美托洛尔治疗慢性心力衰竭患者68例临床疗效观察

目的:观察美托洛尔对慢性心力衰竭患者的症状、心功能及心室重塑的影响.方法:随机选择慢性心力衰竭患者[左心室舒张末期内径(LVDD)≥58 mm,左心室射血分数≤0.45,NYHA心功能Ⅱ～Ⅳ级]经治疗随访达8个月者共68例,包括治疗组38例[美托洛尔剂量平均为(42.075±12.100)mg/d(6.25 mg～25 mg/次,2次/日或3次/日)]和对照组30例.治疗8个月,观察美托洛尔对患者症状、心室重塑及心功能的影响.应用心脏彩色超声仪测定基线值及2个月、5个月、8个月左心室结构及功能指标变化.结果:经过8个月治疗,治疗组与对照组比较左心室射血分数升高,有极显著性差异(0.50±0.02 vs 0.41±0.02,P＜0.01),左心室收缩末期容积下降,有极显著性差异[(165.5±39.3)ml vs(183.1±39.3)ml,P＜0.01];治疗组治疗后与治疗前比较左心室舒张末期容积下降,亦有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论:在强心,利尿,血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂治疗基础上,应用美托洛尔能显著改善慢性心力衰竭患者的症状、心功能和心室重塑.     

琥珀酸美托洛尔控释片对充血性心力衰竭患者心室重构及心功能的影响

目的探讨琥珀酸美托洛尔控释片对慢性充血性心力衰竭患者心功能的影响。方法慢性充血性心力衰竭患者60例，心功能（NYHA）Ⅱ～Ⅳ级，常规治疗基础上随机分为治疗组和对照组。治疗6个月，治疗组给与琥珀酸美托洛尔控释片，观察其对心室重塑、心功能的影响。应用心脏彩色超声仪测定治疗前后左室结构及功能指标变化，临床评价心功能改善情况。结果治疗6个月，美托洛尔治疗组症状和心功能改善，与对照组比较左室射血分数上升[（36．1±1．9）％VS（29．5±1．70％，P〈0．01]、左室收缩末容积下降[（165．5±45．0）mlVS（181．0±44．0）ml，P〈0．05]；左室舒张末容积有下降趋势（P〈0．05）；但两组间无统计学差异。结论在强心、利尿、血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂基础上，应用琥珀酸美托洛尔控释片能显著改善充血性心力衰竭患者心功能，改善心室重塑。     

Effect of Adaptive Servoventilation on Muscle Sympathetic Nerve Activity in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure and Central Sleep Apnea

BackgroundAdaptive servoventilation (ASV) improves cardiac function and sympathetic nerve activity in patients with heart failure (HF). However, the mechanisms underlying these improvements remain obscure.Methods and ResultsWe compared muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and cardiorespiratory polygraphy and echocardiography findings at baseline and at 3.5 ± 0.8 months’ follow-up in 32 patients with HF (New York Heart Association functional class II or III; ejection fraction <45%) and central sleep apnea (CSA; apnea-hypopnea index [AHI] ≥15/h) who consented (n = 20; ASV group) or declined (n = 12; non-ASV group) to undergo ASV treatment. Compliance with ASV and changes in AHI were determined from data collected by integral counters in devices and from cardiorespiratory polygraphic findings, respectively. Ejection fraction and MSNA significantly changed in the ASV (both P < .001) but not the non-ASV group. Although changes in AHI and MSNA correlated, the average use of ASV did not. In contrast, changes in AHI and the average use of ASV were independent predictors of changes in ejection fraction (both P < .01).ConclusionsASV decreases MSNA and improves cardiac function in association with suppression of CSA in patients with HF.     

