颈段脊柱损伤的MRI诊断

目的 探讨ＭＲＩ在颈段脊柱损伤中的应用价值。材料与方法 ３０例颈椎外伤患者行ＭＲＩ检查。所有患者均行Ｘ线检查,其中６例行ＣＴ检查。结果 ３０例中伤及颈５～７占８０％,根据ＭＲＩ表现将颈段脊柱外伤分为５类：单纯压缩性骨折;泪滴性骨折;爆裂性骨折;骨折脱位,无骨折脱位。全部病例ＭＲＩ均清楚显示伴有脊髓信号的异常,２例可见脊髓断裂。结论 ＭＲＩ可以对颈椎损伤形态及脊髓、韧带、间盘等软组织损伤作出准确的评     

脊髓多发硬化与特发急性横贯性脊髓炎MRI鉴别诊断

目的：探讨脊髓多发硬化（ＭＳ）和特发急性横贯性脊髓炎（ＩＡＴＭ）的ＭＲＩ特点及鉴别诊断的可能性。方法：对比分析了１６例ＭＳ和７例ＩＡＴＭ的临床表现和ＭＲＩ特点。ＭＲ基本扫描序列为ＳＥ序列Ｔ１ＷＩ、Ｔ２ＷＩ矢状位和Ｔ２ＷＩ轴位，７例行Ｇｄ－ＤＴ－ＰＡ强化。结果：１６例ＭＳ脑脊液寡克隆带阳性８例，７例ＩＡＴＭ病前发烧３例，余临床表现相似。两者ＭＲ信号特点相似，均为Ｔ１ＷＩ稍低或等信号，Ｔ２ＷＩ高信号，但ＭＳ表现病灶多发（９３％）、长度不超过２个椎体（８８％），主要分布在白质区（９３％）的特点，而ＩＡＴＭ以病灶单发（５７％）、长度大于２个椎体（７１％）、全脊髓分布或灰质分布为主（７１％）。结论：ＭＲＩ对脊髓ＭＳ和ＩＡＴＭ的诊断和鉴别诊断有重要作用。综合分析ＭＲ表现、临床特点、脑脊液检查等有助于正确诊断     

结核性脑膜炎神经系统损害的MRI诊断

目的 探讨ＭＲＩ在诊断结核性脑膜炎神经系统损害中的价值。材料与方法 对５３例经手术或临床证实的结核性脑膜炎患者进行ＭＲＩ检查,获取头部矢状位Ｔ１ＷＩ、横断位Ｔ１ＷＩ及Ｔ２ＷＩ,部分病例加作颈胸段ＭＲＩ。所有患者均进行Ｇｄ－ＤＴＰＡ增强检查。结果 硬脑膜增厚、脑池及脑沟闭塞４０例,脑血管炎及脑梗塞２８例,脑结核球１２例,脑积水１６例,脑萎缩２３例,视交叉及视神经损害２例,脊膜、脊髓损害４例。结论 Ｍ     

MRI对急性脊髓损伤的评价

目的：探讨急性脊髓损伤的ＭＲＩ表现及其与预后的关系。材料与方法：２３例脊髓损伤患者于伤后７天内行１．０Ｔ超导ＭＲ机检查，并采用ＡＳＩＡ损伤分级评价其神经功能。结果：２３例在ＭＲＩ上均显示脊髓异常信号，其中１９例有脊柱骨和（或）韧带损伤。脊髓损伤有两种信号类型，１０例见急性脊髓出血，在Ｔ２ＷＩ上表现为中心低信号、周围高信号；１３例为脊髓挫伤或水肿，Ｔ２ＷＩ表现为脊髓均匀或不均匀的高信号区。１１例能评价预后，两种信号类型脊髓损伤的神经功能恢复没有明显差异。１３例完全性脊髓损伤和１０例不完全性脊髓损伤，在Ｔ２ＷＩ上异常信号的平均面积分别为４．４４±１．８０ｃｍ２及１．７６±０．８０ｃｍ２。１１例治疗后，神经功能改善６例，没有明显改善５例，异常信号区的平均面积分别为２．４１±１．０５ｃｍ２及４．８２±１．８６ｃｍ２。脊髓异常信号区面积的大小与脊髓损伤严重性及其预后的改善有关。结论：ＭＲＩ能清楚地显示急性脊髓损伤的各种病理改变，Ｔ２ＷＩ上异常信号区的大小是评价急性脊髓损伤严重性及预后的重要指标。     

