儿童C3肾小球肾炎6例临床与病理分析

目的分析6例儿童C3肾小球肾炎的临床表现、病理特征及治疗反应,旨在提高儿科医生对此病的认识和处理。方法对2010年9月至2016年6月在吉林大学第一医院小儿肾病科确诊为C3肾小球肾炎且有完整临床资料的6例患儿的临床表现、病理改变、疗效及预后进行回顾性分析。结果(1)临床表现及实验室检查:以血尿为首发症状2例,以血尿和蛋白尿为首发症状4例;其中表现为肾炎综合征3例,肾病综合征1例;6例患儿补体C3均降低;补体C4均正常;(2)病理特点:6例患儿免疫荧光均可见补体C3强阳性沉积;光镜下表现为系膜增生性肾小球肾炎5例,表现为毛细血管内增生性肾小球肾炎1例;电镜下3例可见电子致密物沉积,3例未见电子致密物沉积;(3)治疗及预后;均予肾炎常规治疗,2例有新月体形成者加用糖皮质激素治疗。随访6~42个月,预后较好。结论本组C3肾小球肾炎患儿以血尿和(或)蛋白尿为主要表现,免疫荧光见C3强阳性沉积,光镜表现多以系膜增生性肾小球肾炎为主,电镜可表现为电子致密物沉积,短期预后较好。     

小儿急进性肾炎和新月体肾炎的再认识:附43例临床与病理分析

目的 探讨小儿急进性肾炎和新月体肾炎的病因、临床以及病理特点及两者之间的关系。方法 回顾总结1987年至2002年临床诊断急进性肾炎或病理诊断新月体肾炎的43例住院患儿的临床资料。结果 患儿以学龄儿童多见，60．5％为原发性肾脏疾病，绝大多数表现为浮肿、少尿、高血压、肉眼血尿及肾病水平蛋白尿。部分(24．0％)急进性肾炎的肾脏病理为非新月体肾炎，包括毛细血管内增生性肾小球肾炎、Ⅳ型膜增殖性狼疮性肾炎、增生硬化性肾小球肾炎及局灶节段性肾小球硬化：而部分(32．1％)新月体肾炎的临床表现为非急进性肾炎，包括肾病综合征(肾炎型)、急性肾炎综合征及慢性肾脏疾病。予正规治疗的25例患儿中，44．0％的患儿肾功能恢复，44．0％的患儿肾功能好转。结论 急进性肾炎是临床诊断，新月体肾炎是病理诊断，两者并非完全一致；积极行肾穿刺活检，有助于明确肾脏病理类型，指导治疗；早期诊断、及时治疗有助于改善急进性肾炎或新月体肾炎患儿的预后。     

儿童IgA肾病72例临床与病理分析

目的探讨儿童IgA肾病(IgAN)的临床、病理特点及其相关关系。方法对本院2005年5月-2011年8月经肾穿刺活检确诊为IgAN的72例患儿的临床表现、临床分型、病理特点及免疫分型进行回顾性总结,并分析它们之间的相关关系。结果本组72例。男48例,女24例;年龄1岁5个月～17岁[(8.99±2.94)岁];入院时病程2 d～9 a(平均12.86个月)。临床以血尿起病者58例(包括38例肉眼血尿及5例伴水肿者),以单纯水肿起病者12例,以蛋白尿起病者2例。临床分型为肾病综合征型28例(38.89%)、孤立性血尿型19例(26.39%)、血尿和蛋白尿型13例(18.05%)、急性肾炎型10例(13.89%)、孤立性蛋白尿型2例(2.78%)。病理改变:系膜增生型肾小球肾炎40例,局灶增生型肾炎25例、毛细血管内增生型肾炎6例、新月体型肾炎1例。其中伴新月体形成者17例(占23.61%)。免疫组织化学可见多种免疫球蛋白沉积。沉积类型为满堂亮型1例、IgA+IgG+C32例、IgA型8例、IgA+IgM+IgG+C3型17例、IgA+IgM+C3型44例。结论 IgAN的临床表现形式多样,其病情轻重与起病形式无关。病理表现以系膜增生型肾小球肾炎为主,免疫球蛋白沉积以复合型为主。临床表现为肾病综合征型及血尿和蛋白尿型者病理较重,应尽早行肾穿,及时治疗。     

