利用毛细管测量血液粘度的研究

目前普遍使用的毛细管式血液粘度计一般只能给出两个切变率下的粘度值,而且高切和低切所对应的切变率的具体值又不确切.为此,本文提出了一种解决毛细管粘度计测量非牛顿流体(如血液)的粘度时切变率不可知的问题的方法,提出了一种结构设计模型,并推导出了切变率-粘度-体积流量的关系,并以测量不同切变率下的粘度为例给出了仪器结构设计模型.     

Capillary transport of H2 gas generated locally in renal tissue

Previous measurements by microspheres have shown a higher blood flow in outer cortex and a lower blood flow in inner cortex than found by diffusible tracers. During vasodilation microspheres have indicated a disproportionate increase in deep cortical blood flow, whereas diffusible tracer distributions remained unchanged. These discrepancies could possibly be explained by a variable net inward transport of diffusible tracers in postglomerular vessels, the transport existing in control, but disappearing during vasodilation. To test this hypothesis H₂ gas was produced electrolytically for 1 s at a platinum electrode in midcortex and the resulting gas concentration curve measured polarographically at two electrodes placed above and below the source. Analysis of a mathematical model showed that the ratio of the curve maxima at the two electrodes (Cm_o/Cm_i) would best reveal a radial net transport. Average Cm_o/Cm_i at 25 positions in 7 clamped dog kidneys was close to unity, but rose to 1.24 at control flow. During acetylcholine infusion Cm_o/Cm_i rose to 1.68. Local washout rates at the two electrodes increased equally. Calculations indicated a small outwardly directed net transport in control (3×10^-4cm/s), becoming slightly reinforced during vasodilation (5×10^-4 cm/s). Thus the control transport direction is opposite to the hypothesis, and the change during vasodilation was estimated to be too small to explain the disparity between diffusible tracer uptake and microsphere distribution in control. H₂ concentration maximum was obtained earlier under control flow than in the clamped kidney, indicating an increase in apparent D of the gas in tissue from 3×10^-5 cm²/s to 5×10^-5 cm²/s, probably due to mixing of H₂ gas in the capillary net work.