Body awareness group therapy for patients with personality disorders. 1. Description of the therapeutic method

The aim of this paper is to describe the Body Awareness Group Therapy (BAGT) designed for patients with personality disorders. The BAGT is a body-oriented small group therapy conducted by a physiotherapist and a cotherapist. The aim is to foster personal growth and development by use of individual and group exercises. The therapy is a synthesis of earlier clinical experiences, mostly based on works of Reich, on elements of encounter and of eastern body tradition.     

运用心理技术治疗惧畸障碍的个案研究

目的通过介绍对1名惧畸障碍患者的诊断与干预，探讨用心理技术治疗惧畸障碍的方法及过程。方法依据医学鉴定结果，症状自评量表（SCL-90）测量结果以及典型行为表现诊断惧畸障碍。根据患者的实际情况采用观察法、谈话法、认知疗法以及放松训练等心理技术，制定详细的治疗划并对其进行心理咨询与治疗。结果治疗后患者的焦虑、抑郁等消极情绪有了显著改善（P〈0．01），惧畸障碍得到了有效控制，最终治愈。结论运用观察法、谈话法、认知疗法以及放松训练等心理技术对惧畸障碍进行治疗是有效的。     

外轮廓边界搜索参数对放疗靶区和危及器官的剂量学影响

目的:对比双面膜固定条件下,外轮廓自动搜索参数设置引入的体积差异对靶区和危及器官的剂量学影响。方法:选取25例双面膜固定的全脑放疗患者,保持其他搜索条件不变的前提下,改变外轮廓搜索条件（平滑度、CT值阈值和后处理方法）并重新进行剂量计算,共计9种方案。对比改变参数后的计划与默认设置计划（Default）靶区和危及器官的剂量差异。结果:搜索条件中的平滑度和CT值对外轮廓和靶区的剂量指标影响较大。在DSL0、DSL1、DSL2、HU-550和HU-750计划中,靶区的Dmean和外轮廓的Dmax变化较明显;外轮廓Dmean的变化均值在HU-750计划中超过400 cGy。结论:Eclipse计划系统默认的搜索外轮廓的方式不适合所有情况,低平滑度和低HU限值条件搜索的外轮廓对剂量影响较大。针对全脑双面膜的患者外轮廓搜索条件,本研究建议平滑度为1,HU阈值为-550 HU。     

Body positive: a history of service

In May 1999, New York's two leading AIDS service organizations announced that they were merging. The consolidation of Body Positive (BP) and People with AIDS Coalition (PWAC) of New York will bring together two strong groups in response to changing needs and shrinking resources. The history of BP is described. Body Positive began in 1987, with its primary goal to provide information and services for people who were newly diagnosed with HIV and asymptomatic. The programs have changed and expanded over the years, to include peer-based services, social programs, and culturally diverse information. The commitment to empower people continues, by giving them the information they need to manage their lives and treatment.     

A phantom study on the positioning accuracy of the Novalis Body system

A phantom study was conducted to investigate inherent positioning accuracy of an image-guided patient positioning system-the Novalis Body system for three-dimensional (3-D) conformal radiotherapy. This positioning system consists of two infrared (IR) cameras and one video camera and two kV x-ray imaging devices. The initial patient setup was guided by the IR camera system and the target localization was accomplished using the kV x-ray imaging system. In this study, the IR marker shift and phantom rotation were simulated and their effects on the positioning accuracy were examined by a Rando phantom. The effects of CT slice thickness and treatment sites on the positioning accuracy were tested. In addition, the internal target shift was simulated and its effect on the positioning accuracy was examined by a water tank. With the application of the Novalis Body system, the positioning error of the planned isocenter was significantly reduced. The experimental results with the simulated IR marker shifts indicated that the positioning errors of the planned isocenter were 0.6 +/- 0.3, 0.5 +/- 0.2, and 0.7 +/- 0.2 mm along the lateral, longitudinal, and vertical axes, respectively. The experimental results with the simulated phantom rotations indicated that the positioning errors of the planned isocenter were 0.6 +/- 0.3, 0.7 +/- 0.2, and 0.5 +/- 0.2 mm along the three axes, respectively. The experimental results with the simulated target shifts indicated that the positioning errors of the planned isocenter were 0.6 +/- 0.3, 0.7 +/- 0.2, and 0.5 +/- 0.2 mm along the three axes, respectively. On average, the positioning accuracy of 1 mm for the planned isocenter was achieved using the Novalis Body system.     

