Spot Vision Screener视力筛查仪在儿童视力筛查中的应用分析

目的：通过对Spot Vision Screener视力筛查仪在儿童视力筛查中的应用探讨,寻求一种新型、可靠、方便的儿童屈光状况筛查方法。方法：对我院门诊进行筛查的2~9岁儿童共87例174眼进行屈光检查,并将结果与电脑显然验光结果进行对比。结果：Spot Vision Screener视力筛查仪与电脑显然验光结果对比,除右眼球镜值存在统计学差异外,两种方法测量的左眼球镜值、双眼柱镜值及柱镜轴向、双眼等效球镜值均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论：Spot Vision Screener视力筛查仪操作简单易行,儿童配合度好,不失为临床对儿童进行视力筛查的一种新方法。     

主观、客观儿童视力筛查的对比分析

目的 寻找一种客观、快速准确的儿童视力检测方法。方法 采用双盲法对常规对数视力表和suresight手持验光仪2种检查方法对304例儿童的视力检查进行对比分析。结果 初筛结果，主观检查法明显高于suresight手持验光仪检查组，两组间差异有显著性；最后确诊人数，两组间差异无显著性；伪阳性率，主观检查组明显高于suresight手持验光仪检查组，伪阴性率两组间差异无显著性。结论 儿童视力检查，客观检查法从准确性、检查速度、儿童的接受程度等诸多方面，较主观检查方法具有明显的优越性，虽然其中还存在一些不足，仍需在今后的使用过程中不断改进，但儿童视力筛选仪作为儿童视力筛查、检测手段，特别是对年龄小的儿童的视力检查，具有客观、准确、快速等优点，在儿童眼保健临床工作中推广、应用具有非常重要的价值。     

如何进行斜视和弱视筛查及远程会诊

要点 ·我国对学龄前儿童眼病筛查工作尚缺乏持续性 ·对0～12岁儿童的筛查分入户、幼儿园、小学检查三种方式进行 ·对不同年龄段的儿童用不同的方式进行检查.0～3岁幼儿可用光筛查仪等照相系统;3～6岁用儿童图形视力表或常规视力表;6～12岁儿童行常规视力检查.视力低于正常标准者散瞳验光 ·弱视、斜视筛查应进行标准化研究 ·远程医疗在特殊类型斜视诊断中具有一定的优越性     

Spot双目视力筛查仪和自动电脑验光仪在近视筛查中结果的比较

目的：:比较Spot双目视力筛查仪和自动电脑验光仪在近视筛查中结果的差异、相关性和一致性。方法：:横断面研究。采用分层随机方法抽取徐州某学校6～19岁的学生共500人,分别用Spot双目视力筛查仪（VS100,美国伟伦公司）和自动电脑验光仪（KR800,日本拓普康公司）进行验光检查。记录睫状肌麻痹（1%复方托吡卡胺眼药...     

南京市雨花台区3岁在园儿童视力和屈光状态的调查分析

目的:了解南京市雨花台区3岁在园儿童的视觉状况,分别进行城区和郊区、性别、视觉检测方法比较。方法:统一筛查标准,对雨花台区22所幼儿园1519例3岁在园儿童进行裸眼远视力、SureSight屈光筛查仪检查,并进行比较。结果:儿童1406例接受远视力表检查视力,异常检出率为12.30%。其中男童视力低常检出率为6.97%,女童5.33%。1 501例儿童接受SureSight屈光筛查仪检查屈光状态,屈光异常检出率为12.92%。城区儿童屈光异常检出率6.86%,郊区6.06%。结论:屈光不正是造成3岁在园儿童视力异常最常见的眼病。早发现、早干预是我们进一步有待完善的工作。     

