SWIM技术治疗后循环大血管闭塞所致急性缺血性卒中的有效性和安全性观察

目的 观察SWIM技术治疗后循环大血管闭塞所致急性缺血性卒中的有效性及安全性。 方法 回顾性分析2017年2月-2018年11月于大连市中心医院采用SWIM技术治疗的后循环大血管闭 塞所致急性缺血性卒中患者的临床资料，评价该技术的疗效和安全性，并分析影响患者预后的因素。 观察指标为术后即刻成功再通（mTICI≥2b）、90 d良好预后（mRS评分≤2分），以及术后24 h任何颅内 出血、90 d全因死亡。 结果 共纳入35例患者，平均年龄66.1±12.1岁，男性26例（74.3%），基线NIHSS评分22（15～34）分。 术后即刻成功再通率为94.3%（33/35），90 d良好预后率为45.7%（16/35），24 h颅内出血率为17.1% （6/35），90 d全因死亡率为37.1%（13/35）。单因素分析显示，基线NIHSS评分较低（P =0.001）、基 线后循环ASPECTS评分较高（P =0.016）、发病至到院时间较短（P =0.039）、发病至再通时间较短 （P =0.047）、血管成功再通率较高（P =0.036）以及饮酒比例较低（P =0.042）与良好预后相关。 结论 使用SWIM技术治疗后循环急性缺血性卒中相对安全、有效。     

急性前循环脑梗死静脉溶栓患者TIBI分级与血管再通和预后的相关性研究

目的静脉溶栓期间利用经颅多普勒超声(TCD)监测脑缺血溶栓血流(thrombolysis in brain ischemia,TIBI)分级,评估急性前循环脑梗死患者静脉溶栓治疗效果,血管再通情况及预后。方法选择急性前循脑梗死行阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗的患者,于溶栓开始时行TCD监测并记录病变血管TIBI分级。发病72 h内患者通过头部磁共振血管成像(MRA)或复查TCD评价血管再通情况,比较TIBI分级与血管再通的相关性。采用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分记录患者溶栓前及溶栓后24 h临床神经功能缺损,3 m随访时采用改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分评估预后,分析前循环脑梗死患者静脉溶栓时血管情况与神经功能缺损程度、短期改善程度、血管再通情况及3 m预后的关系。结果溶栓时TIBI分级与24 h NIHSS评分均呈负相关关系(r=-0.407,P=0.005)。TIBI分级、基线NIHSS评分、早期神经功能改善、血管再通是90 d良好预后的独立预测因素(TIBI分级:OR2.147,95%CI,1.332~3.460,P=0.002;基线NIHSS评分:OR0.876,95%CI,0.774~0.992,P=0.037;早期神经功能改善:OR11.917,95%CI,2.826~50.246,P=0.01;血管再通:OR 8.95%CI,1.65~38.79,P=0.01)。结论急性前循环脑梗死患者阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗时TIBI血流分级,能够有效反映溶栓治疗效果并有助于判断预后,TIBI分级越高患者预后越好,是静脉溶栓患者血管评估的重要手段。     