Body self-image and homosexuality.

Adult males (N = 56) who differed in sexual orientation and preference were administered a self-report inventory that concerned their memory of the adolescent period of life. Six factors were assessed: Body self-concept, body weight problems, sports activities, parental relationships, interpersonal self-concept, and general self-concept. The results showed that homosexual males reported that they were significantly less adjusted during adolescence than heterosexual males.     

惧畸障碍

惧畸障碍 ( Body Dysmorphic Disorder)也被译为变形障碍。根据其症状表现 ,同时参照《现代英汉心理学词汇》[1 ] 对Dysmorphosis一词的翻译 ,惧畸障碍这一名称更能反映出这种精神障碍的症状表现。本文将着重介绍目前国内外关于惧畸障碍症状、分类鉴别方面的研究情况。     

躯体变形障碍研究进展

躯体变形障碍（BDD）是一种对想象或轻微外表缺陷的先占观念。作为一种精神障碍，BDD不仅危害患者的身心健康，还易引发复杂的医疗问题。本文总结了近年来有关躯体变形障碍的流行病学、病因，临床特征，以及治疗发面的进展，并对躯体变形障碍的名称由来作一回顾。     

Learn to use the Internet at Body Positive

Body Positive's Electronic Treatment Education Project (ETEP), funded by the National Library of Medicine (NLM), teaches people how to research treatment information and other issues related to HIV/AIDS on the Internet. The ETEP training is conducted over two days. The first day is an introduction to the Internet and its potential for addressing treatment issues, and the second class provides information on specific web sites. Students learn to critically evaluate the sites. The Internet is an excellent tool to research the ever-changing information related to HIV treatment. Information is included for class registration.     

Type A personality in Australian twins

We examined the genetic and environmental determinants of Type A behavior in 200 pairs of same-sex twins as measured by the structured interview (SI) of Rosenman and Friedman and by the Bortner questionnaire (BARS). As noted previously, these measures are poorly correlated (r=.30). Quite different heritabilities were found for the two measures (63% for SI, 23% for BARS), and the correlation between the two was found to be largely genetic. Although the sample size meant that differences in correlation between MZ and DZ twins on the BARS were not significant in univariate analyses, they were suggestive of twin competition effects, as other twin studies have found. We conclude that further genetic analyses should concentrate on component behaviors rather than the overall Type A construct.     

Body image,body dissatisfaction and weight status in children from Emilia-Romagna (Italy): comparison between immigrant and native-born

Background: Cross-sectional study among immigrant and native children from Emilia-Romagna (Italy).

Aim: The purpose of the present study was to examine the relative contribution of weight status, ethnicity and sex on body dissatisfaction in a sample of children from Emilia-Romagna (Italy).

Subjects and methods: Primary school children (226 immigrants and 1206 Italians) aged 6–11 years were measured: immigrant children were divided into Asians, Africans, Latin Americans and East Europeans. Height and weight were measured and Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated. Body image perception was assessed using Body Silhouette Charts. A body dissatisfaction score (BDS) was derived by subtracting the "ideal self" from the "self" score.

Results: Weight status disorders were higher in immigrants than in native-born males; Italian females had higher prevalence of underweight and overweight and lower prevalence of obesity than immigrants peers. BDS rose with the increase of weight status categories.

Conclusions: Awareness of body image size and increasing body dissatisfaction with higher weight status is established in childhood, regardless of ethnicity and gender.     

