趾动脉终末支岛状皮瓣重塑再造指外形

目的 研究趾动脉终末支岛状皮瓣重塑再造指外形的可行性.方法 2008年3月至2009年12月,对17例(19指)手指缺损游离足趾移植再造的患者,术中同时采用足趾趾动脉终末支岛状皮瓣转移嵌入第二趾颈部,消除因该部位狭窄导致的再造指外形的缺陷.结果 术后再造19指及嵌入趾颈部狭窄处皮瓣全部存活,供受区伤口Ⅰ期愈合.随访时间为6～17个月,平均8个月.再造指外形得到明显改善,指腹感觉恢复良好,两点分辨觉为8～12 mm.结论 应用趾动脉终末支岛状皮瓣重塑再造手指外形,解决了再造指指腹膨大和掌侧颈部狭窄的外形缺陷,临床疗效较好.

Abstract：

Objective To study the feasibility of using toe artery terminal branch island flap for remodeling and reconstruction of finger shape. Methods From March 2008 to December 2009,19 fingers of 17 cases that were reconstructed by toe transfer had the toe artery terminal branch island flap inserted in the neck of the second toe during the toe transfer surgery to correct the appearance deficit caused by the narrow area. Results All 19 reconstructed fingers and the inserted toe artery terminal branch island flaps survived after the surgery. Donor site wound had primary healing. Postoperative follow-up lasted 6 to 17 months,with an average of 8 months. The appearance of reconstructed fingers was greatly improved. There was good recovery of pulp sensation,with two-point discrimination being 8 to 12 mm. Patients feel quite satisfied. Conclusion Toe artery terminal branch island flap corrects the deficit in appearance of fingers the palm side of the finger.     

足趾移植再造手指术后外形的整形

目的 探讨足趾移植再造手指术后外形的整形方法.方法 自2002年至今,对手指缺损采用第二足趾移植再造手指术后,伴有指腹、指体、指甲畸形的65例77指,联合应用骨、肌腱、局部皮瓣等显微外科方法,整形再造指的外形.结果 术后再造指外形都得到一定的纠正,再造指外形满意,功能改善.术后再造指感觉无影响.结论 足趾移植再造手指术后指腹、指体、指甲的外形畸形,通过显微外科技术进行整形能改善其外形和功能.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the methods of correcting malformation of reconstructed fingers in toe-to-hand transfer. Methods In a series of 77 reconstructed fingers in 65 cases of second toe-to-hand transfer since 2002,deformities of finger pulp,shaft or fingernail were present. Plastic interventions included inserting local fasciocutaneous flap and adjusting the bone and tendon of the reconstructed fingers with microsurgical techniques. Results The deformities were corrected and outward appearance was improved. Function of the fingers was improved while the sensation was not compromised. Conclusion Plastic intervention using microsurgical techniques to correct malformation of finger pulp,body and fingernail can improve the appearance and function of reconstructed fingers.     

Combined index finger pollicization with an anterolateral thigh flap for thumb reconstruction

A severe crush injury to the hand is devastating to patients. Under conditions in which the crush force is too great, the digits are not viable candidates for replantation. We present two cases in which the patients suffered from loss of the thumb ray at the first carpometacarpal joint and skin defect at the radial side. The tendons, radial nerve and metacarpal bone of the index finger were injured, and the second metacarpal head was retained. There was a comminuted fracture of the trapezium in both patients. The treatment protocols consisted of the index finger pollicization and the free anterolateral thigh flap transfer. The procedure was performed in a single operation. The new thumb is able to provide a stable post for pinch and grip after six months follow-up. Both patients were satisfied with the function and appearance of the reconstructed thumb.     

