影响夜交藤红色素稳定性的因子研究

为生产各种食用品、化妆品、医药药品等色素新产品提供重要原料，研究夜交藤缸色素的提取条件和稳定性。以水作提取剂，在室温下浸提24小时，用紫外分析法研究色素的稳定性。色素在330nm有最大吸收峰，该色素水溶性较好·pH值对色素的稳定性影响较大，但热稳定性良好。苯甲酸钠、柠檬酸、醋酸、蔗糖及葡萄糖等食品添加利，对色素无明显影响，淀粉对其影响较大，耐光性较差。氧化剂、还原剂中除抗坏血酸对色素的影响明显外，其他均无明显影响。金属离子对其影响较小。     

临床血液需求影响因素及作用关系研究

目的 通过对苏州地区血液需求影响因素及相互作用进行分析，研究关键影响因子对短期、中长期、突发应急期血液需求的影响关系，为构建预测误差小、具备实践指导作用的血液需求预测模型提供研究基础。方法 通过文献调研法，初步确定血液需求的影响因素。通过德尔菲法，设计调研问卷发放相关专家，对调研结果进行因子分析，获取关键影响因子。结果 通过文献调研得出影响临床血液需求的19个影响因素，包括政策因素、医疗服务需求、医学技术水平、区域人口总量、人群特征、人口结构、医疗资源情况、医院床位数、年急诊床位数、床位数、文化因素、自然环境因素、开展手术情况、区域外患者、不同疾病科室用血情况、血液输注情况、时间趋势变动、突发事故和灾难、受灾情况、灾区医院诊疗能力受限。通过德尔菲法及数据分析，得到影响血液需求的6个关键影响因子，包括突发灾难因子、医疗资源因子、环境因子、人口因子、床位数因子、血液输注因子。结论 关键影响因子对临床血液需求的影响分为多个层次结构。其中，血液输注因子、突发灾难因子为短期影响因素；医疗资源因子、人口因子、床位数因子等因素为中期影响因素；环境因子为长期影响因素。短期、中期、长期影响因素均会对临床...     

癌痛对患者生存质量影响的调查与护理对策

目的 调查癌痛对癌症患生存质量的影响。方法 疼痛采用疼痛评估标尺（VAS）评估疼痛对生存质量影响。结果 调查104例癌症住院患的疼痛对其生存质量的影响，显示76．92％患有不同程度的疼痛，中重度疼痛中以消化道肿瘤较多。结论 无论是轻度痛、中度痛、重度痛、均可影响食欲、睡眠、日常生活、与人交往、躯体运动、精神状态、工作，且随着程度的加重，影响也加重。     

疼痛对癌症患者生活质量影响的观察

目的 探讨癌痛对患生活质量的影响及疼痛治疗对癌症患生活质量影响的理论依据。方法 对70例晚期癌症疼痛的患进行癌痛治疗前后生活质量问卷调查，包括躯体、心理和社会人际关系等方面。结果 轻度疼痛对患的生活质量影响较小，而中、重度疼痛对患的生活质量影响明显增大。对镇痛治疗有效生活质量有较大改善。结论 疼痛是癌症患的主要症状之一。疼痛对机体的躯体、精神心理、社会人际关系等方面均可产生不同程度的影响，全面影响患的生活质量，有效的镇痛治疗可明显改善患的生活质量。护士对患进行有关疼痛知识的宣教，在工作中寻求各种方法减轻患的疼痛，是提高癌症患生活质量的重要措施之一。     

药物对检验医学结果的影响

目的探讨药物对检验医学结果影响机制与应对措施。方法分析药物对检验医学的影响。结果药物本身的药理作用、不良反应、相互作用等均可影响检验医学结果。结论了解和研究药物对检验结果造成影响的因素，采取应对措施可以给临床提供更科学、更准确地解释和判断结果，对提高医疗质量，保证临床诊断符合率，改进检验方法具有重要意义。     

