T向量环改变对心肌缺血的早期诊断价值

对4组共223例不同检测者的ECG和VCG的T环4项指标进行分析。结果表明:1.心肌缺血时VCG的T环改变比ECG上的T波和ST段改变更为敏感;2.当T环电压小于0.3mV、T环长/宽比值和T/QRS比值变小时结合临床可考虑为早期心肌供血不足。     

P向量环对左房肥大的诊断价值

为探讨VCG P环变化对左房肥大的诊断价值,观察100例器质性心脏病及40例正常人VCG之P环变化、ECG之P波改变,并与UCG所测左房大小对比分析.结果:VCG诊断标准横面P环指向左后方,最大P向量(-10°——90°),振幅>0.10mV,敏感性(81.6%)明显高于ECG标准PTFv_1<-0.03mm·s(59.2%)(P<0.05),而两种标准的特异性相近.提示部分左房肥大ECG V_1导联P波尚未出现变化时VCG横面P环已有明显改变.     

139例健康人心向量与心电图对比分析

目的 了解常规心电图（ECG）与心向量图（VCG）诊断指标的吻合性及临床价值。方法 对139例健康者用美国Macvu-002 UE型机描记的ECG及VCG从表现到结果,进行统计分析。结果 ECG与 VCG在左室高电压、T波的诊断上存在显著差异（P＜0.01）,在低电压的诊断上相关性不大,VCG横面QRS环出现1例呈顺钟向运行。结论 VCG将各面QRS环最大向量的检测结果列为诊断指标欠妥,ECG与VCG联合使用可以起到很好的互补作用。     

异常心向量图T环的82例分析

目的探讨心向量图(VCG)T环异常的诊断价值。方法选择82例VCG前额面(XY)、横面(XZ)、右侧面(Z-Y),T环异常患者同时作12导联常规心电图(ECG)作对比分析。结果82例VCGT环异常患者中:①ECG在正常范围内39例(占47.5%),其VCG表现为:T/R比<1/5,21例(占53.8%);横面T环运动方向改变11例(占28.2%)。②ECGT波异常者43例(占52.5%),其VCG表现为:T/R比值异常41例(占95.5%);T角异常26例(占60.4%);QRS/T夹角异常16例(占37.2%);H面T环运行方向改变14例(占32.5%);T环形态改变14例(占32.5%)。结论在VCG中同时出现T/R比<1/5、T角异常、QRS/T夹角增大或出现以上二项异常时诊断T环的阳性率较高。     

心向量图与心电图对冠心病诊断价值的探讨

心电图(ECG)及心向量图(VCG)目前仍是临床诊断冠心病的常用检查方法,两者中应用较多的为ECG,其诊断依据为ST段及T波的异常,但阳性率偏低,在安静状态下ECG的阳性率仅为40％左右。有报告认为VCG检查可获得     

正常变异心电图ST段及T波改变与心向量图 横面T环顺钟向运行的关系

目的了解正常变异心电图(ECG)ST段及T波(ST－T)改变与心向量图(VCG)横面T环顺钟向运行(顺转)的关系。方法对122例VCG横面T环顺转及可转向并有ECGST－T改变者进行4种状态下的ECG检测。结果VCG横面T环顺转及可转向者的ECGST－T改变,可通过口服普萘洛尔、变换体位或运动试验,使之恢复正常,与对照组相比,差异有非常显著性意义(P＜0.01)。结论ECGST－T改变通过矫正而恢复正常者,部分考虑与心脏发育欠成熟、心脏神经功能调节不良有关。VCG检查可帮助正常变异ECGST－T改变的诊断。     

急性右室梗死心向量图分析

目的通过心电图(ECG)与心向量图(VCG)同时记录分析,及时发现诊断急性右室梗死(ARVI)。方法选自临床诊断明确,心肌酶谱(CK-MB)升高,有典型急性右室梗死ECG与VCG资料。分析在有或无左室梗死条件下急性右室梗死心向量图改变。结果 4例ARVI以ST向量向右侧增大为主要特点。单纯右室梗死ST向量指向右上方,伴有下壁梗死ST向量指向右前下方,伴有下、后壁梗死的ST向量指向右后下方。结论 VCG对ARVI有较高的诊断价值。     