30例儿童毛细血管内增生性肾小球肾炎临床和病理分析

为了解毛细管内增生性肾小球肾炎的特殊临床表现,探讨肾穿刺活检术在急性肾小为中的应用,采用回顾分析法,对３０例毛细血管内增生 性肾小球肾炎临床、病理进行统计分析,结果显示,临床表现为肾病综合征８例,急性肾功能衰竭８例,ＩｇＡ肾病６例,急性肾炎６例,隐匿性肾炎２便。病理学表明,以肾病型、肾衰型病变重,分别有不同程度的新月体形成。肾病型有５例免疫荧光示ＩｇＧ、Ｃ３沉积呈“花环状”,提示毛细血管内增生性肾     

肾小球疾病156例的临床与病理

了解各种小儿肾脏疾病的临床表现和病理类型二者间的关系。方法对156例肾活检患儿的临床和病理的关系进行了分析。结果系膜增生性肾炎占68％,其临床表现为多种形式的肾脏疾病;IgA肾病22例,占14．1％;毛细血管内增生性肾炎占4．5％;新月体肾炎6例（3．8％）;其他型别的病理类型均较少见。结论系膜增生性肾炎是小儿肾脏疾病最常见的病理类型,临床主要见于紫癜性肾炎（34．9％）,其次见于肾病综合征（28．3％）,各种类型的肾小球肾炎（10．4％）。     

儿童急性肾炎综合征的临床及病理诊断

目的　探讨儿童急性肾炎综合征临床诊断和病理诊断的相关性及早期肾活检的意义。方法　分析比较 43例急性肾炎综合征临床、病理诊断结果及部分病例的临床经过。结果　临床诊断链球菌感染后肾炎 4例 ,病理诊断 :毛细血管内增生性肾小球肾炎 3例 ,新月体肾炎 1例 ,其中 1例毛细血管内增生性肾小球肾炎 ,1年后复查肾活检为局灶节段性肾小球硬化 ,5年后进入终末期肾衰 ;临床诊断其它原发性肾小球肾炎 2 3例 ,病理诊断 :毛细血管内增生性肾小球肾炎 2例 ,新月体肾炎 1例 ,系膜增生性肾小球肾炎 9例 ,IgA肾病 8例 ,局灶节段性肾小球硬化 2例 ,狼疮肾炎 1例 ,临床诊断紫癜肾炎 13例 ,狼疮肾炎 3例 ,均与病理诊断相符合。结论　急性肾炎综合征 ,尽早肾病理检查对发现严重肾脏病变、认识急性链球菌感染后肾炎的转归和急性肾炎综合征的病因诊断 ,指导治疗 ,改善预后有重要价值     

表现为肾病范畴蛋白尿的儿童链球菌感染后肾小球肾炎临床病理特点

目的了解伴有肾病范畴蛋白尿的链球菌感染后肾小球肾炎(APSGN)的临床、病理和预后特征以及糖皮质激素治疗效果。方法回顾分析近10年收治的50例伴有肾病蛋白尿的APSGN患儿的临床资料。结果 50例患儿中男35例、女15例,中位发病年龄8.7(6.8～10.0)岁;主要临床表现为高血压(43例)、肉眼血尿(38例)、浮肿(37例)、急性肾损伤(34例)和低蛋白血症(27例)。16例接受肾活检的患儿均为毛细管内增生性肾小球肾炎,伴有不同程度的肾小管病变(15例)和肾间质改变(8例),7例伴有广泛足突融合,5例伴新月体形成,3例存在广泛毛细血管袢受压变窄。伴高血压和肉眼血尿患儿的24小时尿蛋白定量高于不伴高血压和肉眼血尿者,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。伴肾间质病变患儿的肾小球滤过率(eGFR)低于不伴肾间质病变者,差异有统计学意义(Z=2.79,P=0.005)。Kaplan-Meier曲线分析提示糖皮质激素治疗组患儿肾功能恢复优于非治疗组,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=6.11,P=0.013)。结论伴肾病范畴蛋白尿的APSGN患儿可伴急性肾损伤和明显肾小管间质损害,糖皮质激素治疗有助于肾功能恢复。     