强直性脊柱炎骶髂关节影像学分析：附24例骶髂关节平片,CT和MR…

目的：旨在评估强直性脊柱炎（ＡＳ）患者骶髂关节炎的ＭＲ影像特征，并比较Ｘ线平片、ＣＴ和ＭＲ影像在诊断骶髂关节炎中的作用。材料与方法：搜集２４例ＡＳ患者，分别行Ｘ线平片、ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ检查。增强前ＭＲ扫描序列包括ＳＥ Ｔ１ＷＩ、ＦＳＥ Ｔ２ＷＩ和梯度回波的准Ｔ２ＷＩ（ＧＲ Ｔ２＾＊ＷＩ）。增强后ＭＲ扫描序列参数与增强前ＳＥ Ｔ１ＷＩ相同。另选９例志愿者，行ＭＲ平扫检查。结果：８例志愿者１６个骶髂关节的     

椎动脉型颈椎病MRI与MRA的临床应用

目的：回顾性评价和比较椎动脉型颈椎病的ＭＲＩ与ＭＲＡ影像学价值。方法：１３例中均有颈椎退变及颈性眩晕，ＭＲＩ采用ＳＥＴ１ＷＩ和Ｔ２ＷＩ，或ＧＲ序列，轴位，矢状位、冠状位成像。用２Ｄ－ＴＯＦＭＲＡ检查。结果：９／１３例（６９．２％）中钩突增生，小关节突增生２例，椎间盘变窄４例，椎间盘外侧型突出３例，椎体不稳４例，颈椎横突骨折１例，以上原因造成椎动脉的扭曲，变细狭窄，闭塞等。ＭＲＡ示椎动脉狭窄变细７例，阻塞２例。椎动脉迂曲１１例，均与颈椎病有关。结论：ＭＲＩ与ＭＲＡ联合评价椎动脉型颈椎病是获得信息最多的组合方式，其临床应用将更广泛     

MRI定位诊断甲状旁腺腺瘤二例

ＭＲＩ定位诊断甲状旁腺腺瘤二例田伟我院１９９４年曾遇２例甲状旁腺腺瘤，均用ＭＲＩ定位诊断，使用０．５Ｔ超导型ＭＲ成像系统。ＳＥ序列Ｔ１ＷＩ：ＴＲ４５０毫秒，ＴＥ２０～２５毫秒，Ｔ２ＷＩ：ＴＲ１８００毫秒，ＴＥ１００毫秒，层厚５ｍｍ，间隔２ｍｍ，视野１...     

MRI增强检查在脊柱病变中的诊断价值

目的：讨论不同种类脊柱病变的ＭＲＩ表现及Ｇｄ－ＤＴＰＡ增强检查在脊柱病变中的意义。材料与方法：研究脊柱病变５７例,均行矢状位、轴位Ｔ１ＷＩ、Ｔ２ＷＩ及增强后Ｔ１ＷＩ扫描,其中１２例增强后采用脂肪抑制技术（ＣＨＥＳＳ法）扫描。结果：（１）不同的脊柱病变ＭＲＩ表现不同;（２）在增强后脂肪抑制组及未抑制组,显示脊柱病变与正常骨髓分界最清晰的序列中增强后Ｔ１ＷＩ分别占５１．１％、９２．７％;（３）所有病例在显示椎旁肿块与周围关系最明确的序列中增强后Ｔ１ＷＩ占８３．８％。结论：（１）增强检查对脊柱病变的诊断与鉴别诊断有重要价值;（２）它有利于显示椎旁肿块与椎管内结构的关系;（３）增强后Ｔ１ＷＩ脂肪抑制技术成像与平扫相结合是脊柱病变的首选扫描序列     

MRI诊断Maisonneuve骨折骨间膜断裂范围的研究

目的 探讨Ｍａｉｓｏｎｎｅｕｖｅ骨折（ＭＦＦ）骨间膜损伤及损伤范围的ＭＲＩ表现。方法 １２例急诊收治的ＭＦＦ患者术前进行ＭＲＩ检查。采用膝关节线圈对小腱全长分２段进行检查以获得骨间膜全长的图像。采用轴面Ｔ１ＷＩ（ＴＲ５００ｍｓ,ＴＥ４０ｍｓ）、Ｔ１脂肪抑制（ＳＴＩＲ）像、Ｔ２ＷＩ（ＴＲ３０００～４０００ｍｓ,ＴＥ１８０～２００ｍｓ）,３例行双侧对比,５例术中探查骨间膜。结果 １２例患者均存在骨间膜     