高压氧治疗未破裂颅内动脉瘤夹闭术后脑梗死疗效及影响因素分析

目的 探讨高压氧治疗未破裂颅内动脉瘤夹闭术后脑梗死疗效及影响因素。 方法 回顾性纳入未破裂颅内动脉瘤夹闭术后脑梗死患者,根据是否进行高压氧治疗（压力 0.2 Mpa,稳压60 min,每日1次）分为高压氧组和对照组。应用NIHSS评分评估患者出院时神经功能缺 损程度,观察高压氧治疗是否有效。将出院NIHSS评分较脑梗死发病24 h内评分下降≥4分作为治疗显 效的标准,应用多因素Logistic回归分析,探讨术后脑梗死疗效的影响因素。 结果 共纳入56例患者,平均年龄53.63±11.02岁,其中男性24例（42.9%）。高压氧组41例,对照 组15例。高压氧组出院NIHSS评分低于对照组[6（4～8）分 vs 12（7～15）分,P =0.001]。纳入患者中治 疗显效22例（39.3%）,多因素Logistic回归分析显示,脑梗死发病24 h内NIHSS评分高（OR 1.411,95%CI 1.134～1.756,P =0.002）是未破裂动脉瘤术后脑梗死治疗显效的独立影响因素;与未行高压氧治 疗对比,高压氧治疗1～5次（OR 16.454,95%CI 1.326～204.191,P =0.029）,高压氧治疗6～9次（OR 20.966,95%CI 1.996～220.253,P =0.011）,高压氧治疗≥10次（OR 47.026,95%CI 3.651～605.774, P =0.003）与术后脑梗死治疗显效呈独立正相关。 结论 高压氧治疗颅内动脉瘤夹闭术后脑梗死有效,脑梗死发病24 h内NIHSS评分及高压氧治疗是 未破裂颅内动脉瘤术后脑梗死治疗显效独立影响因素。     

血浆和肽素水平对急性脑出血患者临床结局的预测研究

目的 研究血浆和肽素水平对脑出血患者临床结局的预测价值。 方法 连续入组2011年1月-2012年5月期间住院的自发性脑出血患者,并收集患者的性别、年龄、既 往史及血压、实验室检查、影像学检查信息等。入院时进行GCS评分及NIHSS评分,检测血浆和肽素 水平。随访患者30 d生存情况及90 d功能预后（mRS评分）。应用Logi sti c回归分析上述因素对急性脑出 血患者30 d死亡及90 d预后不良（mRS评分≤3分）的预测价值。 结果 共有133例患者纳入研究。9例（6.8%）患者在脑出血后30 d内死亡。在90 d随访期内,55例 （41.4%）患者功能预后不良。基线期血肿体积（OR 1.06,95%CI 1.00～1.13,P =0.047）及NIHSS评分 （OR 1.21,95%CI 1.05～1.39,P =0.01）是脑出血90 d预后不良的独立预测因素,基线GCS评分（OR 1.41, 95%CI 1.21～1.63,P =0.03）及血浆和肽素水平（OR 2.50,95%CI 1.16～5.37,P =0.02）是脑出血患者 30 d内死亡的独立预测因素。 结论 血浆和肽素水平高是脑出血短期死亡的独立预测因素。     

急性大血管闭塞性缺血性卒中患者机械取栓术后预后影响因素分析

目的筛查急性大血管闭塞性缺血性卒中血管内机械取栓术后预后相关影响因素。方法 2018年1月至2019年7月共117例急性大血管闭塞性缺血性卒中患者行血管内机械取栓术(包括支架取栓术、抽吸取栓术、支架取栓术联合抽吸取栓术),单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析筛查术后预后不良危险因素。结果 Logistic回归分析显示,高龄(OR=1.062,95%CI:1.013～1.113;P=0.012)、既往糖尿病(OR=3.074,95%CI:1.023～9.240;P=0.045)、入院时高NIHSS评分(OR=1.143,95%CI:1.043～1.252;P=0.004)、责任血管为椎-基底动脉(OR=11.151,95%CI:2.877～43.079;P=0.000)是急性大血管闭塞性缺血性卒中血管内机械取栓术后预后不良的危险因素。结论高龄,既往糖尿病、入院时高NIHSS评分、后循环缺血性卒中的急性大血管闭塞性缺血性卒中患者血管内机械取栓术后预后不良。     