儿童急性肾炎综合征的临床及病理诊断

目的0：探讨儿童急性肾炎综合征临床诊断和病理诊断的相关性及早期肾活检的意义。方法：分析比较43例急性肾炎综合征临床、病理诊断结果及部分病例的临床经过。结果：临床诊断链球菌感染后肾炎4例,病理诊断：毛细血管内增生性肾小球肾炎3例,新月体肾炎1例,其中1例毛细血管内增生性肾小球肾炎,1年后复查肾活检为局灶节段性肾小球硬化,5年后进入终末期肾衰;临床诊断其它原发性肾小球肾炎23例,病理诊断：毛细血管内增生性肾小球肾炎2例,新月体肾炎1例,系膜增生性肾小球肾炎9例,IgA肾病8例,局灶节段性肾小球硬化2例,狼疮肾炎1例,临床诊断紫癜肾炎13例,狼疮肾炎3例,均与病理诊断相符合。结论：急性肾炎综合征,尽早肾病理检查对发现严重肾脏病变、认识急性链球菌感染后肾炎的转归和急性肾炎综合征的病因诊断,指导治疗,改善预后有重要价值。     

儿童C1q肾病10例临床与病理分析

目的探讨C1q肾病的临床与病理改变的关系。方法对10例经肾活检确诊为C1q肾病患儿临床表现、肾小球、肾小管及免疫病理特征进行分析比较,6例肾病综合征中环磷酰胺冲击治疗3例,环胞素、霉酚酸酯和甲泼尼龙冲击治疗各1例。结果临床表现为单纯性血尿2例,肾炎综合征、急性肾炎各1例,肾病综合征6例;病理类型为轻微病变、系膜增生性肾小球肾炎各2例,局灶节段性肾小球硬化5例,新月体肾炎1例;肾小管间质1例无改变,Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级各3例,Ⅲ级2例,Ⅳ级1例;免疫荧光:系膜区均有娃著的以C1q为主的沉积。10例患儿平均随访25.7个月;6例肾病综合征均对激素抵抗,加用免疫抑制剂治疗,5例缓解,1例无效,肾功能渐减退。结论C1q肾病临床病理改变多样化,临床以肾病综合征为主,病理以局灶节段性肾小球硬化为主,对激素多不敏感,预后与间质损害程度相关,与C1q沉积无相关性。     

儿童毛细血管内增生性紫癜性肾炎19例临床及病理分析

目的探讨儿童毛细血管内增生性紫癜性肾炎(DEP-HSPN)的临床、病理、治疗及预后。方法回顾性分析19例确诊为DEP-HSPN患儿的临床、病理、预后及其影响因素,随机选取同期入院行肾活检明确为HSPN但非DEP的55例患儿作为对照组。结果 19例DEP-HSPN患儿,男14例、女5例,平均年龄(10.6±2.6)岁;肾活检前病程(19.4±7.4)d;占同期肾活检紫癜性肾炎患儿3.92%。19例DEP-HSPN中10例为肾病综合征型,9例为血尿和蛋白尿型;均接受免疫抑制治疗,14例完全缓解,5例部分缓解;肾脏病理分级均为Ⅲb级,伴有6.38%~36.36%不等的新月体。DEP-HSPN患儿与病理均为Ⅲb级的55例年龄、性别相匹配的对照组患儿比较,肾穿前病程短、蛋白尿水平高、肾脏病理慢性损伤积分低,差异具有统计学意义(P均0.05);新月体百分比两组差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论儿童DEP-HSPN起病急,临床表现重,组织活动性病变多而慢性病变少;尚无证据表明毛细血管内增生性病变是影响HSPN预后的危险因素。     

��ͯC3��С������6���ٴ��벡�����

??Objective??To analyze the clinical characteristics??pathological features and treatment responses of 6 pediatric patients with C3 glomerulonephritis??C3GN????in order to improve the understanding and treatment of this disease for pediatricians. Methods??Analyze the clinical manifestations??pathological features??therapies??prognosis of patients who were diagnosed with C3 glomerulonephritis from September??2010 to June??2016 retrospectively. Results??Clinical characteristics and laboratory examination??2 patients’ first symptom was hematuria??4 patients’ first symptom was hematuria and proteinuria??3 patients presented as acute nephritic syndrome??one presented as nephrotic syndrome. All the patients showed that the level of serum complement C3 was reduced??while sernm complement C4 was normal. Pathological character??6 patients showed strong positive complement C3 deposition under immunofluorescence. Lightmicroscopy showed mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis in 5 cases??1 case was diagnosed as endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritisin??and 3 patients presented electrondense depositionin under electron microscope. Treatment and prognosis??after conventional treatment??2 patients who were with crescent were treated with glucocorticoid .After a follow-up from 6 months to 42 months ??the prognosis was pretty good. Conclusion??Children with C3GN are usually presented with hematuria and ??or??proteinuria??characterized by strong positive C3 deposition. Lightmicroscopy always shows mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis. Electron microscope show electron dense deposition??and short-term prognosis is pretty good.     

