食管心房调搏对房室传导功能的电生理研究

目的 通过食管心房调搏术测定房室传导系统的电生理参数来判断房室传导功能及其影响因素.方法 以心动过缓测窦房结、房室传导功能和心动过速查因的患者124例为研究对象,行食管心房调搏检查.入选者均于术前行常规及动态心电图,停用抗心律失常药物5个半衰期.并对74例经食管心房调搏房室传导功能降低的患者,进行阿托品试验,试验前后对照分析.结果 食管心房调搏对房室传导阻滞的检出率明显高于心电图及动态心电图.其中69例静推阿托品后显著改善,仅5例静推阿托品后无明显改善,而植入起搏器治疗.并有1例静注阿托品后诱发出房室结折返性心动过速.结论 食管心房调搏可在早期发现并鉴别诊断功能性和病理性房室传导阻滞,具有重要的临床价值.     

经食管调搏诱发左侧旁道并房室结加速传导心动过速

探讨左侧旁道 (LAP)并房室结加速传导 (EAVNC)心动过速 (TA)经食管诱发方式的影响 ,对 5 9例突发突止TA患者作食管心房调搏和心内电生理检查。结果有 18例具有房室结加速传导 ,SR间期轻度延长 ,诱发室上性心动过速 (SVT)的方法与无EAVNC患者具有不同的刺激模式。结论 :当心房起搏频率≥ 2 0 0次 /分 ,房室传导是 1∶1,需更强的S1S2 S3 或Burst法才能诱发SVT ,这样可避免遗漏左侧隐匿性旁道的诊断 ,前向 1∶1传导的AH间期是决定LAP并EAVNC顺向型房室折返性心动过速频率的重要因素。     

经食管心房调搏诱发及终止预激综合征房室折返性心动过速的研究

目的探讨经食管心房调搏诱发和终止预激综合征阵发性房室折返性心动过速的价值.方法对30例预激综合征患者行食管心房调搏程控刺激.结果经食管心房调搏对房室折返性心动过速的诱发率,典型预激综合征A型与B型差异无显著意义(P＞0.05),典型预激综合征与詹姆斯型预激综合征差异则有非常显著意义(P＜0.05).心房刺激诱发顺向型房室折返性心动过速的关键因素是旁道有效不应期大于房室交接区有效不应期.结论典型预激综合征的类型对诱发房室折返性心动过速无明显影响;诱发的关键因素是旁道有效不应期大于房室交接区有效不应期;猝发法是终止发作的最有效方法之一,转复成功率接近100%.     

食管心房调搏诱发与终止房室折返性心动过速的研究

目的探讨经食管心房调搏诱发与终止房室折返性心动过速的价值。方法选择255例有心动过速发作史,并且既往心电图证实有阵发性室上性心动过速(PSVT)的患者行食管心房调搏检查。结果在被检的255例患者中诱发房室折返性心动过速229例,占89.8%(其中顺向型217例,占94.8%,逆向型12例,占5.2%)。诱发成功的最佳刺激方法为程序期前刺激法(S1S2、S1S2S3),诱发率为88.2%。诱发的必备条件是旁路有效不应期长于房室结有效不应期。在诱发房室折返性心动过速的229例中215例经电刺激成功终止,转复为窦性心律,成功率为93.9%,其中64例采用短阵快速刺激一次性成功终止,转复成功率达100%。结论食管心房调搏能有效地诱发与终止房室折返性心动过速,诱发顺向型房室折返性心动过速的关键因素是旁路不应期大于房室结有效不应期,终止发作的最有效的刺激方法为短阵快速刺激。本法可作为急诊终止阵发性室上性心动过速的首选方法。     

Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞伴房室结折返性心动过速一例

完全性房室(室房)传导阻滞者合并房室结内折返性心动过速实属罕见。房室结折返性心动过速其折返环主要在房室结和/或周围组织,心房、心室并不参与折返性心动过速,因此,在房室结折返性心动过速时,偶尔可发现室房2:1传导,甚至房室2:1传导,这也证明了心房、心室不参与折返性心动过速。本例患者心脏电生理检查显示:房室结折返时经His束下传到心室,形成房室结折返性心动过速,由于房室结-心房阻滞,所以才伴房室(室房)分离,即Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞。鉴于该患者既有心动过缓又有心动过速,治疗上需综合考虑。在植入起搏器之前,先行房室结改良术,然后再植入双腔起搏器。     