脑白质疏松与老年急性脑梗死静脉溶栓患者症状性颅内出血及功能预后的关系研究

目的 探讨脑白质疏松与老年急性脑梗死静脉溶栓患者症状性颅内出血（symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage，sICH）及功能预后的关系。 方法 纳入2016年1月1日-2018年12月31日连续就诊于北京怀柔医院的老年急性脑梗死静脉溶栓 患者。根据入院头颅CT，采用改良Van Swieten量表进行脑白质疏松分级。应用多因素Logistic回归模型， 分析脑白质疏松与溶栓后24 h sICH和3个月不良功能预后（mRS＞2分）的关系。 结果 共纳入125例患者，平均年龄73.2±8.4岁，男性84例（67.2%），有脑白质疏松82例（65.6%）。 有脑白质疏松、无脑白质疏松患者溶栓后24 h sICH发生率分别为12.2%（10/82）、4.7%（2/43）， P =0.298；3个月不良功能预后比例分别为70.7%（58/82）、34.9%（15/43），P ＜0.001。多因素 Logistic回归分析显示，脑白质疏松与老年急性脑梗死静脉溶栓患者24 h sICH不相关（OR 0.320， 95%CI 0.056～1.846，P =0.203）；与3个月不良功能预后独立相关（OR 4.392，95%CI 1.514～12.744， P =0.006）。 结论 脑白质疏松症与老年急性脑梗死静脉溶栓患者sICH不相关，但与静脉溶栓治疗后3个月不良 功能预后独立相关。     

急性缺血性卒中围静脉溶栓时间窗临床症状波动的静脉溶栓研究

目的 探讨急性缺血性卒中患者围静脉溶栓时间窗临床症状波动的患者进行静脉溶栓治疗的临 床特征及预后分析。 方法 前瞻性纳入绵阳市中心医院2013年10月-2018年6月连续登记的发病4.5 h内进行静脉溶栓的 患者,以实施静脉溶栓时NIHSS评分较入院时NIHSS评分上下波动2分作为临床症状波动判断标准,将 所有纳入患者分为无变化组、波动组。分析比较两组患者的临床特征及24 h出血转化率、出院NIHSS 评分、3个月预后良好（mRS评分≤2分）和全因死亡率,多因素Logistic回归分析围静脉溶栓时间窗发生 临床症状波动的影响因素。 结果 共纳入156例,其中男性110例（70.5%）,年龄范围42～87岁,平均65±13岁,发生围静脉 溶栓时间窗临床症状波动41例（26.3%）。与无变化组患者相比,波动组患者年龄、基线NIHSS评 分、糖尿病比例、高血压比例、随机血糖水平、后循环梗死比例较高,差异均具有统计学意义。两 组患者的24 h出血转化率、出院NI HSS评分、3个月良好预后率、3个月时全因死亡率差异无统计学意 义。Logistic回归分析发现年龄（每增加10岁：OR 1.143,95%CI 1.016～1.836,P =0.040）、基线NIHSS 评分（每增加1分：OR 1.353,95%CI 1.053～1.393,P =0.006）、随机血糖（每增加1 mmol/L：OR 2.120, 95%CI 1.185～2.748,P =0.001）、后循环梗死（OR 2.603,95%CI 1.037～3.950,P =0.042）是围静脉 溶栓时间窗临床症状波动的独立危险因素。 结论 尽管高龄、NIHSS评分高、血糖水平高、后循环梗死患者容易出现围静脉溶栓时间窗临床症 状波动,但对终点事件并无影响。对于出现临床症状波动的患者,溶栓可使患者获益。     

基于DSA评估毛细血管状态与缺血性卒中血管内治疗预后的相关性

目的研究基于全脑血管造影术评估毛细血管状态与急性前循环缺血性卒中血管内治疗疗效与预后的相关性,探讨侧支循环在再灌注治疗过程中的保护作用。方法回顾性分析2020年1月-2020年12月间发病24 h时以内的急性前循环大动脉闭塞患者。采用毛细血管指数评分(CIS)对缺血脑组织的责任血管区域进行侧支循环评估,并根据CTP灌注成像的核心梗死体积和术后1 w内头部MR的DWI影像结果,计算最终梗死体积和进展梗死体积,并随访患者临床预后及与远期功能恢复。结果 (1)基线ASPECTS评分(OR=2.246,95%CI 1.084～6.328,P 0.05)、大脑中动脉M1或M2闭塞(OR=4.801,95%CI 2.047～11.261,P 0.001)是侧支循环的独立影响因素;(2)基线ASPECT评分(OR=6.476,95%CI 1.618～21.921,P 0.001)、侧支循环(OR=12.304,95%CI 5.035～28.348,P 0.01)及出院NIHSS评分(OR=0.637,95%CI 0.473～0.858,P 0.01)是取栓患者3个月预后的独立影响因素。结论基于DSA评估毛细血管状态对发病24 h内急性前循环大动脉闭塞取栓患者的进展梗死体积及临床预后有良好的预测作用,侧支循环结合发病时间窗有助于筛选可能在血管内治疗中获益的AIS患者。     