����Ī˾���ƶ�ͯ��������������ҩ�� �����ۺ�����Ч����

??Abstract??Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of tacrolimus ??FK506?? therapy for children with steroid-dependent and steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome ??NS??. Methods From Jun.2007 to Dec.2011 in Guangzhou Medical College Guangzhou First Municipal People's Hospital??42 children with primary nephrotic syndrome were enrolled??in which 32 cases were steroid-dependent NS ??SDNS?? and 10 cases were steroid-resistant NS ??the SRNS??. The indicators were tested before treatment and 12 weeks later??including ??1?? the 24h urinary protein excretion??blood urea nitrogen ??BUN????serum creatinine ??Scr????plasma albumin ??Alb????blood and urine ??2-microglobulin ????2-MG??????2?? lipid testing indicators??total cholesterol ??TC????triglyceride ??TG??????3??hypercoagulable state indicators??the prothrombin time ??PT????activated partial thromboplastin time ??APTT ????the plasma concentration of fibrinogen ??Fib?? and blood D-dimer ??D-dimer??. Results Tacrolimus combined with steroid therapy had significant effects.The clinical and biochemical indicators improved significantly after treatment ??P??0.05 or P??0.01????lipids and hypercoagulability-related indicators also improved significantly??proteinuria significantly reduced.Complete remission was achieved in 29 cases??partial remission in 10 cases??no remission in 4 cases.Eleven cases of simple type NS got complete remission??and 18 cases of nephritis type NS got complete remission??partial remission in 9 cases??no remission in 4 cases.Pathological type??5 cases of minimal change disease??complete remission????5 cases of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis??3 no remission??2 partial remission????six cases of mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis??4 complete remission??2 partial remission??.Mild gastrointestinal reaction occurred in 4 cases and diarrhea in 2 cases.Conclusion The tacrolimus and steroid combination therapy for children with steroid-dependent and steroid-resistant NS can reduce proteinuria??reduce high cholesterol and improve the hypercoagulable state??the majority of children get complete remission??steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome also has a significant improvement in the treatment.This combined treatment is safe and effective with fewer adverse reactions.     

婴幼儿期肾病综合征临床特点分析

目的　探讨婴幼儿期原发性肾病综合征 (简称婴幼儿肾病 )的临床特点 ;分析婴幼儿肾病临床特点、免疫功能、病理分型和糖皮质激素 (简称激素 )疗效的关系。方法　对 31例婴幼儿肾病患儿进行临床观察 ;进行体液免疫和细胞免疫功能测定 ;14例接受肾穿刺活检 ;31例均采用激素中长程疗法 ,18例予以免疫抑制剂如环磷酰胺 (CTX)等联合治疗。结果　婴幼儿肾病临床以肾炎型肾病为主 ;体液免疫和细胞免疫功能下降 ;病理以非微小病变型为主 ;约 6 0 %患儿对激素治疗不敏感 ,需用激素与免疫抑制剂联合治疗。结论　婴幼儿肾病具有与其它儿童肾病综合征不同的特点 ,应当引起临床重视。     

T cell subsets in glomerulonephritis

Abnormal lymphocyte function has been postulated to have a pathogenetic role in nephrotic syndrome. In an attempt to investigate the pathogenetic role of lymphocyte subsets in human glomerular disease, we studied 110 children suffering from nephritis during the acute nephrotic phase or nephritis without steroid treatment, 4 weeks later after steroid treatment, in remission and relapse. These patients included minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) 15 cases, focal segmental glomerular sclerosis (FGS) 6 cases, mesangial cell proliferative nephropathy (MesPGN) 42 cases, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) 2 cases, hepatitis B surface antigenemia associated with membranous nephropathy (HBVMN) 10 cases, IgA mesangial nephropathy (IgAN) without nephrotic syndrome 7 cases, poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN) 24 cases and chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) 4 cases. There was no significant difference in the total lymphocyte count of each different pathological group of nephritis except that lymphopenia was noted in the CGN patients. When the lymphocyte phenotypic profile was examined, OKT8 cells were significantly increased in the MesPGN patients and both OKT4 and OKT8 cells were significantly increased in HBVMN. Comparison of MCNS and MesPGN during the acute nephrotic phase showed the OKT4/OKT8 ratio decreased significantly in MesPGN. Four weeks after steroid treatment, OKT4 cells decreased both in MCNS and MesPGN being pronounced in MCNS. In the remission stage with steroid treatment the OKT4/OKT8 ratio decreased in MCNS and was mildly elevated in MesPGN. In relapse, the OKT4/OKT8 ratio was the same as it was during the onset of nephrotic phase. MCNS cases were steroid responsive whereas in MesPGN there were frequent relapses or partial steroid response.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