心电向量图对心肌缺血诊断的应用价值

对138名心电向量图(VCG)符合心肌缺血者同时做心电图(ECG)检查，经分析各项测值发现，VCG诊断心肌缺血优于ECG。主要表现为R／T比值增大，ST向量右偏，其次为T环L／W比值减小，T环向量右偏。     

心向量图和心电图对肺心病右心室肥厚诊断价值的对比分析

目的 比较心电向量图（VCG）和心电图（ECG）对肺心病右心室肥厚（RVH）的诊断价值。方法 对60例经超声心动图（UC（;）及临床确诊为RVH的肺心病者进行VCO和ECA9检查。结果 VCG诊断为RVH55例,检出率为91．67％,ECG诊断为RVH26例,检出率为4,3．33％。结论 VCG对诊断RVH的价值优于ECG,有显著差异（P〈0．01）。     

向量图Q及T环异常与冠状动脉造影的对照分析

为评价民 VCG 和 ECG 对冠心病的诊断价值,观察50例冠脉及心室造影病人的 Q 及 T 向量改变,结果向量图和心电图对前壁心肌梗塞诊断符合率分别为92.3%和53.8%;下壁梗塞分别为81.8%和45.4%。侧壁梗塞均为33.3%;向量图对心肌缺血也有较高的敏感性(86.9%)及特异性(92.4%),并优于心电图;而且假阳性各组均较低。表明向量图在诊断心肌梗塞及心肌缺血方面,均有较好的诊断效能。     

心向量图与心电图对诊断心肌缺血敏感性的对比分析

目的通过心向量图与心电图对诊断心肌缺血敏感性的对比,进而寻找对缺血性心脏病疾病(如克山病、冠心病等)较为敏感的检查方法,以便为这类病人的早日治疗和早日康复提供时间。方法选择有冠心病症状和无冠心病症状的两组人群,同时进行心向量图和心电图的检查,以比较它们诊断心肌缺血异常项目的检出率。结果心向量图的检查不论是在有冠心病症状组还是无冠心病症状组,对心肌缺血异常项目的检出率均明显地高于心电图。结论对心肌缺血的诊断心向量图的检查比心电图的检查更敏感。     

The incidence and clinical significance of ECG-VCG changes of myocardial infarction following aortocoronary saphenous vein bypass surgery

The electrocardiogram and vectorcardiogram were analyzed in 35 consecutive patients before and after undergoing elective aortocoronary saphenous vein bypass grafting for angina pectoris. Typical changes of perioperative myocardial infarction were seen in 40 per cent (ECG) and 46 per cent (VCG). Changes of ST segments and T wave could not be correlated with QRS changes of infarction. Surgery with or without infarction resulted in a loss in R wave voltage in anterior and lateral precordial leads (V₄, V₅, and V₆) as well as in a symmetric shrinkage of the vector loop in the transverse and frontal planes.Comparing one year follow-up results of those with versus those without perioperative VCG changes of infarction showed that late death, clinical evidence of myocardial damage, and reinfarction were more frequent in the infarction group. However, no difference in N.Y.H.A. functional classification, congestive heart failure alone, or persistence of angina pectoris could be demonstrated between the two groups. The ECG and VCG changes of perioperative infarction are common with this operation and helped to predict late morbidity and death.     

右束支传导阻滞T环形态及异常的临床价值探讨

目的 :探讨心电向量图对右束支传导阻滞 (RBBB)的T环形态及异常的临床价值。方法 :对心电图无RBBB的心肌梗死 (MI)患者 (MI组 )、正常人 (对照组 )各 5 0例及心电图RBBB者 (RBBB组 ,6 6例 )进行心电向量图检查 ,分析T向量环形态及临床意义。结果 :对照组T环形态多呈狭长型 ,占 96 % (4 8/ 5 0 ) ;MI组T环多呈圆小型、狭小型和圆长型 ,占 94 % (4 7/ 5 0 )。两组比较差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 1)。RBBB组中正常亚组 (31例 ) ,T环形态呈狭长型占 90 .3% (2 8/ 31) ,异常亚组 (35例 )T环形态呈圆小型、狭小型和圆长型 ,占 71.4 % (2 5 /35 )。两亚组比较差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :心电向量图检查可以揭示RBBB的T环改变 ,对心肌缺血病变的早期诊断具有重要意义     