Guanabenz Combination Therapy Inhibits Sympathetic Nerve Activity and Regresses Left Ventricular Hypertrophy

The cardiovascular and sympatholytic effects of combination therapy with guanabenz were examined in 26 patients (48 ± 13 years old [mean ± SD]) with stage 2 and 3 hypertension. Included in the study were patients under treatment with conventional antihypertensive drugs whose systolic and diastolic blood pressure was above 140 and 90 mmHg, respectively. Blood pressure, heart rate, and sympathetic parameters such as plasma concentration of norepinephrine and muscle sympathetic nerve activity at rest as well as during ambulatory conditions, 24-hour urinary excretion of norepinephrine, and low frequency (LF: 0.04–0.15 Hz)/high frequency (HF: 0.15–0.4 Hz) power ratio as a marker of cardiac sympathetic activity during 24 hours were examined before and after guanabenz (4–8 mg/d) combination therapy with first-line antihypertensive drugs such as diuretics. Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was also calculated by conventional echocardiography. After 32 weeks of guanabenz combination therapy, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, plasma and urinary excretion of norepinephrine, muscle sympathetic nerve activity, and LF/HF power ratio were significantly decreased, while neither LF nor HF power was changed. LVMI was also significantly decreased (270 ± 81 vs. 236 ± 83 g/m², p < 0.005). These results indicate that guanabenz combination therapy inhibits sympathetic nerve activity under resting conditions as well as during ambulatory conditions and may accelerate regression of left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with moderate to severe hypertension.     

Right Ventricular Function and Beneficial Effects of Cardiac Rehabilitation in Patients With Systolic Chronic Heart Failure

Background

It has been recognized that a comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program improves mortality in patients with chronic heart failure. On the other hand, the magnitude of the improvement in exercise capacity after CR differs among individuals. The aim of this study was to assess the echocardiographic determinants of responders to CR using preload stress echocardiography.

左卡尼汀对缺血性心肌病心力衰竭患者神经内分泌因子、左室重构及心功能的影响

研究左卡尼汀对缺血性心肌病心力衰竭患者神经内分泌因子、左室重构及心功能的影响。方法：选择在2014 年11月～2016年3月由我院治疗的107名缺血性心肌病心力衰竭患者进行研究,并通过挂号数字单双分为观察与对照两组。对照组组患者给与常规治疗,观察组在此基础上增加左卡尼汀注射液治疗,记录比较两组患者的疗效、病症消除、神经内分泌因子以及超声心动图数据。结果：观察组患者总有效高于对照组[92.73%(51/55) vs70.91%(39/55)],观察组患者的水肿、乏力、气促和胸闷四项病症恢复状况更好,同时治疗后的CRP和ProBNP两项指标表达也低于对照组患者[(9.20&#177;2.16)mg/L vs(15.67&#177;2.09)mg/L]、[(304.29&#177;82.37)mg/L vs(422.68&#177;102.93)mg/L];治疗后的超声心动图检测结果来看,观察组患者的恢复状况也优于对照组患者,且所有对比指标差异均有统计学意义（P&lt;0.05）。结论：左卡尼汀能有效的抑制缺血性心肌病心力衰竭患者体内的CRP和pro-BNP的过度分泌,同时缓解患者水肿、乏力等病症,改善患者心室重构,提高患者身体机能     

Transcatheter Left Ventricular Restoration in Patients With Heart Failure

BackgroundLeft ventricular (LV) volume reshaping reduces myocardial wall stress and may induce reverse remodeling in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. The AccuCinch Transcatheter Left Ventricular Restoration system consists of a series of anchors connected by a cable implanted along the LV base that is cinched to the basal free wall radius. We evaluated the echocardiographic and clinical outcomes following transcatheter left ventricular restoration.Methods and ResultsWe analyzed 51 heart failure patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction between 20% and 40%, with no more than 2+ mitral regurgitation treated with optimal medical therapy, who subsequently underwent transcatheter left ventricular restoration. Serial echocardiograms, Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire scores, and 6-minute walk test distances were measured at baseline through 12 months. Primary analysis end point was change in end-diastolic volume at 12 months compared with baseline. Patients (n = 51) were predominantly male (86%) with a mean age of 56.3 ± 13.1 years. Fluoroscopy showed LV free wall radius decreased by a median of 9.2 mm amounting to a 29.6% decrease in the free wall arc length. At 12 months, the LV end-diastolic volume decreased by 33.6 ± 34.8 mL (P < .01), with comparable decreases in the LV end-systolic volume. These decreases were associated with significant improvements in the overall Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire score (16.4 ± 18.7 points; P < .01) and 6-minute hall walk test distance (45.9 ± 83.9 m; P < .01). There were no periprocedural deaths; through the 1-year follow-up, 1 patient died (day 280) and 1 patient received a left ventricular assist device (day 13).ConclusionsIn patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction without significant mitral regurgitation receiving optimal medical therapy, the AccuCinch System resulted in decreases of LV volume, as well as improved quality of life and exercise endurance. A randomized trial is ongoing (NCT04331769).     

