内镜下气囊扩张术治疗贲门失弛缓症28例临床观察

目的：观察内镜下气囊扩张术治疗贲门失弛缓症的疗效。方法：应用内镜下气囊扩张术治疗28例贲门失弛缓症患者后，观察其临床症状，复查胃镜或X线检查，以了解其疗效。结果：28例患者症状都得到缓解，复查胃镜及X践检查均较扩张前明显改善。结论：内镜下气囊扩张术治疗贲门失弛缓症因费用低，安全性高，疗效确切，已成为首选治疗方法。     

内镜直视下气囊扩张术治疗贲门失弛缓症32例分析

目的：观察内镜下气囊扩张术治疗贲门失弛缓症的疗效。方法：应用内镜直视下气囊扩张术治疗32例贲门失弛缓症患者,术后6个月、1 a、2 a定期随访,询问相关病史,并经内镜和钡餐检查,评估其治疗效果。结果：32例患者近期症状均得到了缓解,远期有少数（6.3%）复发,经2次扩张后均无复发。结论：内镜下气囊扩张术治疗贲门失弛缓症可获得良好的近期和远期疗效,具有费用低、安全性高,疗效确切的特点,是治疗贲门失弛缓症的首选方法。     

内镜下气囊扩张术治疗贲门失弛缓症的中远期疗效

目的：观察内镜下气囊扩张术治疗贲门失弛缓症的中远期疗效,探索贲门失弛缓症的非手术治疗方法。方法：对内镜／钡餐检查诊断为贲门失弛缓症的68例患者,用直径3．0cm,3.5cm气囊行内镜下气囊扩张治疗,疗效判断按Stooler分级法,吞咽困难减轻1级为有效,减轻2级或无醒阻为显效,以首次扩张治疗后6月－1年为中期疗效,1年以上为远期疗效,计算该疗法的中远期有效率,结果：中期疗效达100％,远期疗效为98．4％,少数复发病例再次扩张治疗后吞咽困难症状缓减,无食道大出血,穿孔等重并发症发生,结论：内镜下气囊扩张术治疗贲门失弛缓症具有良好的中远期疗效,值得推广应用。     

经内镜气囊扩张治疗贲门失弛缓症的护理

[目的]探讨内镜下气囊扩张治疗贲门失弛缓症的护理措施。[方法]对38例贲门失弛缓症病人行术前充分准备、心理护理、术中娴熟的配合、术后饮食及并发症的观察及护理。[结果]38例病人应用气囊扩张治疗贵门失弛缓症1次-3次后成功率100％，无护理并发症发生。[结论]内镜下气囊扩张治疗贲门失弛缓症方法有效，损伤小，术前充分准备、术中密切配合、术后严密观察并发症是治疗成功的重要保证。     

经内镜气囊扩张治疗贲门失弛缓症的护理

[目的]探讨内镜下气囊扩张治疗贲门失弛缓症的护理措施。[方法]对38例贲门失弛缓症病人行术前充分准备、心理护理、术中娴熟的配合、术后饮食及并发症的观察及护理。[结果]38例病人应用气囊扩张治疗贲门失弛缓症1次～3次后成功率100%,无护理并发症发生。[结论]内镜下气囊扩张治疗贲门失弛缓症方法有效,损伤小,术前充分准备、术中密切配合、术后严密观察并发症是治疗成功的重要保证。     

贲门失弛缓症60例内镜下扩张治疗的术中配合

目的探讨内镜下气囊扩张术治疗贲门失弛缓症的术中配合技巧。方法配合医生对60例贲门失弛缓症患者进行内镜下扩张治疗。结果所有患者均顺利完成扩张治疗,未出现出血、穿孔、感染等严重并发症。结论娴熟的配合技巧是提高扩张治疗术疗效、防止并发症发生的有利保障。     

经胃镜气囊扩张治疗贲门失弛缓症36例临床分析

目的观察经内镜气囊扩张治疗贲门失弛缓的疗效与并发症的预防。方法应用贲门失弛缓扩张器在内镜直视下对36例贲门失弛缓症进行扩张治疗。结果贲门立即较术前明显增大,内镜可无任何阻力顺利通过,20h后吞咽困难完全消失,显效32例,有效2例,2例穿孔,总有效率94％。结论内镜下气囊扩张治疗贲门失弛缓症近期效果确切,费用低,可重复性好,是一种理想的非手术方法,可作为首选治疗方法。     