Assessment of right ventricular overload in patients with chronic pulmonary disease by 12-lead electrocardiography, vectorcardiography, and body surface electrocardiographic mapping

Twenty-eight patients with chronic pulmonary diseases were examined with standard 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG), vectorcardiogram (VCG), and body surface ECG mapping (MAP). The electrocardiographic findings were compared with results of 99 mTc radionuclide right ventriculography or T1-201 myocardial scintigraphy. In a stepwise multiple regression analysis between the electrocardiographic parameters and right ventricular ejection fraction, only the amplitude of the negative P wave in V2 (r = 0.69), the posterior force of P loop in VCG (r = 0.71), and the size of -2SD area at 50 msec QRS potential departure map (r = 0.55) were selected as the parameters in standard ECG, VCG, and MAP, respectively. On the radionuclide ventriculography and myocardial scintigraphy, 14 patients were judged to have right ventricular overload. The criteria by VCG, and MAP had better sensitivity and specificity for right ventricle overload than those by 12-lead ECG. VCG criteria of Chou et al had sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 71%. MAP criteria, departure index of F3 or F4 less than or equal to -2, had sensitivity of 86% and specificity of 79%. The electrocardiographic findings by standard 12-lead ECG, VCG and body surface ECG mapping are useful parameters for the noninvasive detection of right ventricular overload in patients with chronic pulmonary diseases.     

胸导联心电图R-ST-T变化对心尖肥厚型心肌病的诊断价值

目的探讨胸导联心电图R-ST-T变化与心尖肥厚型心肌病(AHCM)的关系.方法对经超声心动图和/或左心室造影确诊的42例AHCM病人(AHCM组)及35例非AHCM病人(对照组)的心电图进行对比分析,分析胸导联心电图R-ST-T变化(R波增高呈RV4＞RV5＞RV3,T波倒置呈TV4＞TV5＞TV3,ST段下移,且均无动态演变)对判断AHCM的临床价值.结果 AHCM组心电图出现异常42例(100%).胸导联心电图R-ST-T变化在AHCM的出现率为78.6%,显著高于对照组的8.6%(P＜0.01).胸导联心电图R-ST-T变化预测AHCM的敏感度为78.6%、特异度为91.4%.5例AHCM病人胸导联心电图R-ST-T变化早于超声心动图及左心室造影改变.结论胸导联心电图R-ST-T变化是诊断AHCM的敏感、特异的预测指标,心电图对AHCM的诊断具有早期预测意义.     

完全性右束支传导阻滞并左前分支阻滞 T环特点及意义

目的:探讨完全性右束支传导阻滞(CRBBB)并左前分支传导阻滞(LAFB)的T环形态及异常的临床价值.方法:对正常人(对照组)和陈旧性心肌梗死患者(OMI组)各50例及心电图(ECG)符合CRBBB加LAFB诊断(CRBBB加LAFB组)84例行心电向量图(VCG)检查.根据临床资料CRBBB加LAFB组分为无器质性心脏病的正常亚组(A组,39例)和有器质性心脏病的异常亚组(B组,45例).分析T向量环改变及临床意义.结果:对照组T环形态多呈狭长型,占96%(48/50);OMI组T环多呈圆小型、狭小型和圆长型,占94.0%(47/50),2组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).CRBBB加LAFB组:A组T环形态呈狭长型94.9%(37/39);B组T环形态呈圆小型、狭小型和圆长型占84.4%(38/45),2组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).而A组与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:CRBBB加LAFB者VCG示T环呈圆小型、狭小型与心肌缺血有关,T环呈狭长型可能为传导系统原发性退行性变所致.     

Assessment of echocardiographic left atrial enlargement in patients with atrial fibrillation. An electrovectorcardiographic study.