��ͯ�ط���Ĥ������13���ٴ��������

目的探讨儿童特发性膜性肾病(IMN)的临床和病理特征。方法 1999年7月至2009年7月在中山大学附属第一医院确诊的IMN患儿13例,回顾性分析其临床病理特征、治疗及转归情况。结果 13例IMN患儿中男11例,女2例;就诊时中位年龄为11.4(3.0～14.5)岁;肾穿时中位病程为3.7(1.4～65.3)个月。确诊时临床表现为肾病综合征(NS)9例(单纯型1例,肾炎型8例),血尿蛋白尿3例,复发性肉眼血尿1例,伴高血压1例(7.7%)。所有患儿的肾功能均正常。肾脏病理结果:(1)光镜病理分期:Ⅰ期4例,Ⅱ期9例。4例伴肾小球球性硬化(球性硬化肾小球百分比分别为11.8%、2.9%、7.5%、4.5%),1例伴节段性硬化(节段硬化肾小球百分比为4.5%),3例伴肾小管萎缩,1例伴细胞纤维性新月体形成(3.8%)。(2)免疫荧光:以IgG、C3在肾小球基底膜(GBM)上皮下沉积为主(前者12/12例、后者10/12例),少数伴IgM、Fg、C1q和IgA沉积,但沉积强度较IgG、C3弱。(3)电镜:13例患儿GBM均有不同程度增厚,2例毛细血管腔内出现微血栓。根据患儿临床表现及病理分期予激素和(或)免疫抑制剂...     

��ͯ�ط���Ĥ���������ٴ������ص㼰����ת�飨��22�����棩

??Objective??To summarize the clinicopathological features??treatment and prognosis of childhood idiopathic membranous nephropathy??IMN??. Methods??The clinical manifestations??pathologic features??treatment and prognosis of 22 IMN children who were diagnosed by pathology from January 2005 to February 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Results??Twenty-two children??12 males and 10 females?? had an onset age range of 3 to 15 years. Clinical manifestations??hematuria and proteinuria in 4 cases??18.18%????nephrotic syndrome??NS?? in 18 cases??81.82%??. Renal biopsy results??8 cases??36.36%?? in stage??5 cases??22.73%?? in stage ??-??5 cases??22.73%?? in stage ??1 case??4.54%?? in stage ??-??atypical membranous nephropathy in 3 cases??13.64%??. Among them??12 cases??54.54%?? of M-type phospholipase A2 receptor??PLA2R?? positive were detected and 83.33%??10/12?? PLA2R positive children with an onset age older than 10 years old. Immunofluorescence showed predominantly IgG and C3 deposition. Treatment programs??in the 4 cases whose clinical manifestations were hematuria and proteinuria??2 cases were given glucocorticoid and ACEI drug treatment??the other 2 cases were given ACEI drugs alone??and they had complete remission. The 18 patients with NS all were treated with glucocorticoid and ACEI??and immunosuppressive agents were given to steroid-resistant patients. During the follow-up??18 cases??81.82%?? were completely relieved??3 cases??13.64%?? were partially relieved??and 1 patient??4.54%?? was lost of follow-up. Conclusion??Clinical manifestations of IMN are mostly nephritis nephrotic syndrome??mainly steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. Pathological performance mainly is??-??stage. The positive rate of PLA2R in junior age was lower than adolescence. Glucocorticoid combined with immunosuppressive agents has a higher response rate.     

An Estimation of Steroid Responsiveness of Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome in Iranian Children

Objective

Idiopathic Nephrotic syndrome (INS) is the most common form of nephrotic syndrome (NS) in children with the potential of progression to end stage renal disease (ESRD). INS is steroid-responsive in most children, but not all patients respond to it. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of steroid responsiveness in children with INS that referred to Children''s Medical Center since 1995 to 2007.