国产HAR-800手持验光仪在学龄前儿童弱视筛查中的作用

目的:评估HAR-800手持自动验光仪筛查弱视的价值。方法:分析上海市静安区江宁街道7所托幼机构1027名学龄前儿童屈光检查结果和弱视关系,屈光检查通过HAR-800手持自动验光仪获得。绘制受试者屈光异常和弱视间的工作曲线,计算自动验光仪筛查弱视的敏感性、特异性、准确性和一致性。结果:其中44例儿童被确诊为弱视。屈光检查筛查弱视的ROC曲线图显示屈光参差、球镜、散光三个指标的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.92,0.89,0.21。屈光参差和球镜可以用作筛查弱视的指标。当屈光参差0.88D或远视在2.5D时作为弱视筛查的标准敏感性分别为77.3%,72.7%;特异性分别99%,98.8%;准确性分别为93.4%,93.3%;Kappa均大于0.4。结论:HAR-800手持验光仪可以用于学龄前儿童弱视的筛查。     

自动电脑验光仪与Plusoptix屈光筛查仪对北京市通州区小学生屈光筛查结果分析

目的 比较电脑验光仪与Plusoptix屈光筛查仪筛查小学生近视率的差异,分析两种仪器用于小学生屈光度筛查的一致性。方法 采取分层抽样选取北京市通州区五所小学的3～5年级学生,进行远视力、电脑验光仪、Plusoptix检查,得到两种方法测量的球镜和柱镜。近视筛查标准为裸眼视力小于5.0 (1.0)且非睫状肌麻痹下等效球镜<-0.50D。结果 共有3013名学生完成全部检查,男生1562人,女生1451人。电脑验光仪与Plusoptix测得的近视筛查率分别为34.72%和32.33%,两者有明显统计学差异,电脑验光仪的近视筛查率高于Plusoptix (P<0.0001)。在分层及性别比较中,电脑验光仪的近视筛查率也同样高于Plusoptix结果。电脑验光仪测得球镜为0 (-1.00,0.50) D,柱镜为-0.25 (-0.50,-0.25) D,Plusoptix测得球镜为0 (-1.25,0.25)D,柱镜为-0.25 (-0.50,-0.25) D。两种方法测得的屈光度数一致性检测的组内相关系数(ICC)较高,球镜ICC=0.95,柱镜ICC=0.88,等效球镜ICC...     

数码摄影验光法在儿童眼病与屈光异常普查中的应用

目的 探讨自行设计的数码摄影验光系统在儿童眼病和屈光异常诊治中的可行性和可靠性。方法 使用特殊光路设计的数码摄影系统对120例7个月到71个月的儿童进行视力筛查,使用计算机图像处理系统分析图片得出结果,与临床检查和阿托品眼膏散瞳验光结果对比,并以标准分析法进行评估。结果 数码摄影验光系统视力筛查在远视、近视、散光、屈光参差及斜视的灵敏度分别为87．62％、93．94％、80．77％、84．62％、91．67％;特异度分别为96．80％、97．46％、96．71％、99．07％、100％。结论 数码摄影验光系统视力筛查是一种安全、快速、经济、有效的儿童眼病筛查方法。较常规检查能更早地发现儿童眼病及屈光异常。     

Spot双目视力筛查仪在儿童屈光筛查中的应用效果分析

目的 探讨Spot双目视力筛查仪在儿童屈光筛查中的临床应用效果。方法 将2021年5月至2022年5月在南通市妇幼保健院眼科门诊就诊的儿童分为两个年龄段,3～6岁和>6岁,每个年龄段150例(300眼),Spot双目视力筛查仪屈光筛查和睫状肌麻痹检影验光,四格表计算Spot双目视力筛查仪的判读结果灵敏度、特异度和准确度。秩和检验计算两者测量数值差异,线性回归分析两者相关性。Bland-Altman方法评估两者一致性。结果 Spot双目视力筛查仪在3～6岁组灵敏度、特异度和准确度分别为74.32%、94.74%、84.67%,>6岁组分别为78.23%、80.77%、78.67%。3～6岁组Spot双目视力筛查仪较检影验光低估了球镜值(Z=-13.735,P<0.01)及等效球镜(Z=-14.232,P<0.01),高估了柱镜值(Z=-8.562,P<0.01)。在>6岁组Spot双目视力筛查仪较检影验光低估了等效球镜(Z=-4.172,P<0.01),高估了球镜值(Z=-4.051,P<0.01)及柱镜值(Z=-13.193,P<0...     