急性缺血性卒中患者脑小血管病总负荷与静脉溶栓治疗转归的关系研究

目的 探讨急性缺血性卒中（acute ischemic stroke,AIS）患者脑小血管病（cerebral small vessel disease,CSVD）总体负荷与静脉溶栓治疗转归的关系。 方法 回顾性纳入2012年3月-2018年1月于同济大学附属同济医院神经内科接受静脉溶栓治疗的 AIS患者,根据头颅MRI评估CSVD总体负荷（CSVD总负荷评分）,在发病后90 d时采用mRS量表评估患 者预后,良好预后定义为mRS评分≤2分。使用多因素Logistic回归分析AIS静脉溶栓患者90 d预后不良 （mRS评分≥3分）及住院期间并发症（住院期间新发的肺部感染、消化道出血和泌尿道感染）的独立 影响因素。 结果 最终纳入178例患者,平均年龄62.3±10.5岁,其中男性125例（70.2%）。90 d预后良好患者 共128例（71.9%）。多因素分析显示：糖尿病（OR 2.919,95%CI 1.044～8.162,P =0.041）,吸烟（OR 7.752,95%CI 2.300～26.192,P =0.001）,心房颤动（OR 6.553,95%CI 1.733～24.785,P =0.006）,基线 NIHSS评分（每增加1分：OR 1.354,95%CI 1.224～1.497,P＜0.001）,CSVD总负荷评分≥3分（OR 3.787, 95%CI 1.127～12.728,P =0.031）是AIS患者静脉溶栓90 d预后不良的独立危险因素。基线NIHSS评分 （每增加1分：OR 1.266,95%CI 1.163～1.377,P＜0.001）及CSVD总负荷评分≥3分（OR 4.643,95%CI 1.562～13.801,P =0.006）是AIS静脉溶栓患者住院期间并发症的独立危险因素。 结论 CSVD总负荷评分≥3分是静脉溶栓患者90 d不良预后的独立危险因素。     

急性基底动脉闭塞血管内治疗不良结局的影响因素分析

目的筛查急性基底动脉闭塞血管内支架取栓术后预后不良的危险因素,并评价4种影像学评分系统的预测价值。方法 2012年3月至2018年8月共57例急性基底动脉闭塞患者均行血管内支架取栓术,术前行DWI后循环Alberta脑卒中计划早期CT评分(pc-ASPECTS)、DWI脑干评分(BSS)、后循环CTA评分(pc-CTA)和基底动脉CTA评分(BATMAN),术后即刻采用脑梗死溶栓血流分级(TICI)评价血管再通,术后36 h内记录症状性颅内出血发生率,发病后3个月采用改良Rankin量表(mRS)评价预后。单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析筛查急性基底动脉闭塞血管内支架取栓术后预后不良的危险因素。绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)并计算曲线下面积,评价DWI pc-ASPECTS、DWI BSS、pc-CTA和BATMAN评分的预测价值。结果57例患者中53例(92.98%)血管完全再通,2例(3.51%)部分再通,2例(3.51%)未再通;3例(5.26%)症状性颅内出血;22例(38.60%)预后良好、35例(61.40%)预后不良;14例(24.56%)死亡。Logistic回归分析,入院时高NIHSS评分(OR=0.879,95%CI:0.783～0.986;P=0.028)、高DWI BSS评分(OR=0.348,95%CI:0.177～0.683;P=0.002)和低BATMAN评分(OR=1.549,95%CI:1.019～2.353;P=0.040)是急性基底动脉闭塞血管内治疗后预后不良的危险因素。ROC曲线,DWI pc-ASPECTS、DWI BSS、pc-CTA和BATMAN评分曲线下面积分别为0.787(95%CI:0.658～0.884,P=0.000)、0.861(95%CI:0.744～0.938,P=0.000)、0.634(95%CI:0.496～0.757,P=0.091)和0.698(95%CI:0.562～0.813,P=0.012)。结论入院时高NIHSS评分、高DWI BSS评分和低BATMAN评分是急性基底动脉闭塞血管内治疗后预后不良的危险因素。     

