献分析。结果 含糖饮料是导致儿童肥胖主要且可干预的因素。儿童SSBs消费行为与肥胖、肥胖相关指标和疾病存在剂量—效应关系,且该行为与未来的肥胖状况相关。结论 针对含糖饮料的直接干预能够减少肥胖的发生,增加含糖饮料税收具有一定作用,但在更多领域需形成有效的干预方案和研究证据。 相似文献
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目的 系统评价饮水与儿童能量摄入及肥胖的关系,为相关政策的制定提供循证依据。方法 检索1998—2021年公开发表的相关文献,中文数据库为中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据知识服务平台,英文数据库PubMed等。检索词为“学龄前儿童、婴儿、幼儿、学龄儿童、少年、青少年、超重、肥胖、增重、BMI、体脂率、足量饮水、水摄入量、水排水量、喝水和饮水量”,再参考WHO的GRADE证据质量评价方法和采用JBI循证卫生保健中心(2016)质量评价标准对RCT研究进行质量评价。结果 经过文献筛选,共有4篇文献纳入本次系统评价,其中1篇表明饮水可增加静息能量消耗;1篇研究表明饮水能够减轻体重;1篇研究表明饮水能够降低BMI;1篇表明饮水不能降低超重肥胖发生率,但能减少含糖饮料的摄入。结论 首选摄入白水可能有助于减少儿童青少年总能量的摄入、降低体重和BMI。 相似文献
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从20世纪70年代开始,随着含糖饮料消费的逐渐增加,与之相平行的是超重、肥胖和2型糖尿病患病的不断上升.含糖饮料的消费作为致肥胖及其相关疾病的一个重要因素,已成为备受重视和争议的公共卫生问题,特别是在儿童青少年中. 相似文献
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Objectives
This review aimed to review global consumption of sugar sweetened beverages and the extent to which this relates to the risks of obesity and cardiovascular disease. This review also aimed to assess evidence on the effectiveness of soda taxes in reducing the consumption of sugar sweetened beverages.Methods
A literature review was performed on international rates of sugar sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption and associations between this and the risk of cardiovascular disease. An evaluation was also performed of evidence for operational results of these policies in several countries.Results
The studies reviewed confirmed a consistent association between sugar sweetened beverage consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease and yet sugar sweetened beverage consumption has increased significantly worldwide. Review of published evidence suggests that taxing sugar sweetened beverages is an effective policy for reducing their consumption.Conclusion
Based on the available evidence, an SSB tax is an effective policy in several countries. To expand and strengthen taxation policy for health-related indicators/outcomes, well-managed experimental studies of actual SSB taxation policies should be conducted and the tax system should be applied to each country considering the circumstances and with a package of effective interventions. 相似文献12.
Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), particularly carbonated soft drinks, may be a key contributor to the epidemic of overweight and obesity, by virtue of these beverages' high added sugar content, low satiety, and incomplete compensation for total energy. Whether an association exists between SSB intake and weight gain is unclear. We searched English-language MEDLINE publications from 1966 through May 2005 for cross-sectional, prospective cohort, and experimental studies of the relation between SSBs and the risk of weight gain (ie, overweight, obesity, or both). Thirty publications (15 cross-sectional, 10 prospective, and 5 experimental) were selected on the basis of relevance and quality of design and methods. Findings from large cross-sectional studies, in conjunction with those from well-powered prospective cohort studies with long periods of follow-up, show a positive association between greater intakes of SSBs and weight gain and obesity in both children and adults. Findings from short-term feeding trials in adults also support an induction of positive energy balance and weight gain by intake of sugar-sweetened sodas, but these trials are few. A school-based intervention found significantly less soft-drink consumption and prevalence of obese and overweight children in the intervention group than in control subjects after 12 mo, and a recent 25-week randomized controlled trial in adolescents found further evidence linking SSB intake to body weight. The weight of epidemiologic and experimental evidence indicates that a greater consumption of SSBs is associated with weight gain and obesity. Although more research is needed, sufficient evidence exists for public health strategies to discourage consumption of sugary drinks as part of a healthy lifestyle. 相似文献
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目的 分析出生体重(BW)与儿童肥胖的关联性,为儿童肥胖预防提供依据。方法 通过数据库(PubMed,Elsevier和中国知网)检索BW与儿童肥胖发病相关的文献,用Meta分析方法评价BW与儿童肥胖发生风险的剂量反应关系。结果 本研究纳入32篇研究,共包括548 348名研究对象。与BW参照组(2 500~4 000 g)相比,高出生体重(≥4 000 g)是儿童肥胖的危险因素(OR=1.77, 95%CI:1.66~1.89)。剂量反应Meta分析结果显示:随着BW的增加,儿童肥胖的发生风险也逐渐增加,且BW每增加100 g,儿童肥胖的发生风险大约增加1.1%。当BW达到3 575 g时,与儿童发生肥胖风险的剂量反应关系有统计学意义(P=0.046,OR=1.08,95%CI:1.00~1.17)。且当BW>3 575 g时,儿童肥胖的发生风险明显增加。结论 BW与儿童肥胖发生风险存在明显的J型剂量反应关系,且当儿童BW超过3 575 g时,儿童肥胖的风险明显增加。 相似文献
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Monthly data derived from the Nielsen Homescan Panel for calendar years 1998 through 2003 are used to estimate the effects of a proposed tax on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs). Most arguments in describing the ramifications of a tax fail to consider demand interrelationships among various beverages. To circumvent this shortcoming we employ a variation of Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS) model. The consumption of isotonics, regular soft drinks and fruit drinks, the set of SSBs, is negatively impacted by the proposed tax, while the consumption of fruit juices, low-fat milk, coffee, and tea is positively affected. Diversion ratios are provided identifying where the volumes of the SSBs are directed as a result of the tax policy. The reduction in the body weight as a result of a 20% tax on SSBs is estimated to be between 1.54 and 2.55 lb per year. However, not considering demand interrelationships would result in higher weight loss. Unequivocally, it is necessary to consider interrelationships among non-alcoholic beverages in assessing the effect of the tax. 相似文献
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Wang YC Coxson P Shen YM Goldman L Bibbins-Domingo K 《Health affairs (Project Hope)》2012,31(1):199-207
Sugar-sweetened beverages are a major contributor to the US obesity and diabetes epidemics. Using the Coronary Heart Disease Policy Model, we examined the potential impact on health and health spending of a nationwide penny-per-ounce excise tax on these beverages. We found that the tax would reduce consumption of these beverages by 15 percent among adults ages 25-64. Over the period 2010-20, the tax was estimated to prevent 2.4 million diabetes person-years, 95,000 coronary heart events, 8,000 strokes, and 26,000 premature deaths, while avoiding more than $17 billion in medical costs. In addition to generating approximately $13 billion in annual tax revenue, a modest tax on sugar-sweetened beverages could reduce the adverse health and cost burdens of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. 相似文献
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