烟雾病的磁共振成像诊断

目的：回顾分析８例烟雾病的磁共振成像表现，探讨磁共振成像对烟雾病的诊断价值。方法：８例烟雾病中男女各４例。年龄４～４９岁，平均２０．４岁。磁共振成像应用Ｓｉｅｍｅｎｓ１．０ＴＭＲ系统和头表面线圈。均有ＳＥ序列Ｔ１ＷＩ和Ｔ２ＷＩ，７例有三维时间飞跃法磁共振血管造影（３Ｄ－ＴＯＦＭＲＡ），１例有ＤＳＡ。结果：ＳＥ序列ＭＲＩ均见丘脑－基底节区（单侧２例，双侧６例）有扩张的烟雾血管，其中以Ｔ１ＷＩ显示更为清楚直观。７例３Ｄ－ＴＯＦＭＲＡ和１例ＤＳＡ均见ＩＣＡ上端、ＭＣＡ和ＡＣＡ近端闭塞以及丘脑－基底节区的烟雾血管。这些病理血管分布侧别与ＳＥ序列磁共振成像所见一致。结论：ＳＥ序列磁共振成像和３Ｄ－ＴＯＦＭＲＡ是诊断烟雾病的有效方法。Ｔ１ＷＩ显示丘脑－基底节区烟雾血管优于Ｔ２ＷＩ。３Ｄ－ＴＯＦＭＲＡ尚适用于烟雾病血管旁路术后随诊及其高危人群普查。     

Acute spinal cord injury: MR imaging at 1.5 T

Thirty-seven magnetic resonance (MR) imaging studies were performed with a 1.5-T magnet and surface coils in 27 patients with suspected spinal cord injuries. Imaging was performed 1 day to 6 weeks after injury. Cord abnormalities were seen with MR in 19 patients, while skeletal and/or ligamentous injuries were seen in 21 (78%). Three types of MR signal patterns were seen in association with cord injuries. Acute intraspinal hemorrhage was seen in five patients with cord injuries and demonstrated decreased signal intensity on T2-weighted images obtained within 24 hours of injury. Cord edema and contusion had high signal intensity on T2-weighted images and were observed in 12 cases with cord injury. Neurologic recovery, determined in 16 patients, was insignificant in patients with intraspinal hemorrhage; however, patients with cord edema or contusion recovered significant neurologic function. MR at 1.5 T is extremely useful in the diagnosis of acute cord injury and also demonstrates potential in predicting neurologic recovery.     

扩散加权成像在脊髓急性外伤中的应用

目的　研究扩散加权成像(DWI)在脊髓急性外伤中的应用价值。方法　急性脊髓外伤18例,在72h内行常规MRI和DWI(Philips1. 5TMR仪),其中2例行单次激发DWI(ssh DWI),16例行多次激发DWI(msh DWI)。结果　2例行ssh DWI者,均显示为脊髓病灶局部明显高信号,但图像质量较差,无法行表观扩散系数(ADC)值测量。其余16例均行msh DWI,图像质量明显改善,按照损伤程度和DWI表现不同分为3型: (1)水肿型:本组10例,损伤病灶呈不同程度DWI高信号,损伤部较正常部ADC值有明显减低(t=7. 515,P<0. 01),但本组急性期( 72h)内ADC值在24h内(4例)和25~48h(5例)两组间差异无统计学意义(t=0. 844,P>0. 05); (2)混合型: 4例,病灶混合出血与水肿,DWI呈混杂高信号; (3)出血型: 2例,病灶以出血为主,DWI呈低信号,相应T2WI呈不均匀高信号,T1WI低信号。结论　DWI为脊髓外伤的超早期诊断、帮助判断脊髓传导功能的完整性和脊髓压迫损伤的程度,以及是否合并出血等提供了新的客观手段,值得进一步临床研究和应用。     

Inversion recovery versus T2-weighted sagittal MR imaging in cervical spinal cord injury