Acute Ischemic Stroke Therapy in Infective Endocarditis: Case Series and Systematic Review

Objectives: To evaluate the safety of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) therapy in patients with infective endocarditis (IE) with intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) or endovascular therapy (EVT) such as mechanical thrombectomy. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of patients who underwent AIS therapy with IVT or EVT at a tertiary referral center from 2013 to 2017, that were later diagnosed with acute IE as the causative mechanism. We then performed a systematic review of reports of acute ischemic reperfusion therapy in IE since 1995 for their success rates in terms of neurological outcome, and mortality, and their risk of hemorrhagic complication. Results: In the retrospective portion, 8 participants met criteria, of whom 4 received IVT and 4 received EVT. Through systematic review, 24 publications of 32 participants met criteria. Combined, a total of 40 participants were analyzed: 18 received IVT alone, 1 received combined IVT plus EVT, and 21 received EVT alone. IVT compared to EVT were similar in rates of good neurologic outcomes (58% versus 76%, P= .22) and mortality (21% versus 19%, P= .87), but had higher post-therapy intracranial hemorrhage (63% versus 18% [P= .006]). Conclusion: IV thrombolysis has a higher rate of post-therapy intracranial hemorrhage compared to EVT. EVT should be considered as first-line AIS therapy for patients with known, or suspected, IE who present with a large vessel occlusion.     

Catastrophic Multiple Microbleeds Caused by Infective Endocarditis Following Intravenous Thrombolysis and Endovascular Thrombectomy

Ischemic stroke is one of the most common complications of infective endocarditis (IE). IE must be considered as one of the causes of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) with emergent large vessel occlusion (ELVO), but early diagnosis of IE is difficult. AIS with ELVO must be treated using endovascular thrombectomy (EVT), with or without intravenous thrombolysis (IVT). IVT for AIS due to IE is not well established and remains controversial because of the risk of intracranial hemorrhage. A 42-year-old man suffered from right hemiparesis and disorientation, and AIS with ELVO was diagnosed. EVT with IVT was successfully performed and recanalization was achieved, but catastrophic multiple cerebral microbleeds appeared after treatment. EVT without IVT could be chosen for AIS caused by IE to avoid hemorrhagic complications. Hypointense signal spots on T2*-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and susceptibility-weighted MRI could facilitate early diagnosis of IE.     

2020中国急性缺血性卒中血管内治疗现状调查分析

目的 调查2020年中国急性缺血性卒中(acute ischemic stroke,AIS)血管内治疗(endovascular treatment,EVT)的数量、分布及特点.方法 通过国家神经系统疾病医疗质量控制中心神经介入质量控制专家委员会调研及上报方式,对中国2020年开展AIS-EVT(包括动脉溶栓、机械取栓...     

Endovascular therapy versus intravenous thrombolysis in cervical artery dissection-related ischemic stroke: a meta-analysis

Journal of Neurology - The purpose of our meta-analysis is to evaluate the endovascular therapy (EVT) in patients with cervical artery dissection (CAD)-related acute ischemic stroke (AIS) by...     

Admission blood cell counts are predictive of stroke-associated infection in acute ischemic stroke patients treated with endovascular therapy

Neurological Sciences - Stroke-associated infection (SAI) is a major medical complication in acute ischemic stroke patients (AIS) treated with endovascular therapy (EVT). Three hundred thirty-three...     