左心室重构对扩张型心肌病心力衰竭近期死亡的意义

目的:研究左心室重构指标对扩张型心肌病心力衰竭近期死亡的估测价值.方法:随机选取扩张型心肌病心力衰竭患者103例,于入选当时行常规经胸心脏彩色多普勒超声心动图检查,测量左心房内径(LADs),左心室内径,左心室射血分数,球形指数等指标.所有患者随访1～12个月,平均(6.57±3.53)个月,记录死亡事件(死亡者为死亡组)及存活时间(存活者为存活组).对比死亡与存活者上述各指标的差异,并采取相关分析和多因素分析法筛选与近期死亡密切相关的指标.结果:在随访过程中,死亡21例,其中死于心力衰竭者17例.死亡组的患者其左心房收缩末期内径及左心室舒张末期内径明显扩大,球形指数-1显著大于存活组,有显著性差异(P＜0.05),同时收缩功能障碍和心功能分级也明显重于存活组.经Cox多因素回归分析,与生存时间相关的指标只有心功能分级(B＝0.833,P=0.024),LADs(B＝0.073,p=0.028)和球形指数-1 (B＝1.401,p=0.028),其中球形指数-1的相关性最大.结论:心功能分级、左心房收缩末期内径及左心室球形指数-1对扩张型心肌病心力衰竭的近期死亡有重要预测价值,其中评价左心室形态的球形指数-1价值最大,而衡量左心室大小及收缩功能的指标对近期死亡并无影响.     

Improved Right Ventricular Systolic Function After Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in Patients With Heart Failure

BackgroundSince the introduction of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) to improve left ventricular function, the effect of CRT on the right ventricle in patients with heart failure has not been well described.MethodsWe evaluated the effect of CRT on right ventricular systolic function in 20 patients (80% men; mean [SD] age, 58.5 [9.8] y) with cardiomyopathy and right ventricular systolic dysfunction (New York Heart Association class III or IV, left ventricular ejection fraction ≤35%, and QRS interval ≥120 ms). The median follow-up time was 15 months. Right ventricular systolic function, defined as a tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) index of 16 mm or less, was evaluated in patients before and after CRT.ResultsTwelve (60%) patients had ischemic cardiomyopathy, and 12 (60%) patients had left bundle branch block detected using surface electrocardiogram. The mean (SD) QRS duration was 160.5 (24.4) ms. From before CRT to the time of follow-up after CRT, the mean (SD) ejection fraction increased significantly from 22.5% (5.6%) to 29.4% (7.4%) (P < .001). The mean (SD) TAPSE index also increased significantly from 13.70 (1.78) mm to 16.50 (4.77) mm (P = .018). Eleven (55%) patients showed improved right ventricular systolic function (TAPSE ≥16 mm) after CRT. Patients with a favorable right ventricular response to CRT were significantly older (64.6 [8.2] y vs 53.6 [8.4] y, respectively) and more likely to have nonischemic origin of cardiomyopathy than were patients with unimproved right ventricular function (66.7% vs 18.2%, respectively).ConclusionOur findings indicate that CRT is associated with improved right ventricular systolic function in patients with heart failure and right ventricular systolic dysfunction. Patients with nonischemic heart disease more often show improved right ventricular function after CRT.     