Plusoptix屈光筛查仪在儿童屈光筛查中的应用

目的 比较Plusoptix屈光筛查和散瞳验光结果之间的差异和相关性,评价Plusoptix屈光筛查仪在儿童屈光筛查中的应用.方法 回顾性分析.儿童214人(428眼),使用Plusoptix筛查仪进行屈光筛查,随后睫状肌麻痹检影验光.检查结果进行等效球镜度(SE)计算和水平轴及45度轴处的Jackson cross-...     

Strabisme Alternant - Etude clinique - traitement

The author defines motor and sensory alternation: the term alternation should not be used in isolation, it should always be accompanied by the name of the parameter concerned. Sensory alternation is always found together with motor alternation but the reverse is not true.The examining criteria for a diagnosis of sensory alternation are given, sensory alternation must not be confused with alternating inhibition. Working from clinical observations of cases of motor alternating strabismus, the author selects 2 types of binocular sensory relations which allow one to differentiate between:- cases of primary alternating strabismus- cases of secondary alternating strabismusThese forms will develop in different ways; in both cases a cure is possible providing that the right treatment is prescribed and once prescribed carefully followed, etc. It is always a case of serious forms of strabismus whose developmental period is spread over several years.According to the authors, the frequency of cases of true primary strabismus is from 1–3%, the frequency of cases of secondary alternating strabismus varies according to the type of therapy practised on cases of monocular strabismus with amblyopia. These latter will become cases of alternating strabismus under the influence of certain types of therapy carried out over several years (penalization, rocking, alternated occlusion, etc...).Experimental data on kittens confirm clinical data; kittens placed in abnormal environments during the sensitive period will show modification in the distribution of cortical cells and the absence of binocular cells (either because the excitation of the two eyes was not simultaneous, or not identical: artificial strabismus, occlusion, opaque glasses). This disturbances become irreversible after a certain period of exposure (a function of age, length of exposure, etc...).It is thus necessary to bear in mind: 1) the iatrogenic risks of certain orthoptic treatments, 2) the necessity for a binocular form of treatment as soon as possible, as once a certain stage is passed, cortical plasticity diminishes and the elaboration of normal binocular relations becomes impossible.

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Effects of Adenosine Agonists on Intraocular Pressure and Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Cynomolgus Monkeys

The effects of single or multiple topical doses of the relatively selective A₁adenosine receptor agonists (R)-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) and N⁶-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) on intraocular pressure (IOP), aqueous humor flow (AHF) and outflow facility were investigated in ocular normotensive cynomolgus monkeys. IOP and AHF were determined, under ketamine anesthesia, by Goldmann applanation tonometry and fluorophotometry, respectively. Total outflow facility was determined by anterior chamber perfusion under pentobarbital anesthesia. A single unilateral topical application of R-PIA (20–250 μg) or CHA (20–500 μg) produced ocular hypertension (maximum rise=4.9 or 3.5 mmHg) within 30 min, followed by ocular hypotension (maximum fall=2.1 or 3.6 mmHg) from 2–6 hr. The relatively selective adenosine A₂antagonist 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX, 320 μg) inhibited the early hypertension, without influencing the hypotension. Neither 100 μg R-PIA nor 500 μg CHA clearly altered AHF. Total outflow facility was increased by 71% 3 hr after 100 μg R-PIA. In conclusion, the early ocular hypertension produced by topical adenosine agonists in cynomolgus monkeys is associated with the activation of adenosine A₂receptors, while the subsequent hypotension appears to be mediated by adenosine A₁receptors and results primarily from increased outflow facility.