Purpose: To determine the usefulness of the fluid-attenuation inversion-recovery (FLAIR) sequence in the detection of cervical spinal cord contusion following blunt trauma, as compared with the conventional T2-weighted (T2W) MR sequence. Methods: Three radiologists independently reviewed T2W and FLAIR sagittal MR images in 25 patients with acute cord contusion. Conspicuity of cord contusion was rated on a scale of 0 (no evidence of contusion) to 3 (contusion easily identified). The average ratings for the T2W sequence and FLAIR sequence were then compared. Images were also reviewed in consensus for evidence of hemorrhage and extent of cord edema. Results: Twenty-three patients had increased conspicuity of cord contusion on the FLAIR sequence as compared with the T2W sequence, while two patients demonstrated no change in conspicuity. T2W images had an average rating of 1.0, while FLAIR images had an average rating of 2.2. The extent of edema was better evaluated in 17 patients with the FLAIR sequence and in 8 patients with the T2W sequence. Hemorrhagic contusion was seen in 15 patients, better identified with T2W sequence in 9 patients and with FLAIR sequence in only 2 patients. Conclusion: Cervical spinal cord contusion is much more conspicuous on FLAIR sequence as compared with T2W sequence. Additionally, FLAIR imaging can often demonstrate the true extent of edema better than T2W imaging. However, hemorrhage within contusion, an important prognostic factor, is better demonstrated with T2W imaging. Therefore, both sequences should be utilized in order to maximize both the identification and characterization of acute spinal cord contusion.     

In vivo high-resolution MR imaging of neuropathologic changes in the injured rat spinal cord

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: MR imaging is the most comprehensive noninvasive means to assess structural changes in injured central nervous system (CNS) tissue in humans over time. The few published in vivo MR imaging studies of spinal cord injury in rodent models by using field strengths < or = 7T suffer from low spatial resolution, flow, and motion artifacts. The aim of this study was to assess the capacity of a 17.6T imaging system to detect pathologic changes occurring in a rat spinal cord contusion injury model ex vivo and in vivo. METHODS: Seven adult female Fischer 344 rats received contusion injuries at thoracic level T10, which caused severe and reproducible lesions of the injured spinal cord parenchyma. Two to 58 days postinjury, high-resolution MR imaging was performed ex vivo (2) or in vivo in anesthetized rats (5 spinal cord injured + one intact control animal) by using 2D multisection spin- and gradient-echo imaging sequences, respectively, combined with electrocardiogram triggering and respiratory gating. RESULTS: The acquired images provided excellent resolution and gray/white matter differentiation without significant artifacts. Signal intensity changes, which were detected with ex vivo and in vivo MR imaging following spinal cord injury, could be correlated with histologically defined structural changes such as edema, fibroglial scar, and hemorrhage. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that MR imaging at 17.6T allows high-resolution structural analysis of spinal cord pathology after injury.     

Percutaneous translumbar spinal cord compression injury in a dog model that uses angioplasty balloons: MR imaging and histopathologic findings

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Previous animal models for spinal cord injury required laminectomy and exposure of the spinal cord to create direct trauma, compromising imaging by both surgical artifact and the nature of the production of the injury. Our purpose was to study a model that uses percutaneous intraspinal navigation with an angioplasty balloon, providing a controlled degree of spinal cord compression and allowing improved MR imaging of spinal cord injury. METHODS: Nine mongrel dogs were studied. MR images were obtained of six dogs after technique development in three dogs. Angioplasty balloons measuring 7 or 4 mm in diameter and 2 cm in length were placed in the midthoracic subarachnoid space. Imaging was performed by using a 1.5-T MR imaging unit before and after balloon inflation. The balloon was inflated within 5 seconds and deflated after 30 minutes. T1- and T2-weighted and contrast-enhanced images were acquired. Spinal cords were submitted for pathologic examination. RESULTS: All four animals with 7-mm balloons experienced hemorrhage, and three had axonal injury revealed by histopathologic examination. One of two animals with 4-mm balloons experienced no injury, and one had axonal injury without hemorrhage. Regional parenchymal enhancement was seen in two of the animals with 7-mm balloons. CONCLUSION: This percutaneous spinal cord injury model results in a graduating degree of injury. It differs from previous techniques by avoiding surgical exposure and the associated artifacts, yet it offers histopathologic findings similar to those of human spinal cord injury. The canine spinal cord is amenable to MR imaging with clinical imaging units. Further evaluations with various durations of compression and various balloon sizes are warranted.     

