幽门螺杆菌相关性疾病临床根治分析

目的探讨以雷贝拉唑为基础三联疗法治疗幽门螺杆菌相关消化性溃疡的临床疗效和安全性。方法将93例H．pylori感染的活动性消化性溃疡患者随机分成治疗组42例和对照组41例。治疗组采用雷贝拉唑＋阿莫西林＋替硝唑治疗。对照组采用奥美拉唑＋阿莫西林＋替硝唑治疗。疗程结束后4周,复查胃镜并检测HP,观察患者症状改善程度、溃疡愈合率以及HP根除情况。结果治疗组症状缓解率为95．24％（40／42）,对照组症状缓解率为87．80％（36／41）,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;治疗组溃疡愈合率和有效率均优于对照组,差异有显著性（P〈0．05）;治疗组和对照组Hp根除率分别为90．48％（38／42）和82．93％（34／41）,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;两组不良反应比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论雷贝拉唑＋阿莫西林＋替硝唑三联治疗具有疗程短、HP根除率高、副作用小的优点,是目前治疗消化性溃疡和根除HP的理想方法,值得临床推广应用。     

康复新液联合埃索美拉唑治疗消化性溃疡疗效分析

【目的】研究康复新液与埃索美拉唑联合治疗消化性溃疡的疗效。【方法】将经胃镜检查确诊的130例消化性溃疡患者随机分为两组,治疗组65例,口服康复新液10mL,每日3次,埃索美拉唑40mg,每日1次口服;对照组65例口服埃索美拉唑40mg,每日1次;疗程为4周。于治疗结束后进行临床症状疗效、胃镜下溃疡愈合情况评价。【结果】两组治疗后各症状积分和总积分均明显低于治疗前（P〈0．01）,两组间比较无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。胃镜下消化性溃疡的愈合率和总有效率治疗组为81．54％和96．92％;对照组为73．85％和89．23％,两组相比差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。【结论】康复新液联合埃索美拉唑治疗消化性溃疡可提高溃疡的愈合率和总有效率,缩短溃疡的愈合时间。     

奥美拉唑和阿莫西林联合治疗幽门螺杆菌阳性消化性溃疡并出血疗效观察

目的探讨奥美拉唑和阿莫西林联合治疗幽门螺杆菌阳性消化性溃疡并出血的疗效及安全性。方法选择幽门螺杆菌（Hp）阳性并消化道出血的消化性溃疡患者188例（治疗组）用奥美拉唑和阿莫西林治疗，另152例（对照组）用法莫替丁和阿莫西林治疗，比较这两种抑酸剂和阿莫西林配伍对Hp阳性消化性溃疡并出血的疗效。结果对消化性溃疡并出血的控制情况：治疗组总有效率为98．9％，对照组总有效率为75％，两组总有效率比较差异具有显著性意义（P〈0．05）.溃疡愈合以及幽门螺杆菌根除情况：治疗组溃疡愈合率为96．8％，Hp根除率为97．9％；对照组溃疡愈合率为71．7％，Hp根除率为79．6％。两组比较溃疡愈合率和Hp根除率差异均具有显著性（P〈0．05）。两组均未发现有严重的毒副作用。结论奥美拉唑联合阿莫西林治疗幽门螺杆菌阳性消化性溃疡并出血疗效显薯．安全性好．     

胸腺蛋白治疗消化性溃疡出血的疗效观察

目的观察胸腺蛋白对消化性溃疡出血的治疗及预防复发作用。方法将185例消化性溃疡合并上消化道出血的患者随机分为单纯奥美拉叹组和奥美拉唑＋胸腺蛋白组,每组分别为91例和94例。统计分析两组消化性溃疡出血的平均止血时间、治疗有效率及随访1年的出血复发率。结果奥美拉唑＋胸腺蛋白组与单纯奥美拉唑组比较,胃溃疡出血的平均止血时间下降有非常显著差异（P＜0．01）;而十二指肠球部溃疡出血的平均止血时间下降有显著差异（P＜0．05）。治疗胃溃疡出血、十二指肠球部溃疡出血的有效率无显著差异（P＜0．05）;但胃溃疡出血及十二指肠球部溃疡出血1年复发率下降分别有显著差异（P＜0．05）和非常显著差异（P＜0．01）。结论胸腺蛋白有缩短消化性溃疡出血的止血时间及预防出血复发作用。     

序贯疗法治疗幽门螺杆菌阳性消化性溃疡的效果

目的探讨含雷贝拉唑的10d序贯疗法对幽门螺杆菌（helicobacterpylori,HP）阳性的消化性溃疡的治疗效果。方法选取HP阳性的消化性溃疡80例,随机分为对照组与试验组,每组40例。对照组使用雷贝拉唑＋克拉霉素＋阿莫西林,疗程7d;试验组前5d给予雷贝拉唑＋阿莫西林,后5d给予雷贝拉唑＋替硝唑＋克拉霉素,然后进行抗溃疡治疗。观察2组HP根除率、溃疡愈合率及不良反应。结果对照组HP根除率为72．5％,试验组90．0％,2组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;对照组溃疡愈合率92．5％,试验组为95．0％,2组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论含雷贝拉唑的10d序贯疗法对HP阳性的消化性溃疡治疗安全、有效。     