Reversible Restrictive Left Ventricular Diastolic Filling With Optimized Oral Therapy Predicts a More Favorable Prognosis in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure

Objectives. We sought to assess whether in clinically stable patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) the prolongation (i.e., increase) of an initially short (≤125 ms) Doppler transmitral deceleration time (DT) of early filling obtained with long-term optimal oral therapy predicts a more favorable prognosis.

Background. It has been recently demonstrated that transmitral early DT is a powerful independent predictor of poor prognosis in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. However, DT may change over time according to loading conditions and medical treatment.

Method. One hundred forty-four patients with CHF and a short DT (≤125 ms) underwent repeat Doppler echocardiographic study 6 months after the initial examination, while clinically stable with optimal oral therapy, and were then followed up for a mean period of 26 ± 7 months.

Results. After 6 months, DT had not changed in 80 patients (group 1), whereas it was significantly prolonged (>125 ms) in the remaining 64 patients (group 2). Baseline Doppler echocardiographic features were similar in the two groups. No changes were found after 6 months in group 1, whereas group 2 showed a slight but significant (p < 0.01) reduction in end-systolic volume, an improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction (p < 0.01) and a decrease (p < 0.01) in the degree of tricuspid regurgitation. During follow-up, 37% of patients in group 1 experienced cardiac death versus 11% in group 2 (p < 0.0005). By Cox model analysis, prolongation of a short DT emerged as the single best predictor of survival (chi-square 15.70).

Conclusions. The prolongation of an initially short DT obtained with long-term optimal oral therapy predicts a more favorable outcome in clinically stable patients with CHF.     

大鼠心肌梗死后左心室重构、电重构和交感神经重构的关系

目的 应用超声心动图、免疫组织化学技术和电生理技术记录心肌梗死大鼠梗死周边区的有效不应期(ERP)及缝隙连接蛋白43(Cx43)改变,交感神经神经(TH)及神经生长因子(GAP43)改变,探讨心肌梗死大鼠心室重构、电重构及交感神经重构之间的关系.方法 将成年SD大鼠30只,随机分为假手术组和心肌梗死组.假手术组仅开胸,不结扎冠状动脉.结果 与假手术组相比,心肌梗死组LVIDd、LVIDs均显著增大(P＜0.01),EF和FS缩短率显著降低(P＜0.01).与假手术组相比,心肌梗死组梗死周边区ERP显著缩短,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).心肌梗死组Cx43阳性蛋白表达低于假手术组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).与假手术组相比,心肌梗死组GAP43阳性神经密度明显增加,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).心肌梗死组TH阳性神经密度不均一明显增加,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 大鼠心肌梗死后心室不但发生结构重构,同时也会发生神经重构和电重构,以及三者之间相互影响和共同作用导致恶性心律失常和猝死的发生.     

Measurement of Novel Biomarkers to Predict Chronic Heart Failure Outcomes and Left Ventricular Remodeling

Myocardial remodeling is pivotal in the progression and complication of chronic heart failure (HF). We assessed serial measurement of five biomarkers with biologic links to remodeling (biglycan, secreted frizzled-related protein 3, endostatin, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 [IGFBP7], mimecan) in 142 patients with HF followed through 882 office visits. IGFBP7 and mimecan were most associated with events; in fully adjusted models, lower IGFBP7 concentrations across visits independently predicted fewer events (odds ratio [OR]?=?0.83; 95 % confidence interval [CI]?=?0.73–0.95, p?=?0.01). Subjects with rising mimecan had greater decrease in left ventricular end diastolic (p?=?0.07) and systolic (p?=?0.01) volumes, greater increase in ejection fraction (p?=?0.02), and had lowest event rates. Statistical models suggested several HF medications might lead to changes in both IGFBP7 and mimecan values. The results suggest serial measurement of IGFBP7 provides prognostic information, while changes in mimecan provide unique information regarding myocardial remodeling.     