重度开放性Pilon骨折的治疗

Objective To discuss the operative methods, timing and outcomes of severe open Pilon fractures. Methods From April 2003 to July 2008, 21 patients with open Pilon fractures were admitted. All the patients were type C fracture according to AO/OTA classification, including 17 cases of type C2 and 4 cases of type C3. According to Gustilo classification, there were 18 cases of type Ⅱ, 2 cases of type ⅢA, 1 case of type ⅢB. The patients were treated in two different ways: one-stage minimally invasive osteosynthesis for reconstruction of the articular surface with transarticular external fixation of the ankle (19 cases),which included 16 cases of Gustilo Ⅱ AO/OTA C2, 2 cases of type Gustilo Ⅱ AO/OTA C3 and 1 case of type Gustilo ⅢA AO/OTA C2. Formal open reconstruction of the articular surface by plating and external fixation was performed when the condition of soft tissue had improved (2 cases), which included 1 cases of type Gustilo ⅢA AO/OTA C3 and 1 cases of type Gustilo Ⅲ B AO/OTA C3. Results All the patients were followed up from 6 to 48 months, with the mean of 24 months. The outcome of reduction was evaluated by the Burwell-Charnley score. Anatomical reduction was found in 6 cases, function reduction was in 14 cases and poor reduction was 1 case. The heal-time ranged from 2.5 to 11 months, with the mean of 4.7 months. The delayed union occurred in 2 cases. The rate of delayed union was 9.5%. Two patients experienced skin superficial necrosis. There were superficial infection in 2 cases and deep infection in 1 case. The infection rate was 14.3%. Eight cases experienced early traumatic arthritis. The incidence of this complication was 38.1%.According to American Orthopedic Foot Ankle Society (AOFAS) scale for ankle joint, the result of the treatment was 66-94, with an average of 85.2. Conclusion It is important to have the optimal timing of surgery and reliable fixation according to fracture classification, the condition of soft tissue and time after injury. It is the key to evaluate the condition of soft tissue and protect the blood supply.     

Distal end radius fractures: evaluation of results of various treatments and assessment of treatment choice

Objective：The rapid expansion of knowledge regarding the functional anatomy of hand and wrist,increasing functional demands of senior citizens and improved methodologies of achieving and maintaining anatomic restoration of distal radius fractures has generated a renewed interest in addressing these fractures in a more precise manner.The purpose of our study was to evaluate the difference in patients function among those treated by 1） closed reduction and Plaster of Paris cast,2） distractor application,or 3） open reduction and internal fixation with a volar plate,and to assess the treatment choice for each particular fracture type.Methods：A prospective study was carried out on 60 patients with fractures of the distal end radius.Fractures were classified according to the AO classification into type A （extra-articular）,type B （partial articular） and type C （complete articular）.After initial evaluation patients were taken up for either conservative or operative treatment and were followed up for two years.Results：Anatomical results were evaluated according to the Sarmiento＇s modification of Lindstrom Criteria,which showed that excellent results were more frequent with open reduction and internal fixation using the plating technique.Clinical and functional results were evaluated according to the demerit point system of Gartland and Werley with Sarmiento modification,which was revealed to relate with the type of treatment techniques.Conclusion：There is no customized solution for all the fractures of the distal radius.The choice of treatment should be based on the fracture type,the patient＇s characteristics,the patient＇s demands and the treating surgeon＇s experience and preference.     

改良第二掌背动脉皮瓣修复示中指中末节套脱伤

Objective To investigate the operative procedure and the clinical results of the modified reversed island flap based on the second dorsal metacarpal artery (SDMA) for repairing index or long finger degloving defects.Methods From May 2004 to January 2010, circumferential soft tissue defect in the middle and distal phalanx of the index or long fingers in 17 patients were repaired by the modified reversed island flaps based on SDMA.The dorsal digital nerve in the flap was coapted to the severed proper digital nerve.The area of the flaps ranged from 2.5 cm × 5.6 cm to 5.0 cm × 6.5 cm.The donor sites were closed by skin graft.Results Postoperatively blister and necrosis of the distal flap occurred in 2 cases which was cured by dressing change.All the other flaps survived uneventfully.Primary healing of the flaps and donor sites was achieved.All 17 patients were follow-up for 4 to 27 months with an average of 15.3 months.The flaps were pliable, full but not bulky.Two-point discrimination was 7 to 11 mm (mean 8.6 mm).Hand function as judged by the total active range of motion of the fingers was excellent in 8 fingers, good in 7 fingers and fair in 2 fingers.The satisfactory rate was 88.2%.Conclusion Modified SDMA reversed island flap transfer with dorsal digital nerve coaptation is an ideal procedure to repair index or long finger degloving injuries.The area of the harvested flap is large enough to cover the circumferential soft tissue defect in the middle and distal phalanx.The surgery is safe due to the reliable flap circulation.     