房室传导的间隙现象

应用经食管左心房调搏技术对16例病人进行心房程序扫描早搏刺激检测房室结前向传导功能。结果发现房室传导间隙现象6例,其中房室传导双间隙现象1例。     

房室结折返性心动过速伴房室阻滞的心脏电生理特点

目的利用食管法心脏电生理检查探讨房室结折返性心动过速伴房室阻滞的电生理特点。方法回顾分析经食管法电生理检查中房室结折返性心动过速伴房室阻滞18例患者的资料。结果房室结折返性心动过速伴房室阻滞主要表现为2:1房室阻滞,多在诱发开始时出现数秒至数分钟,也可呈持久性存在,2:1传导转为1:1传导时多经过一过性3:2文氏传导并伴一过性束支阻滞。结论P波极向及P波与QRS波群的关系特点是房室结折返性心动过速伴2:1房室阻滞的诊断依据。以此排除房室折返性心动过速,并注意与房速相鉴别。     

房室结／隐匿性旁道折返性心动过速食管调搏诊断指标的评价

为提高食管调搏对折返性心动过速的诊断准确率,对30例房室结折返性心动过速和35例隐匿性旁道折返性心动过速作食管调搏(该65例诊断结果与射频消蚀诊断一致率为98.5%).结果显示:电刺激重复诱发和终止以及心动过速时R-P/P-R<1诊断两型的必备指标;室上速第1个P-R间期<240ms、房室结双径路、R-P间期<70ms或>95ms、P_(v_1)-P_E时距≥25ms、P与QRS重叠、QRS后逆行P等是鉴别两型的综合指标.认为食管调搏多指标综合分析对诊断两型折返性心动过速及指导治疗有重要意义.     

食管心房调搏诊断室上性心动过速的临床研究

为探讨食管心房调搏揭示室上性心动过速发生机制的价值和局限性,回顾性分析成功射频导管消融的１３８例隐匿性单房室旁道参与的顺向型房室折返性心动过速和１００例单一类型房室结折返性心动过速的食管心房调搏结果。结果显示：前１３８例中,３例前间隔旁道引起者食管心房调搏均诊断为房室结折返性心动过速余为左右侧其它部位的旁道,诊断正确。后１００例中,５例为慢－慢型,２例为快－慢型,食管心房调搏均诊断为房室折返性心动     

房室结双径路食管法电生理分析

房室结双径路（DAVNP）心脏电生理检查中常见现象,也是房室结内折返性心动过速的主要原因之一。本文通过食道心房调搏中显示DAVNP传导患者的电生理分析,探讨DAVNP与迷走神经张力的关系。     

Crossed atrioventricular connection with straddling of the right atrioventricular valve

We describe one patient with crossed atrioventricular connection in situs inversus, concordant atrioventricular connection, double outlet right ventricle, and straddling of the right atrioventricular valve. Angiographic features are analyzed, pointing out the importance of selective angiography in order to define the atrioventricular and ventriculoarterial connections. The utility of bidimensional echocardiographic study before cardiac catheterization is emphasized in order to know the associated malformations.     

Atresia of the right atrioventricular orifice with atrioventricular concordance.

Three hearts are described in which a fibrous membrane was interposed between the right atrium and a formed but hypoplastic right ventricle, which possessed recognisable inlet, trabecular, and infundibular components. In these hearts the distribution of the conducting tissue was as expected for concordant atrioventricular connections, and contrasts with that seen in the classical type of ''tricuspid atresia''. The distinctive morphological and histological features of these specimens lend further support to our view that the majority of cases of atresia of the right atrioventricular orifice should be regarded as coming within the designation of ''the univentricular heart''.     

Functional state of atrioventricular conduction and inducibility of atrioventricular reciprocal tachycardia

Programmed transesophageal electrical stimulation was used to examine 733 rural inhabitants aged 16 to 70 years. Conduction dissociation along the atrioventricular node was revealed in 65 (8.8%) of the examinees, out of them 12 had induced paroxysms of atrioventricular nodal tachycardia. Atrioventricular tachycardia involving the accessory anomalous pathways was provoked in 10 subjects. Among them 2 had apparent, 1, latent, and 7, obscure forms of the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. The induced paroxysms of atrioventricular tachycardias were sustained in 45.5% of the cases. Only 50% of the subjects had clinical signs of tachycardia in their medical histories.