Thrombotic Pathology is not Correlated with the Prognosis of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke

ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to determine whether there is a correlation between thrombotic pathology and prognosis of endovascular treatment (EVT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS).MethodsThrombi were taken from 58 patients with cerebral ischemic thrombosis who were consecutively selected for EVT for AIS. The collected thrombi then underwent hematoxylin-eosin staining for pathological examinations to determine the red blood cell (RBC) ratio and fibrin/platelet components. The patients were divided into the following three groups according to their proportions of RBCs in thrombi: RBC-rich group (RBC ratio ≥ 70%), mixed group (RBC ratio at 31–69%), and fibrin/platelet-rich group (RBC ratio ≤ 30%). Prognosis was classified into good (0–2 points on modified Rankin scale [mRS] at postoperative 90 days) and poor (3–6 points on mRS at postoperative 90 days). Correlational analysis was performed between thrombotic pathology and prognosis of EVT for AIS.ResultsAmong all patients, the distributions were as follows: 18.96% (11/58) patients in the RBC-rich group, 63.79% (37/58) patients in the mixed group, and 17.24% (10/58) patients in the fibrin/platelet-rich group. In addition, 43.10% (25/58) of the patients had good prognosis and 56.90% (33/58) had poor prognosis.There was no statistically significant difference between the good prognosis and the poor prognosis in the RBC-rich group, the mixed group, and the fibrin/platelet-rich group (P=0.713, 0.829, 0.748).Multivariate logistic regression analysis to explored the association between RBC-rich group and good prognosis while adjusting for other baseline prognostic factors (age, ASPECTS, NIHSS score, and PRT and intravenous alteplase-bridging therapy). Compared to the fibrin/platelet-rich group, the odds ratio(OR) of achieving good prognosis was 0.60 (P = 0.592) for the mixed group and OR = 0.74 (P = 0.793) for the RBC-rich group.Notably, age was found to be negatively associated with good prognosis (OR = 0.91, P = 0.013). The ASPECTS score was found to be positively associated with good prognosis (OR = 2.01, P = 0.002). Alteplase bridging was associated with a marginally significant positive association with good prognosis (OR = 4.23, P = 0.083).ConclusionsNo correlation was found between thrombotic pathology and prognosis of EVT for AIS. Good prognosis after endovascular treatment was associated with low age, high ASPECTS at admission, and alteplase bridging.     

Temporal Trends in the Use of Acute Recanalization Therapies for Ischemic Stroke in Patients with Cancer

Objective: We sought to characterize the US nationwide temporal trends in recanalization therapy utilization for ischemic stroke among patients with and without cancer. Methods: We identified all acute ischemic stroke (AIS) hospitalizations in the National Inpatient Sample from January 1, 1998 to September 30, 2015. The primary exposure was solid or hematologic cancer. The primary outcome was use of intravenous thrombolysis. The secondary outcome was use of endovascular therapy (EVT). Results: Among 9,508,804 AIS hospitalizations, 503,510 (5.3%) involved cancer patients. Intravenous thrombolysis use among ischemic stroke patients with cancer increased from .01% (95% confidence interval [CI], .00%-.02%) in 1998 to 4.91% (95% CI, 4.33%-5.48%) in 2015, whereas intravenous thrombolysis use among ischemic stroke patients without cancer increased from .02% (95% CI, .01%-.02%) in 1998 to 7.22% (95% CI, 6.98%-7.45%) in 2015. The demographic- and comorbidity-adjusted odds ratio/year of receiving intravenous thrombolysis was similar in patients with cancer (1.21; 95% CI, 1.20-1.23) versus those without (1.20; 95% CI, 1.19-1.21). EVT use among ischemic stroke patients with cancer increased from .05% (95% CI, .02%-.07%) in 2006 to 1.90% (95% CI, 1.49%-2.31%) in 2015, whereas EVT use among ischemic stroke patients without cancer increased from .09% (95% CI, .00%-.18%) in 2006 to 1.88% (95% CI, 1.68%-2.09%) in 2015. Conclusions: Among 9.5 million AIS hospitalizations, patients with cancer received intravenous thrombolysis about two thirds as often as patients without cancer. This difference persisted over time despite increased utilization in both groups. EVT utilization was similar between cancer and non–cancer AIS patients.     