改良第二掌背动脉皮瓣修复示中指中末节套脱伤

Objective To investigate the operative procedure and the clinical results of the modified reversed island flap based on the second dorsal metacarpal artery (SDMA) for repairing index or long finger degloving defects.Methods From May 2004 to January 2010, circumferential soft tissue defect in the middle and distal phalanx of the index or long fingers in 17 patients were repaired by the modified reversed island flaps based on SDMA.The dorsal digital nerve in the flap was coapted to the severed proper digital nerve.The area of the flaps ranged from 2.5 cm × 5.6 cm to 5.0 cm × 6.5 cm.The donor sites were closed by skin graft.Results Postoperatively blister and necrosis of the distal flap occurred in 2 cases which was cured by dressing change.All the other flaps survived uneventfully.Primary healing of the flaps and donor sites was achieved.All 17 patients were follow-up for 4 to 27 months with an average of 15.3 months.The flaps were pliable, full but not bulky.Two-point discrimination was 7 to 11 mm (mean 8.6 mm).Hand function as judged by the total active range of motion of the fingers was excellent in 8 fingers, good in 7 fingers and fair in 2 fingers.The satisfactory rate was 88.2%.Conclusion Modified SDMA reversed island flap transfer with dorsal digital nerve coaptation is an ideal procedure to repair index or long finger degloving injuries.The area of the harvested flap is large enough to cover the circumferential soft tissue defect in the middle and distal phalanx.The surgery is safe due to the reliable flap circulation.     

利用一个足趾游离移植同时修复两个手指组织缺损

目的 探讨利用一个足趾游离移植同时修复两个手指组织缺损的临床效果.方法 采用同一个足趾两个部分游离移植,同时修复两个手指关节复合组织或手指缺损,临床应用4例8指,其中2例用第二足趾的末节再造示指的末节或指尖,同时用第二足趾的近趾间关节组织块修复中指的近指间关节组织缺损;1例用第二足趾的远趾间关节和近趾间关节组织块同时再造示、中指的近指间关节:1例用第二足趾的近趾间关节和跖趾关节组织块同时再造示、中指的掌指关节.结果 术后再造组织全部成活,随访2～46个月,手部的功能外观满意,关节活动良好,无疼痛,按中华医学会手外科学会拇手指再造功能评定试用标准评定,有2指为优,5指为良,1指为可.结论 对于同时合并两个手指的末节、指间关节或掌指关节缺损的病例,本手术是一种较好的修复方法.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the outcome of the finger reconstruction using one toe transfer to repair the tissue defects of two fingers at the same time. Methods Two fingers joint tissue missing and finger defect of 8 fingers in 4 cases were reconstructed with dissociative transplants harvested from two parts of the same toe at the same time.Using the paratelum of the second toes reconstructed the indicis paratelum or finger tip,and using the proximal interphalangeal joint of the second toes repaired the proximal interphalangeal joint's tissue defects of the middle finger at the same time in 2 cases.Using the distal interphalangeal joint and the proximal interphalangeal joint of one second toe reconstructed the proximal interpha langeal joints of the index finger and the middle finger in 1 case.Using the proximal interphalangeal joint and the metatarsophalangeal joint of one second toe reconstructed the metacarpophalangeal joints of the index finger and the middle finger in 1 case. Results All the transplants survived.The patients were followed-up from 2 months to 46 months postoperatively.The function and shape of 2 resconstruction fingers were excellent as assessed with Criterion on Functional Evaluation on Finger Reconstruction issued by Chinese Society of Hand Surgery.Five resconstruction fingers were good.One resconstruction finger was fire. Conclusion For some appropriate cases with the tissue defects of 2 fingers such as the finger's paratelum,the interphalangeal joint or the metacarpophalangeal joint,this operated technique was a good method.     

不稳定Hangman骨折的手术治疗

Objective To investigate the clinical effects of pedicle screw fixation in the treatment of unstable Hangman fractures. Methods From October 2001 to April 2006, 15 patients with the unstable Hangman fractures were treated by the pedicle screw fixation after skull traction and reduction through posterior cervical approach. By Levine-Edwards classification, there were 3 cases of Ⅱ type, 4 cases of ⅡA type, 8 cases of Ⅲ type. Results The mean follow-up time was 17 (3 to 30) months. Six cases of Grade D by Frankel classification recovered to Grade E. Postoperative X-rays revealed bony union in all cases. No screw loosening or obvious functional limitation of the cervical vertebrae was found. In the cases of incomplete reduction, C2, 3 fixation was performed for patients without severe dislocation, and additional CA fixation with lateral mass screw was supplemented for patients with serere dislocation. Conclusion Posterior pedicle screw fixation of C2,3 or C2-4 is an effective and safe method for treating the unstable Hangman fractures.     