护士心理脱离研究进展

综述心理脱离的概念、测量工具、影响因素以及对临床工作的影响，提出提高心理脱离水平的措施，国内学者应增加对护士心理脱离的研究深度，着重增加其对病人结局影响的研究。     

黄连解毒汤不同配伍对黄芩苷含量的影响

为了研究中药不同配伍对中药有效成分含量的影响，实验选用黄连解毒汤为研究对象，采用L8（2）^7正交设计，以反相高效液相色谱法（RP-HPLC）测定各配伍组合提取物中黄芩苷的含量，探索黄连解毒汤中各药物不同配伍对黄芩苷含量的影响。各组黄芩苷含量测定结果采用SPSS11．5统计软件进行统计分析。结果表明不同中药配伍对药物成分可以产生极大的影响，本实验中，黄连、黄柏、栀子及黄连黄柏的交互作用对黄芩苷的含量差异有显著影响，其中黄连、黄柏及黄连黄柏的交互作用使黄芩苷的含量降低，栀子使黄芩苷的含量提高，黄连与栀子，黄柏与栀子的两两交互作用对黄芩苷的含量影响差异不显著。结果显示：黄连解毒汤配伍中黄连、黄柏对黄芩的有效成分黄芩苷的含量有显著的降低作用，而栀子对黄芩苷有增加溶出的作用，且对减轻黄连、黄柏对黄芩苷溶出的影响有抑制作用。     

心理学在护理工作中的应用

临床护理工怍中，对患者的生理、病理变化关注较多，而对易于影响疾病发展和预后的心理因素常易忽略。近年来，我们对心理因素对疾病的影响进行分析，并提出有针对性的心理护理。现报告如下。1 心理因素对疾病的影响 生理学已经证明，通过第二信号系统的影响，能引起机体内部的各种变化，如乐观、坚定、开朗、兴奋等积极的心理变化，可以促进内分泌、机体代谢、血液循环、消化功能等有益的变化，精神创伤、悲观、失望、过度紧张等常可促使疾病趋向于恶化。正常生理状态下，情志变化是以人体脏腑机能为基础的，人的“五脏化五气，以喜、怒、思、忧、恐”。失常的心理活动，也易破坏人体内环境的气化功能的稳定状态，而使疾病发生。     

不同水氟浓度对人体血清免疫球蛋白含量的影响

地氟病是一种对人体危害较严重的地方病，全国除上海外，其余各省、市、自治区均有本病的流行。氟对人体各系统的景点报导很多，但对人体免疫功能的影响，尤其对人体免疫球蛋白的影响报导甚少。我们通过对不同水氟浓度区人群血清中免疫球蛋白IgA、IgG含量的测定，以期得到不同水氟浓度对人体血清中免疫球蛋白含量的影响。     

副波长的选择对HK法测定血糖的影响

探讨副波长的选择对日立7060全自动生化分析仪己糖激酶（HK）法测血糖的影响，尤其是探讨对溶血、脂血、黄疸标本的影响。选择不同的副波长对三种类型的标本和正常标本血清进行测定，结果经统计发现，副波长宽度的选择对正常标本血清的影响无显著性差异（P＞0.05)，而对溶血、脂血、黄疸血清影响有显著性差异（P＜0.05)，对溶血标本的影响最大（P＜0.01)。因此对HK法测定血糖选择好副波长意义非常重要。     

新生儿舒适护理研究进展

阐述了体位对早产儿呼吸系统、胃肠道功能及心理的影响,沐浴、体温测量对新生儿皮肤有影响。提出保护性措施可减轻对患儿的伤害,提高其舒适度。     

父母婚姻关系对子女心理行为影响的研究近况

综述了父母婚姻关系对子女心理行为的影响,父母婚姻不和、婚姻冲突可以直接或间接导致子女出现多种心理行为问题,阐述了父母婚姻关系影响子女心理行为的机制.     

“But it worked for my mother’s cat”. Some common misconceptions about anecdotal evidence

As evidence-based veterinary nursing is becoming a more common concept in veterinary practice, RVNs will more often be presented with anecdotal evidence by owners presenting to their practice. It is important that RVNs understand some of the issues associated with anecdotal and testimonial evidence and why these are not a suitable basis for decisions, so that they make decisions based on the best-available evidence and can attempt to educate clients. This article explains some of the issues surrounding anecdotal and testimonial evidence to support RVNs in their quest to practice based on evidence.     