内镜下气囊扩张治疗贲门失弛缓症的护理

目的探讨内镜下气囊扩张治疗贲门失弛缓症的护理。方法回顾分析2015年5月-2016年5月在我院行内镜下气囊扩张治疗的22例贲门失弛缓症患者的病例资料,总结术前、术中和术后护理经验。结果 22例患者共行内镜下气囊扩张23次,其中1例患者扩张2次,一个月后随访21例,1例失访。术后均无出血和穿孔等并发症,随访8个月无复发。结论内镜下气囊扩张治疗贲门失弛缓症具有安全性高、创伤小的特点。术前评估充分、准备完善,术中医护密切配合,术后严密观察并发症是治疗成功的重要保证。     

贲门失弛缓症的循证治疗

目的:评价各种贲门失弛缓症治疗方法的有效性和安全性.方法:检索Medline数据库、Cochrane图书馆的随机对照试验和系统评价以及NGC(national guideline clearinghouse)网站相关临床指南,评价贲门失弛缓症的各种治疗方法,为临床实践提供最佳的循证医学证据.结果:共检索到18项结果,共评估了药物治疗、内镜下治疗和外科治疗贲门失弛缓症的疗效和安全性.结论:基于目前的临床证据,我们认为,药物治疗可作为一种暂时治疗方法;内镜下气囊扩张治疗可作为首选治疗方法;内镜下注射肉毒杆菌毒素治疗可作为那些不适合作明确治疗(气囊扩张或手术治疗)患者的一种辅助治疗.对于那些反复扩张或注射效果不佳患者,推荐外科治疗.     

内镜下球囊扩张治疗贲门失弛缓症68例

目的:探讨内镜下球囊扩张术治疗贲门失弛缓症的临床疗效。方法:对68例临床确诊为贲门失弛缓症的患者采用美国Rigiflex球囊扩张器,扩张压力10～15psi,平均扩张次数3～4次。结果:扩张后临床效果良好,近期疗效100%,未见严重并发症。结论:内镜下球囊扩张术治疗贲门失弛缓症是一种有效、安全且创伤小,治愈率高,治疗周期短的方法。     

胃镜下逐级气囊扩张治疗贲门失驰缓症29例临床分析

目的探讨胃镜下逐级气囊扩张治疗贲门失驰症的疗效和安全性。方法29例贲门失驰症患者行胃镜直视下逐级气囊扩张治疗,术后定期随访,观察患者临床症状缓解情况。结果扩张技术成功率100％,29例患者治疗后吞咽困难症状都得到缓解,未发生穿孔并发症。随访时间为一年。1个月时症状缓解率为100％,1年时为88．0％。结论胃镜直视下逐级气囊扩张治疗贲门失驰症具有安全性高、疗效确切、损伤小等优点,是贲门失驰症的理想和首选治疗方法。     

内镜下气囊扩张治疗贲门失弛缓症远期疗效观察

目的 观察内镜下气囊扩张治疗贲门失弛缓症远期疗效。方法 采用日产Pentax电子胃镜，美国产Miorovasive Rigiflex贲门失弛缓扩张气囊，在内镜下行气囊括张治疗，观察治疗2年后临床症状、食管X线拍片等方面的疗效及复发情况。结果 29例扩张治疗时间最长的为17年，最短的2年，平均7．5年。29例患者的营养状况明显好转，体质量增加最多的为18．0kg。最少的2．5kg。平均体质量增加了3．9kg，25例（4例未复查）再次复查食管吞钡X线拍片。并与治疗前相比。食管腔直径缩小最多的2.4cm，最小的0．8cm，平均1．7cm。无1例复发。结论 气囊扩张疗效确切，操作较容易，患者痛苦小。并发症少，复发率低。     

Short-term and long-term results of endoscopic balloon dilation for achalasia: 12 years' experience