不稳定Hangman骨折的手术治疗

Objective To investigate the clinical effects of pedicle screw fixation in the treatment of unstable Hangman fractures. Methods From October 2001 to April 2006, 15 patients with the unstable Hangman fractures were treated by the pedicle screw fixation after skull traction and reduction through posterior cervical approach. By Levine-Edwards classification, there were 3 cases of Ⅱ type, 4 cases of ⅡA type, 8 cases of Ⅲ type. Results The mean follow-up time was 17 (3 to 30) months. Six cases of Grade D by Frankel classification recovered to Grade E. Postoperative X-rays revealed bony union in all cases. No screw loosening or obvious functional limitation of the cervical vertebrae was found. In the cases of incomplete reduction, C2, 3 fixation was performed for patients without severe dislocation, and additional CA fixation with lateral mass screw was supplemented for patients with serere dislocation. Conclusion Posterior pedicle screw fixation of C2,3 or C2-4 is an effective and safe method for treating the unstable Hangman fractures.     

婴儿PattersonⅢA型先天性束带综合征的分期手术治疗

目的 探讨采用分期手术方式治疗婴儿PattersonⅢA型先天性束带综合征的临床效果.方法 对2014年1月至2018年12月中国人民解放军空军军医大学第一附属医院骨科收治的4例PattersonⅢA型先天性束带综合征患儿的临床资料进行回顾性分析.其中男2例,女2例,初次就诊年龄7～19 d.采用分期手术治疗:一期行局...     

示指拇化治疗重度拇指发育不全

目的 介绍示指拇化治疗先天性重度拇指发育不全(ⅢB～V型)的手术方法.方法 对Ⅳ型(漂浮拇)2例、ⅢB型(腕掌关节缺如)2例采用示指拇化,将示指自掌骨部位转位重建拇指.结果 4例移位指全部存活.术后随访2～3年,虎口开大70°～90°,接近健侧.拇指掌指关节屈曲后可与所有手指对指,近指间关节活动度从0°至100～120°,远指间关节活动度从0°至90°.指端两点分辨觉同健侧,外观和功能满意.结论 采用示指转位治疗重度发育不全的拇指,外形和功能满意,克服了以往采用皮瓣和骨瓣移植的缺点,是一种实用而可取的方法,值得推广.     

先天性手部关节挛缩症的治疗

目的 探讨先天性多发性手部关节挛缩症手术方法的选择.方法 对8例(23指)先天性手部关节挛缩症的患儿,分别采用关节囊掌板松解、指浅屈肌腱止点切断、深浅肌腱交替术、皮片移植术等方法,术中以挛缩的关节能被动伸直为标准,采用克氏针内固定和术后石膏外固定相结合的方法进行治疗.结果 术后23指伤口均I期愈合.随访时间为12～25个月,关节功能及手指外形良好,除1例(4指)出现肌腱轻度粘连外,7例中14指(累及掌指关节1指,近指间关节13指)主、被动活动达到正常.其余手指背伸损害值V伸=5°～10°.结论 手部先天性多发性关节挛缩症根据组织的挛缩程度,通过上述方法可获得良好的治疗效果.     

Frameshift Mutation in a Chinese Patient with Brachydactyly Type C Involving the Third Metacarpal: A Case Report

Brachydactyly is a common feature of congenital hand anomalies characterized by shortening of the phalanges and/or metacarpals. Mutation of growth differentiation factor‐5 (GDF5) may result in loss of appearance and function in brachydactyly type C (BDC). Herein, we describe an 11 year‐old Chinese BDC patient with significant shortening of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 5th digits. Notably, according to the analysis of metacarpophalangeal pattern profiles, we do not think the 4th digit appears unaffected as usual. In this patient a novel heterozygous frameshift mutation was identified (c.349delG) causing termination of translation after translating six amino acids from codon 117 (p.A117fs*6). This mutation is located in the propeptide region of GDF5, causing GDF5 haploinsufficiency in BDC. Considering our results expanding the genetic spectrum of BDC‐causing mutations, further molecular analysis to diagnose and reclassify isolated brachydactyly on the basis of genotype rather than phenotype is warranted.     

Metacarpal lengthening by distraction osteogenesis in childhood brachydactyly

Metacarpal lengthening was performed by callus distraction in six children with brachydactyly. Four of the patients were girls and two were boys, with ages ranging from 10 to 14 years (mean age: 12 years). Four of the patients had brachydactyly resulting from injury to the hand and damage to the epiphysis related to infection, while the other two had congenital brachymetacarpia. Two patients had short thumbs, two had short index fingers, and the remaining two had short ring fingers. General anesthesia with a pneumatic tourniquet was used during surgery for all patients. Distraction was initiated on the sixth day following osteotomy, and distractions of 0.25 mm were carried out at 12-hour intervals. Adequate length was achieved in an average of 37 days (32-44), and adequate union of the bone in an average of 12.2 (11.5-15) weeks. No bone grafting was done. In one patient with congenital brachymetacarpia, it was not possible to achieve the desired length because of bending in the Kirshner wires, but union of the bone occurred without difficulty, and the outcome was satisfactory. Although single-stage metacarpal lengthening by callus distraction is time-consuming, it is a simple procedure without complications, which can be used in children with brachydactyly.     