MR imaging and angiography of cerebral venous angiomas associated with brain tumors

Summary Cervical spinal cord lesions in the anterior spinal artery syndrome were delineated on magnetic resonance images (MRI) in four patients. The lesion was always seen anteriorly in the cervical cord. On T2-weighted images, the lesions appeared hyperintense relative to the normal spinal cord, while on T1-weighted images, two chronic lesions appeared hypointense, with local atrophy of the cord. In one case, repeated T1-weighted images showed no signal abnormality 4 days after the ictus, but the lesion became hypointense 18 days later, when contrast enhancement was also recognized after injection of Gd-DTPA; this sequence of intensity changes was similar to that of cerebral infarction. The extent of the lesion seen MRI correlated closely with neurological findings in all cases. Although the findings may not be specific, MRI is now the modality of choice for confirming the diagnosis in patients suspected of having an anterior spinal artery syndrome.     

大鼠中度脊髓损伤后两种后肢行为学评估标准的比较研究

目的 对大鼠中度脊髓损伤后两种后肢行为学评估标准进行评价.方法 24 只雄性 Wistar 大鼠随机分为假手术组和损伤组.损伤组采用Allen's打击法制作脊髓损伤模型,假手术组仅行椎板切除术.术后1、3、7、14、21天分别采用Tarlov评分和BBB(basso,beattie and bresnahan)评分对两组大鼠后肢运动功能恢复情况进行评估.结果 两组大鼠BBB评分值在伤后各时间点差异均非常显著(P<0.01),Tarlov评分值在伤后各时间点有显著性差异(P<0.05),但只在 1、3、7天时差异才非常显著(P<0.01);评分值按百分制换算后,假手术组大鼠两组评分值之间的一致性较好,仅在伤后7天时有显著性差异(P<0.05),损伤组大鼠两组评分值之间的差异较大,伤后1、3、7天时差异非常显著(P<0.01).结论 BBB评分的敏感性和区分度优于Tarlov评分,能更准确、客观地反映大鼠中度脊髓损伤后运动功能恢复情况.     

无骨折脱位型颈髓损伤的MRI分析

目的 :探讨无骨折脱位型颈髓损伤的发生机理、好发部位及MRI特点。材料和方法 :回顾性分析 43例无骨折脱位型颈髓损伤的MRI表现。结果 :共发现脊髓异常MR信号 46处 ,多位于C4-6水平 ,异常信号T1WI为低信号、等信号或高信号 ;T2WI为信号均匀或不均匀的高信号。结论 :MRI能显示脊髓损伤的范围和病理改变 ,明确脊髓损伤处有无突出椎间盘的持续性压迫。是无骨折脱位型颈髓损伤最好的检查方法     

脊柱损伤的CT诊断(附80例分析)

目的：探讨脊柱损伤的ＣＴ 诊断。材料与方法：脊柱损伤８０ 例，其中颈椎６ 例，胸椎１８ 例，腰椎５０ 例，另６ 例为胸１２、腰１ 同时受损。均用ＳＣＴ４５００ ＴＥ ＣＴ 机扫描。结果：（１） 骨折：单纯屈曲压缩型２２ 例，爆裂型３８ 例，安全带型４ 例，骨折脱位型６ 例，其它型１０ 例。（２） 并发症：椎管内血肿４ 例，椎旁血肿２５ 例，椎间盘脱出１０ 例，其它８ 例。结论：ＣＴ 可全面了解骨折程度、范围及细微改变；准确显示椎管变形狭窄程度及范围；准确判断脊柱稳定性；了解是否有并发症。对脊柱序列观察，对脊髓受压、受损的判定有一定局限性。     

Prediction of neurologic outcome in acute spinal cord injury: the role of CT and MR.

PURPOSE: 1) To determine whether MR appearances of the spinal cord in acute trauma correlate with clinical prognosis, and 2) to identify other MR and CT prognostic factors in acute spinal trauma. METHODS: Retrospective evaluation of MR, CT, and clinical examinations in 32 acute spinal trauma patients examined between 1987 and 1990. RESULTS: All 21 patients with abnormal spinal cords on MR had complete motor paralysis at presentation, compared to only three of 11 patients with normal cords. Whereas cord transection and hemorrhagic contusion had poor prognoses, 73% of patients with cord edema and 100% of patients with normal cord had useful motor function at outcome. At follow-up MR, areas of cord contusion developed into cysts, while edema resolved, leaving residual areas of myelomalacia. Associated spinal fractures, ligament injury, and cord compression were associated (P < .05) with a worse prognosis. Spondylotic changes were a significant risk factor for spinal cord injury, mediated by cord compression. CONCLUSIONS: MR and CT are valuable techniques for quantifying injury and predicting prognosis in acute spinal trauma.