Methods

In as a cross sectional study, the medical records of all children with INS aged 1 to 15 years who were referred to our referral hospital was reviewed. All patients with onset of disease less than 1 year of age, spontaneous remission, secondary forms of NS associated with systemic diseases, and follow up duration of less than 12 months were excluded from the study. Patients were categorized into 6 groups: Group 1 needed biopsy prior to any treatment, group 2 non-relapsing NS, group 3 infrequently relapsing NS, Group 4 frequently relapsing NS, group 5 steroid dependent NS and group 6 steroid resistant NS.

Findings

A total of 238 patients were enrolled in the study. Kidney biopsy was performed in 79 cases. Minimal change lesion (MCL) was the most common (36.7%) pathological diagnosis. Steroid responsiveness was found in 81.5% of all cases including: 96% of MCL (consisting of biopsy proven cases and presumed ones), 32% of focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis, 73% of diffuse mesangial proliferation and 58% of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis patients. During minimal follow up period of 12 months, there were 194 patients in remission, 32 patients with active NS, and 12 patients in ESRD.

Conclusion

Our study results showed that 81.5% of all patients, 96.2% of MCL and 32% of FSGS patients initially responded to steroid therapy.     

环孢素A治疗儿童不同病理类型肾病综合征83例的疗效观察

目的　研究环孢素A(CyA)治疗儿童不同病理类型肾病综合征的临床疗效及意义。方法　 83例肾病综合征患儿入院后逐渐减用激素 ,给予口服CyA ,剂量 5mg/ (kg·d) ,疗程 3～ 6个月 ,并监测血浓度调整CyA的剂量。结果　 83例患儿经治疗后 ,尿蛋白转阴者 4 5例 (完全缓解率 5 4 % ) ,尿蛋白减少者 2 3例 (部分缓解率 2 8% ) ,未缓解 15例 (18% ) ;总有效率达 82 %。不同病理类型治疗反应 :微小病变型肾病有效率为 86 % ,系膜增殖性肾小球肾炎为 84 % ,膜增殖性肾小球肾炎为 3/ 5 ,局灶节段性肾小球硬化为 2 / 4。显效时间为 7～ 4 5d ,其效应多出现于用药 1个月内。服药后分别于 1周和 2周末 ,测定CyA的血药浓度 ,有效血浓度维持在 10 0～ 2 0 0 μg/L ,可使大部分患儿病情顺利缓解 ,疗程一般在 3～ 6个月。 83例患儿都进行了随访 ,其中 6 8例经CyA治疗缓解后的 17例在减量或停药后出现复发 ,复发率为 2 5 % ,复发的患儿重新服用CyA仍然有效。治疗过程中 5例患儿出现一过性尿肌酐的增加 ,8例尿N 乙酰 β D 氨基葡萄糖苷酶轻微增加 ,一般减量或停药后可逆转。 结论　CyA是替代皮质激素治疗难治性肾病的较好方法之一 ,能有效而快速达到治疗难治性肾病的目的 ,其治疗效果与有效的血药浓度和病理类型有关     

��ͯԭ����IgM����49���ٴ�����������о�

??Abstract:Objective To investigate the clinical characters??pathological characters??treatment and prognosis of primary IgM nephropathy in children for reference. Methods The data of 49 cases of children with primary IgM nephropathy were reviewed from Jun.2001 to Oct.2009 Department of Nephrology??in Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University.The clinical presentation??pathological features ?? curative effects and prognosis were analyzed. Results ??1?? clinical types include asymptomatic proteinuria??1/49???? gross hematuria with proteinuria??1/49????primary nephrotic syndrome??47/49??. ??2??IgM was seen as granular deposition in the mesangium under light-immunofluorescence. 7 cases were ball wall thickening or adhesion layer??8 cases were focal tubular atrophy?? 1 case had cellular fibrous crescents??6 caess had focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. ??3??Other immunosuppressants together with follow-up observation was applied in that conventional treatment unsatisfactly.Among 44 cases of follow-up observation ??35 cases after complete remission had not yet relapsed. Conclusion Primary IgM nephropathy should be seen as an independent entity??the main clinical type is primary nephrotic syndrome??refractory nephritic disease is the most common?? moderate mesangial cell proliferation is more common histological type??new immunosuppressive agents are expected to gain the better results??long-term prognosis needs further follow-up study.