右房左室起搏治疗慢性心力衰竭伴室内传导阻滞患者的初步临床观察

观察右房 左室起搏治疗慢性心力衰竭 (简称心衰 )的临床效果。选择 1 6例充血性心衰患者 (NYHA分级Ⅲ Ⅳ级 ) ,男 1 0例、女 6例 ,年龄 6 8.4± 6岁 ;均为窦性心律 ,合并有Ⅰ度房室阻滞 ,完全性左束支阻滞。按安置起搏器的模式分为右房 左室起搏治疗组 (LV组 ,n =6 ) ,右房双室起搏治疗组 (BiV组 ,n =1 0 )。左室起搏电极分别放置于心大静脉左室侧后分支 9例 ,心大静脉左室后分支 7例。观察起搏治疗前后左室心功能参数、6min步行距离、左室壁运动的同步性及体表心电图的变化。结果 :BiV组左室射血分数 (LVEF)由术前的 0 .2 3提高至 0 .31 (P <0 .0 0 1 ) ;在LV组LVEF由术前的 0 .2 4提高至 0 .33(P <0 .0 0 1 ) ;左室舒张末期容积指数在二组分别由术前的 1 4 9± 5 1ml/m2 和 1 5 3±5 3ml/m2 下降至 1 1 6± 38ml/m2 和 1 2 1± 4 1ml/m2 (P均 <0 .0 0 1 ) ;室间隔与左室后壁运动的延迟时间在二组分别由术前的 1 95± 94ms和 1 97± 89ms下降至 1 7± 6 0ms及 1 6± 5 6ms(P均 <0 .0 0 1 )。 6min步行距离则分别由术前的4 0 3± 5 3m和 4 0 1± 5 9m提高至 4 4 1± 6 2m和 4 4 2± 6 7m(P均 <0 .0 5 )。结论 :初步临床观察提示右房 左室起搏治疗与右房双室起搏治疗相比 ,同样可有效地改善慢性心衰?     

右心房-左心室起搏治疗慢性心力衰竭伴室内传导阻滞患者的初步临床观察

目的观察右心房-左心室起搏治疗慢性心力衰竭的临床效果.方法选择16例慢性心力衰竭患者(NYHA分级Ⅲ～Ⅳ级),男10例,女6例,平均年龄68.4岁;均为窦性心律,合并有Ⅰ度房室传导阻滞,完全性左束支阻滞,QRS时限140～190ms,平均为(166.0±19.2)ms;左心室舒张末期内径平均为70.2mm,左心室射血分数平均为0.25.按安置起搏器的模式分为右心房-左心室起搏治疗组(LV组,n=6),右心房-双心室起搏治疗组(BiV组,n=10).所有患者术前均行逆行冠状静脉窦血管造影了解冠状静脉分支血管的分布情况,左心室起搏电极分别放置于心大静脉左心室侧后分支9例,心大静脉左心室后分支7例.观察起搏治疗前后左心室心功能参数、6 min步行距离、左心室壁运动的同步性及体表心电图的变化.结果BiV组患者LVEF由术前的24.6%提高到31.2%(P＜0.001);LV组LVEF由术前的23.9%提高到32.6%(P＜0.001);左心室舒张末期容积指数(LVEDVI)两组分别由心脏再同步化治疗(CRT)前的(149±51)ml/m2和(153±53)ml/m2下降至(116±38)ml/m2和(121±41)ml/m2(P＜0.001),下降幅度均达15%以上;表示心室运动同步性的超声指标示室间隔与左心室后壁运动的延迟时间(SPWMD)两组分别由CRT前的(195±94)ms(BiV组)和(197±89)ms(LV组)下降至(17±60)ms及(16±56)ms(P＜0.001).6 min步行距离则分别由CRT前的(403±53)m(BiV组)和(401±59)m(LV组)提高至(441±62)m和(442±67)m. 结论初步临床观察提示右心房-左心室起搏治疗与右心房-双心室起搏治疗相比,同样可有效地改善慢性心力衰竭伴心室内传导阻滞患者的心功能.