急性后循环大血管闭塞桥接治疗与直接取栓结局及相关因素研究：一项多中心前瞻性队列研究

目的 比较发病4.5 h内的急性后循环大血管闭塞患者静脉溶栓（intravenous thrombolysis，IVT）联合 血管内治疗（endovascular treatment，EVT）与直接取栓治疗的疗效差异。 方法 本研究为多中心前瞻性队列研究，连续纳入2018年7月-2019年5月全国18家分中心发病4.5 h 内的急性后循环大血管闭塞患者。根据实际治疗方式，分为桥接治疗组（IVT+EVT）和直接取栓组 （direct endovascular treatment，D-EVT）。主要结局为发病90 d的神经功能预后，良好预后定义为mRS评 分0～2分，采用多因素Logi sti c回归分析评估两组90 d预后的差异。 结果 研究纳入123例患者，平均年龄62.79±11.07岁，男性85例（69.11%），其中D -EVT组98例 （79.67%），IVT+EVT组25例（20.33%）。与IVT+EVT组相比，D-EVT组取栓≥3次病例更多（26.52% vs 8.00%，P =0.04）；多因素分析显示，IVT+EVT组良好预后比例高于D -EVT组（aOR 0.2，95%CI 0.06～0.71，P =0.01）。 结论 对于发病4.5 h内的急性后循环大血管闭塞患者，静脉溶栓联合血管内治疗较单纯血管内治 疗90 d神经功能预后更佳。     

Thrombolysis and reperfusion: advanced understanding of early management strategies in acute ischemic stroke

Abstract

Currently, intravenous (IV) thrombolysis within 3 hours from stroke onset is the only approved treatment in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Although effective, the definition of therapeutic time window and appropriate patient selection still remains controversial. Notably, early endovascular treatment strategies may serve as an adjunct therapy for time window extension in AIS.

In this article, we review the safety and efficacy of IV thrombolysis in AIS as it pertains to the optimal time window, the selection of eligible patients, and in combination with endovascular treatment. Combined clinical application of IV thrombolysis and endovascular therapy may improve the therapeutic outcomes for AIS patients.     

后循环急性缺血性卒中血管内治疗与静脉溶栓的对照研究

目的 比较后循环大血管闭塞致急性缺血性卒中患者接受血管内治疗（endovascular treatment，EVT） 与单纯静脉溶栓（intravenous thrombolysis，IVT）治疗后的临床结局。 方法 纳入2012年3月-2016年11月期间在北京天坛医院行EVT与IVT治疗的后循环大血管闭塞所致 急性缺血性卒中患者，以1∶1比例匹配两组的年龄、性别、基线NIHSS评分、发病至治疗时间及卒中亚型 （TOAST分型），匹配患者的NIHSS评分≥10分。主要疗效结局为治疗后90 d的mRS评分，安全性结局为 24 h ICH及90 d全因死亡率。 结果 共纳入328例后循环急性缺血性卒中患者，其中EVT组69例，IVT组259例，匹配后两组基线数 据相似，每组各55例。各卒中亚型比例在两组均有显著性差异（所有P <0.001），两组均以大动脉粥 样硬化型为主，其中EVT组63例（91.3%），IVT组164例（63.3%）。临床疗效结局显示匹配后EVT组90 d mRS评分≤1分比例（30.9% vs 38.2%，校正OR 0.724，95%CI 0.329～1.595，P =0.423）及mRS评分≤2 分比例（38.2% vs 50.9%，校正OR 0.596，95%CI 0.279～1.272，P =0.181）均低于IVT组，但差异均无统 计学意义。安全性结局方面，24 h症状性脑出血及治疗后90 d全因死亡率，两组比较差异也无统计学 意义。 结论 对于后循环大血管闭塞所致急性缺血性卒中患者行EVT治疗和单纯IVT治疗，在疗效及安全 性结局方面均无显著性差异。