青少年学生体像烦恼、孤独、应对方式的相关研究

目的了解青少年学生的体像烦恼、孤独及应对方式三者的关系。方法采用调查问卷对293名中学生进行调查,收集体像烦恼、孤独和应对方式的有关指标及身高、体重等人口学资料。结果1体像烦恼与消极应对方式相关显著,与孤独相关不显著。2孤独与积极应对方式相关显著,与消极应对方式相关不显著。3积极应对方式、性别烦恼与BMI均相关显著。结论有体像烦恼和孤独的青少年学生倾向于采用消极应对方式,偏胖或偏瘦的青少年学生对自己的性别不满意,这些在高一年级学生身上表现得比较明显。     

Body dysmorphic disorder: a review of conceptualizations, assessment, and treatment strategies

Increased interest in body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) has generated a wealth of recent research. This paper reviews the current literature regarding conceptualizations of the disorder, the development of assessment tools, and treatment outcome. Although BDD has been viewed as a variant of an eating disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, or a somatoform disorder, it appears best conceptualized as a body image disorder with social, psychological, and possibly biological influences. Assessment instruments with acceptable psychometric properies have been developed to specifically assess BDD (e.g., the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Examination and the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale modified for Body Dysmorphic Disorder). Examination and the initial results from uncontrolled and controlled treatment research suggest that cognitive behavioral treatments for BDD may be as effective as those for possibly related disorders such as obsessive compulsive disorder and bulimia nervosa.     

Treating Palliative Care Patients with Pain with the Body Tambura: A Prospective Case Study at St. Joseph's Hospice for Dying destitute in Dindigul South India

Background:

The Body Tambura is a recently invented stringed instrument that is used for receptive music therapy designed to be placed and attached on the human body. The aim of this study was to record perceived effects of a treatment with the Body Tambura on palliative care patients with special reference to pain.

Materials and Methods:

A prospective case study was carried out with patients of St. Joseph''s Hospice for Dying Destitute in Dindigul/South India. Patients were treated with a treatment after baseline assessment and also on the next day. Outcomes were measured quantitatively by using a numeric rating scale (0–10, 10 maximum intensity of pain felt) at baseline, directly after treatment, and the day after the treatment to determine the intensity of the pain.

Results:

Ten patients (five women and five men) participated in the study. The majority described the therapy as a pleasant experience. The pain intensity at baseline was reduced from 8.3 ± standard deviation (SD) 1.16 to 4.6 ± 1.52 at day 1 and from 4.6 ± 2.07 to 2.4 ± 1.58 at day 2.

Conclusion:

A clinically relevant pain reduction was described as short time outcome; the therapy was received and perceived well. Forthcoming research should include a control group, randomization, a larger number of participants, and a longer period of treatment.     

Body image and nonsuicidal self‐injury: Validation of the Body Investment Scale in participants with eating disorders

The Body Investment Scale (BIS) assesses body image feelings, body care, protection of the body, and comfort in touch, in order to identify and distinguish participants with self‐harming and self‐destructive tendencies. However, the psychometric properties of the BIS were not analysed in participants diagnosed with eating disorders. The main objective of the present study is to confirm the factor structure of the Spanish version of the BIS and analyse its psychometric properties in a sample composed of women diagnosed with eating disorders. Participants were 250 Spanish women between 12 and 60 years old (M = 26.05, SD = 11.97) diagnosed with eating disorders. A confirmatory factor analysis showed a poor fit of the original BIS. The final model showed an acceptable 4‐factor structure (Body Feelings, α = .88; Body Touch, α = .82; Body Protection, α = .77; Body Care, α = .68), with a good fit to the data (SBχ²₍₂₄₆₎ = 393.21, CFI = .906, IFI = .908, RMSEA = .049). The relationships between the BIS and both the Purpose‐In‐Life Test—10 Items and Beck Hopelessness Scale were analysed, as well as differences in the BIS score according to nonsuicidal self‐injuries and suicidal ideation in the past year. The BIS is an appropriate instrument to assess the body investment dimension of body image in women with eating disorders.     

Body temperature and its relationship to demographic and cardiovascular risk factors in a national sample of children and adolescents.