我院2007—2008年多发性消化性溃疡发病及诊治情况分析

目的探讨多发性消化性溃疡的发病及诊治情况。方法回顾性分析本院2007-2008消化内科胃镜检查等临床资料。结果2007、2008年消化性溃疡检出率分别为23．57％;25．19％,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。多发性溃疡各占6．41％;6．33％,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。2007、2008年多发性消化性溃疡损害因素HP感染率分别为80．77％;82．76％,药物因素各占42．31％;37．93％,血清胃泌素平均值分别（139±21．3）,（141±20．9）,差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。并发症出现率分别为30．77％;37．93％,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。两种不同治疗方法患者症状缓解、溃疡愈合不良反应比较无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。HP根除率分别71．43％;95．24％,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论多发性消化性溃疡在消化性溃疡中的发病率相对稳定,HP、NSAID与胃泌素仍是最重要的致病因素,以埃索美拉唑＋左旋氧氟沙星为中心的三联疗法明显优于传统的治疗方法。     

三联疗法对幽门螺杆菌感染者胃上皮细胞的影响

目的：观察“三联疗法”对（幽门螺杆菌）感染者胃黏膜上皮细胞凋亡与一氧化氮（NO）的影响。方法；分别用TUNEL法和NADPH—d法对HP阳性的十二指肠球部溃疡（DU）、胃溃疡（GU）治疗前后以及组织学上正常的HP阴性者各10例的胃黏膜活检组织进行细胞凋亡和一氧化氮检测。结果：在HP阳性的十二指肠溃疡、胃溃疡、HP阴性的正常组织中，细胞凋亡逐渐减少，凋亡指数除在胃溃疡与球部溃疡之间差异无显著性外（P〉0．05），两组与正常组相互比较差异均有显著性（P〈0．05）。“三联疗法”后，HP转阴，细胞凋亡显著减少，NOS阳性细胞数在HP阳性的实验组比HP阴性的正常对照组显著增多（P〈0．01），但各实验组之间差异均无显著性（P〉0．05）。在HP阳性的十二指肠溃疡、胃溃疡细胞凋亡与NOS呈显著正相关（P〈0．05）。结论：HP感染能诱导胃上皮细胞凋亡，引起胃黏膜NO的升高。“三联疗法”可使HP转阴，并通过抑制胃黏膜上皮细胞凋亡与NO的产生而达到治疗作用。     

奥美拉唑三联疗法对老年人HP感染消化性溃疡疗效观察

目的 观察奥美拉唑三联疗法根除幽门螺杆菌（HP）感染的临床应用价值。方法 对33例胃溃疡、30例十二指肠球部溃疡病人用奥美拉唑、阿莫西林、灭滴灵三联疗法，并与33例胃溃疡30例十二指肠球部溃疡病人行雷尼替丁、阿莫西林、灭滴灵三联疗法分别治疗4周和2周对照。结果 治疗组与对照组停药2个月后复查，胃溃疡HP根治率分别为86．1％（31／36）及68．9％（20／33），溃疡愈合率分别为88．9％（32／36）及3．6％（21／33），十二指肠球部溃疡HP根治率分别为86．1％（26／30）及63．3％（19／30），溃疡愈合率分别为90％（27／30）及20／30（66．7％）（P〈0．05），治疗不良反应少。结论 奥美拉唑三联疗法能有效根除老年人消化性溃疡HP感染，不良反应少。     

不同制剂的硫糖铝治疗消化性溃疡的疗效观察

目的观察硫糖铝片剂与硫糖铝口服混悬液治疗消化性溃疡的疗效。方法收集经胃镜检查确诊的消化性溃疡病人95例,其中胃溃疡45例,十二指肠溃疡50例。据治疗时选用黏膜保护剜的不同分为硫糖铝片荆组和硫糖铝口服混悬液组（简称片剂组和悬液组）。6周后复查胃镜,观察溃疡面愈合状况,计算愈合率和总有效率,经统计学方法比较其差异。结果不论胃溃疡还是十二指肠溃疡,悬液组愈合率和总有效率（分别为：胃溃疡78．6％和96．4％;十二指肠溃疡80．0％和93．3％）显著高于片剂组（分别为：胃溃疡52．9％和76．5％;十二指肠溃疡50．0％和70．0％）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论硫糖铝口服混悬液在治疗消化性溃疡时疗效优于硫糖铝片剂。     

联合用药治疗消化性溃疡180例临床观察

目的观察联合用药治疗消化性溃疡的疗效及作用机制。方法将180例患者随机分为两组,对照组服用洛赛克,治疗组服用洛赛克与阿莫西林,治疗4周。结果两组症状、体征改善及促进消化性溃疡的愈合相比差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,但治疗组均高于对照组;治疗组不良反应出现率为3．3％,对照组为3．8％,两组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论联合用药具有有效杀灭幽门螺杆菌、减少复发的作用,可有效治疗消化性溃疡。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.