Standard 12 lead electrocardiograms (ECG) and timed Frank vectorcardiograms (VCG) were recorded in 53 subjects with atrial fibrillation. Thirty-eight patients had echocardiographically documented left atrial enlargement (greater than 4.0 cm) and 15 patients had normal atrial dimensions. The magnitude of the largest "f" wave component during an average cycle length was measured in lead V1 of the ECG and the horizontal plane VCG running loop. Relative sensitivies for detection of left atrial enlargement were: VCG, 25/38 (66%) and ECG 10/38 (26%). An enlarged left atrial internal dimension was diagnosed by the VCG alone in 21 of the 38 subjects (55%). In the group of 15 patients with normal echocardiographic left atrial internal dimensions the prevalence of ECG false positive diagnosis for enlarged left atrial size was 6% in contrast with 0% for the VCG. It is concluded that: 1) the timed Frank VCG is superior to the ECG for the detection of echocardiographically demonstrable left atrial enlargement; 2) the timed VCG and ECG represent complementary techniques for identifying patients with abnormally large left atria; and 3) large fibrillatory waves are rarely observed on the ECG or VCG when the left atrial internal dimension is echographically normal.     

Electro-vectorcardiographic analysis of the negative, diphasic and bifid T wave in right precordial leads in young subjects

Morphology, genesis and incidence of isolated T wave abnormalities on right precordial leads of healthy young individuals were studied in this work. ECG were obtained from 1510 healthy subjects aged 14 to 40 years consecutively submitted to a cardiological evaluation in order to assess their fitness for sport. In 510 of them a VCG was made too. The results showed that T waves were rarely negative beyond V1 (0.46%) and even more rarely negative from V1 to V3 (0.13%); diphasic T waves were present in 2.38% and bifid T waves in 6.15% of our cases. The T loop of VCG tended to be more posteriorly displaced and evolved from a counterclockwise to a clockwise rotation as the presence of negative T waves spread toward left on precordial leads. The "+-" type of diphasic T wave corresponded to a counterclockwise rotation of the T loop, the "-+" type to a clockwise rotation. Bifid T waves were associated with figure of eight or "arched" T loops of VCG. The T loops of those subjects who underwent a second evaluation after several years tended to be displaced more anteriorly, with counterclockwise rotation. The causes of these T wave abnormalities have not been clearly explained yet, even if a slight delay in the right final vectors was present in the majority of our cases.     

Prognostic value of ECG findings for total, cardiovascular disease, and coronary heart disease death in men and women

OBJECTIVE: To study abnormalities in the resting ECG as independent predictors for all cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality in a population based random sample of men and women, and to explore whether their prognostic value is different between sexes. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: An age and sex stratified random sample was selected from the total Belgian population aged 25 to 74 years. Baseline data were gathered and resting ECGs were classified according to Minnesota code criteria. The sample was then followed for at least 10 years with respect to cause specific death. Results are based on observations from 5208 men and 4746 women free from prevalent CHD at the start of the follow up period. RESULTS: Although the prevalence of major abnormalities in general was comparable between sexes, women had more ischaemic findings, ST segment changes, and abnormal T waves on their baseline ECG, while men showed more arrhythmias, bundle branch blocks, and left ventricular hypertrophy. Fitting the multiplicative effect on subsequent mortality between all ECG classifications under study and sex indicated that the prognostic value of ECG changes was equal in women and men. Independently of other risk factors and other major ECG changes, almost all ECG classifications were significantly related to all cause, CVD, and CHD mortality. The most predictive ECG findings for CVD death were ST segment depression (risk ratio (RR) 4.71), major ECG findings (RR 3.26), left ventricular hypertrophy (RR 2.79), bundle branch blocks (RR 2.58), T wave flattening (RR 2.47), ischaemic ECG findings (RR 2.35), and arrhythmias (RR 2.15). The prognostic value of major ECG findings for CVD and CHD death was more powerful than well established cardiovascular risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Abnormalities in the baseline ECG are strongly associated with subsequent all cause, CVD, and CHD mortality. Their predictive value was similar for men and women.