The association of body temperature with demographic, maturational, constitutional, and cardiovascular risk variables was investigated in a large, representative sample of US children and adolescents in the Health Examination Survey. While body temperatures in children ages 6 to 11 years were not related to demographic variables, temperatures in children ages 12 to 17 were lower at older ages, higher in females than males, and higher in whites than blacks. In multiple regression analyses, demographic variables, maturational variables, and variables related to heat production or loss explained less than 10% of the variation in body temperature. Body temperature was a significant independent correlate of resting heart rate and systolic blood pressure at ages 6 to 11 and 12 to 17. Body temperature showed weak tracking over a follow-up interval averaging 44 months.     

Body mass index and the prediction of percentage body fat in Australian Chinese women.

BACKGROUND: Body mass index (BMI) is frequently related to percentage body fat. Nevertheless the relationship between BMI and fat mass/height2 (FM/H2), theoretically, should be more appropriate. AIM: This study seeks to evaluate the relationship between BMI and both percentage body fat and FM/H2 in a group of Chinese Australian females. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Forty subjects took part in the study and all were Chinese females resident in Brisbane, Australia. Body mass index was calculated from height and weight. Percentage body fat and fat mass were calculated from measurements of total body water. RESULTS: The use of BMI to predict FM/H2 accounted for double the variance of that found when BMI was used to predict percentage body fat. CONCLUSIONS: As a consequence, it is possible that the use of BMI to predict FM/H2 and not percentage body fat in the first instance may prove to be more useful in a number of adult populations. Nevertheless, with a relatively small sample size it is difficult, if not impossible, to test the developed equations on a validation group and further investigation into the findings described in this paper needs to be undertaken.     

Adolescent Build Plotting on Body Composition Chart and the Type of Diabetes Mellitus

Although the prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing, there are cases difficult to categorize into certain type in pediatric diabetic patients. The aims of this study were to detect and choose a proper treatment modality for atypical cases of diabetes mellitus, using the body composition chart. We conducted a retrospective study from August 2005 to 2012 with patients who visited Konkuk University Medical Center, and were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. The medical records were reviewed for the anthropometric data and indices of body composition. The subjects were grouped by the type of diabetes and gender. We constructed a body composition chart plotting fat free mass index and fat mass index (FMI). Body mass index and all body composition indices were higher in type 2 diabetes, in each gender in analysis with Mann-Whitney test. Significant determinant of diabetes type was revealed as FMI and contributing factors on FMI were analyzed with regression analysis. Six atypical cases were identified by a body composition chart including non-obese type 2 diabetes showing suboptimal growth with lower BMI related to relatively lower insulin secretion and type 1 diabetes with insulin resistance resulted from obesity. Body composition chart analysis might be useful in characterization of diabetes type and detection of atypical cases and early adjustment of diabetes management strategy.     

Body elemental composition of the neonate: New reference data

The total body elemental content of seventeen neonates at postmortem was examined; deaths had occurred within 10 days of birth. Body weights ranged from 510 to 4,050 g at examination; gestational ages at birth ranged from 24 to 42 weeks. Nondestructive in situ procedures were used: ⁴⁰K counting and delayed-gamma neutron activation analysis. The total body content of K, Ca, P, Na, and Cl was measured and compared with estimates for the reference fetus model. Body elemental contents were significantly correlated with body weight (r = 0.92?0.98, P < 0.001). These data will be useful in determining postnatal nutritional needs. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Body Worlds exhibition—Visitor attitudes and emotions

BACKGROUND: Plastination is a new technique for odorless preservation of cadavers. Public exhibition of cadavers has raised controversy but attracted many people. METHOD: A total of 1078 visitors of the "Body Worlds" Exposition 2003 in Munich were surveyed about their emotional reactions, attitudes and health intentions to assess whether they learned more about human anatomy and aspects of health care. RESULTS: Most, 81.4% visited the exposition to learn more about anatomic structure and function of their own bodies, 86.4% considered this accomplished. Many, 49.8% visitors also felt disturbed. About 74.5% named curiosity as their motive. At least, 40.6% were led to reflect on their own mortality. In total, 42.6% resolved to pursue a healthier lifestyle. CONCLUSION: The "Body Worlds" Exposition teaches medical staff and lay people more about human anatomy, as well as the transience of life. About 94.3% visitors pleaded against prohibiting the exposition. The Body Worlds exhibition could improve its reputation if more information and incentives for health care were provided.