妇科手术病人家庭支持与护理干预

综述了妇科手术病人的心理特征以及家庭支持 ,尤其是丈夫的态度及认知对病人产生的影响。提出满足妇科手术病人的家庭需要、体现人文关怀以及护理干预方法     

Helping Children of Aged Parents Achieve Filial Maturity

Clinical nurse specialists working for a county nursing home made preadmission home visits as one of their functions to determine individuals in need of placement. The elderly were prioritized with the use of a rating scale according to their need for 24-hour nursing care. These home visits helped to identify certain problems in the aged. It was evident that the identification and possible resolution of some of these problems depended on the accomplishment of the developmental task of filial maturity on the part of the children, or on the children understanding that they can no longer depend on their parents but, rather, that their parents may need them (Blenkner, 1965). This article suggests that nurses working in the community should assess the elderly's middle-aged children for their level of filial maturity. It is also suggested that the accomplishment of this developmental task can clearly help families identify the appropriateness of nursing home placement or life in the community with support from area resources.     

Trial-and-error ethics: experimenting with non-heartbeating cadaver organ donation.

It seems commendable that Michael A. DeVita and James V. Snyder, and the physicians, nurses, and Ethics Committee of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) on whose behalf they write, continually and publicly reflect on the policy they have enacted to obtain organs from non-heartbeating cadaver donors, and that they are willing to change their procedures in the light of their experiences with their protocol for this type of transplant, and the criticisms of it they have invited. It is also disquieting because, in effect, the Medical Center is engaged in trial-and-error experimentation with some features of the protocol that, from the outset, should not have been a part of it, and with certain revisions of the protocol that are as questionable as what has been modified. Is it really as virtuous as it appears, then, for UPMC health professionals and Ethics Committee members to constantly reevaluate and alter their policy for non-heartbeating organ donation, and for their spokespersons to issue one report after another containing their latest thoughts and actions in this regard?     

Strengthening policy research and development through foreign aid: the case of reducing deforestation and forest degradation in Indonesia

ABSTRACT

This paper discusses work carried out in Indonesia to strengthen research capacity and support policy development for the implementation of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change’s mechanism for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+). It addresses the questions: in an apparently receptive policy environment, what are the challenges facing the adoption of recommendations generated by policy research funded by foreign-funded projects, and what are the implications for the evaluation of the research? The paper reflects on some of the key research findings, on the contributions that capacity building for research can make to policy development, and on some of the challenges faced by policy-focused research projects and their assessment. It shows that many factors can influence the adoption of policy recommendations generated by research, leading to significant challenges for the evaluation of policy research activities.     

加强合同制护士管理势在必行

针对在聘合同制护士队伍中存在的问题,对110名在聘合同制护士的择业动机、职业心态、未来设想进行调查,发现他们的择业动机复杂,存有理想和现实的冲突,对未来缺乏信心。提出应加强合同制护士的管理,优化合同制护士的择业动机,满足合同制护士的尊重需求,提高合同制护士的职业素质,引导合同制护士的自我认同。     

Characterization of a group of hospitalized elderly women and their caretakers keeping in mind the care after hospital discharge

In the present study 50 old women interned in a medical treatment unity and their respective caregivers were studied. It was verified that most of the women preseted various dependencies and, thErefore, they needed the presence of a caregiver for their survival. The caregivers, most of them female, belonged to the old women's family, had some scholarship degree and pointed out several difficulties en caring for the women. It is verified, consequently, that during hospitalization there is the need to take measures aiming at preparing the caregiver to take on the complex aid required by the old person, especially after hospital discharge.     

The oil crisis,risk and evidence-based practice

Evidence-based practice has risen to prominence over the last 20 years. Different professions have taken it up in different ways and for different purposes. It has been seen as holding both threats and advantages to professionalising endeavours and professional identity. It has engendered controversy but some criticisms of it have been unconvincing. It is possible to account for its rise as a response to tightening financial constraints on state spending in the west, as a sign of a culture increasingly concerned with risk, distrust of professionals and experts, as well as a way for professionals themselves to maintain control over their activity in the face of growing managerialism. This paper reviews the literature of some of the movement's proponents as well as criticism from various professional groups. It concludes that more useful than either arguing for or against it, is to understand the policy background and sociological reasons for its emergence and spread.