指背五边形皮瓣重建先天性并指指蹼

目的 介绍一种并指分指后不需植皮指蹼一期重建的方法.方法 10例先天性并指患儿,在相邻两个并指的近节指背侧设计五边形皮瓣,皮瓣顶角在两指间正常指蹼掌侧缘平面,两个侧角在两指侧背缘正常指蹼背侧缘平面,两个底角在掌指关节背侧中心.并指分指后,用形成的五边形皮瓣一期重建指蹼,共重建17个指蹼.结果 所有指蹼一期获得重建,指蹼区不需植皮,指背创面直接缝合.术后所有皮瓣均存活.随访4～25个月,平均15个月,指蹼外观和功能良好.结论 采用指背五边形皮瓣能够达到一期重建指蹼不需植皮的目的 ,且损伤小,手术简单.对于多指并指患者,可同时重建两个指蹼.     

Brachydactyly type C

Brachydactyly type C is an autosomal dominant disorder with markedly variable penetrance. A patient with limited gene expression has shortening limited to the middle phalanges and the first metacarpal and an elongation of the radial side of the base of the second proximal phalanx. When completely expressed the characteristic radiographic findings are shortening of all the metacarpals, greatest in the thumb, followed by the little, ring, middle, and index fingers; brachymesophalangy (shortening of the middle phalanges); shortening of the proximal phalanges of the index and middle fingers, with the proximal phalanges of the ring and small fingers of normal length; elongation of the radial side of the base of the second proximal phalanx resulting in a trapezoidal shaped epiphysis; ulnar deviation at the second and third metacarpophalangeal joints; and hypersegmentation (extra phalanx) of the index and middle fingers. The ulnar deviation of the index and middle fingers may result in scissoring and require surgical correction. The hand deformities of 10 patients with brachydactyly type C are presented to characterize the hand abnormalities in the syndrome and its variable presentation.     

手指先天性环状缩窄畸形的治疗

目的 介绍两期单个"Z"字成形治疗手指先天性环状缩窄畸形的临床疗效.方法 对10例19指先天性环状缩窄畸形的患者,采用掌、背侧分次手术治疗.每次切除半周缩窄环,并设计单个"Z"字成形皮瓣改变环形缩窄线,间隔3～6个月后用同样方法处理手指另外半周狭窄带.结果 术后19指伤口均Ⅰ期愈合.皮瓣血运良好.术后随访时间为1～3年,平均2.5年,19指外观明显改善,局部皮肤柔软无瘢痕化,术后无复发病例.结论 两期单个"Z"字成形治疗手指先天性环状缩窄畸形操作简单,疗效可靠,并发症少.     

有无骨片的工型锤状指手术后疗效的比较分析

目的 探讨有骨片和无骨片的Ⅰ型锤状指手术疗效的差异.方法 2005年至2010年,收治46例Ⅰ型锤状指患者,其中A组22例,为伸肌腱止点处有撕脱骨折,术中采用克氏针固定远指间关节和撕脱骨片;B组24例,为单纯伸肌腱止点处断裂,不伴撕脱骨折,术中采用克氏针固定远指间关节,根据肌腱断裂情况选择缝合方法.两组均在术后5～7周拔除克氏针.结果 术后两组随访时间为5～38个月,平均16个月.依据Patel标准评价结果:A组优7例,良5例,中3例,差7例;B组优7例,良3例,中10例,差4例.A组中功能评分为差的比例占31.8％,多于B组差的比例16.7％,但B组中功能仅恢复到中的患者占41.7％.两组优良率的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 有远节指骨基底部撕脱骨片的锤状指功能差的患者是无撕脱骨片患者的近2倍,无骨片的锤状指功能为中的比例较大(41.7％),但两组疗效基本相同.     

Calcification simulating infection in congenital brachydactyly

Two cases of idiopathic soft tissue calcification occurring in the vestigial fingers of infants with congenital brachydactyly are reported. Both patients presented with acute local inflammation simulating infection and responded well to simple excision of the calcium deposits.