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: This retrospective study reports 12 years' experience with pneumatic dilation treatment in patients with achalasia and attempts to define factors capable of predicting failure of endoscopic dilation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Consecutive patients with achalasia who received endoscopic balloon dilation were studied retrospectively. Repeat dilation was carried out if dysphagia persisted or recurred. A structured symptom score questionnaire (the Eckardt score) was conducted by phone with patients who had received dilation and had been followed up for more than 2 years. Failure was defined as the presence of significant dysphagic symptoms after more than two repeat dilations. Data for the first 2 years (short-term) and for the subsequent follow-up (long-term) were analyzed. RESULTS: From 1989 to 2001, 66 patients underwent endoscopic balloon dilation for achalasia; three perforations (4.5 %) occurred, with no mortalities. Dysphagic symptoms significantly improved 12 weeks after the procedure ( P < 0.05). Fourteen patients (20 %) required a second dilation procedure within a median of 7 months (range 1 - 52 months), and 13 of them underwent repeat dilations within the first 2 years. Five patients (7.5 %) required further surgical or endoscopic therapy. Fifty-eight patients received pneumatic dilation for more than 2 years; 32 (55 %) responded to the questionnaire. The mean dysphagia score was 1.7 (SD 1.2), with only five patients (16 %) having significant dysphagic symptoms during a median follow-up period of 55 months (range 26 - 130 months). The cumulative success rates for pneumatic dilation after 5 and 19 years were 74 % and 62 %, respectively. Cox regression analysis identified small balloon size (30 mm) as the only significant factor capable of predicting failure of endoscopic dilation ( P = 0.009; relative risk 5.3; 95 % confidence interval, 1.7 to 40.9). CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic balloon dilation is an effective treatment for achalasia, with minimal morbidity (60 % experience long-term benefit).     

Treatment of achalasia: botulinum toxin injection vs. pneumatic balloon dilation. A prospective study with long-term follow-Up.

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: In patients with achalasia, intrasphincteric injection of botulinum toxin (BTX) has been suggested as an alternative regimen to balloon dilation and has been shown to be superior to placebo injection. The aim of the present study was to test the effectiveness, the long-term outcome and the cumulative costs of BTX injection in consecutive patients with symptomatic achalasia in comparison with pneumatic balloon dilation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 37 patients, who presented with symptomatic achalasia between January 1994 and December 1996 were treated with either BTX injection (n = 23) or pneumatic dilation (n = 14). Patients with short-term or long-term symptomatic failures of the initial procedure were treated again, either with the same or with the alternative method, depending on the initial response and on the patient's wish. Symptoms were assessed using a global symptom score (0 - 10) which was evaluated before treatment and 1 week, 1 month and then every 6 months after the treatment. In addition, body weight and recurrence of symptoms were noted and manometry was carried out before and after treatment. The patients were regularly contacted for the long-term follow-up. RESULTS: There were significant improvements in the global symptom scores of all patients treated, in both the BTX injection group (before 8.2 +/- 1.3, after 3.0 +/- 1.6) and the dilation group (before 8.3 +/- 1.1, after 2.3 +/- 1.9). There was also a significant decrease of lower esophageal sphincter pressure after treatment in the BTX group and the dilation group. There were no significant differences with regard to overall treatment failure and long-term outcome between patients who had or had not received previous treatment. No major complications were encountered in either group. An actuarial analysis over 48 months comparing patients receiving BTX injection or balloon dilation demonstrated that after 12 months neither therapy was significantly superior. After 24 months a single pneumatic dilation was superior to a single BTX injection, and after 48 months all patients treated by BTX injection had experienced a symptomatic relapse. In contrast, 35 % of all patients treated by dilation and 45 % of patients treated successfully by dilation were still symptom-free in an intention-to-treat analysis after 48 months. When the overall costs of treatment and further treatment after recurrence were compared, dilation and BTX injection showed a similar cost-effectiveness (costs per symptom-free day) after 48 months. CONCLUSIONS: BTX injection, which can be performed in an outpatient setting, is as safe and cost-effective as balloon dilation in symptomatic achalasia. Taking into account the lower long-term efficacy of BTX injection therapy, however, it is an alternative only in a minority of older or high-risk patients.     

腔内支架术在治疗食管良性狭窄应用中的分析

目的:进一步探讨腔内支架术在治疗食管良性狭窄中的价值。材料与方法:对因食管良性狭窄进行支架术的病例进行了回顾分析。其中食管化学药液烧伤引起的狭窄3例、贲门失弛缓症8例,共安放支架14根,支架均经胃镜在X线电视下植入。结果:支架植入均一次成功,改善了患者的进食能力,提高患者的生活质量。术后常见并发症:术后胸痛、返流性食管炎,少见并发症:上消化道出血、置管后再狭窄。结论:贲门失弛缓症应慎用腔内支架术治疗,化学药液引起的管腔狭窄不宜采用腔内支架术治疗。     

贲门失弛缓症的内镜下治疗

目的 :比较贲门失弛缓症的几种内镜下治疗方法。方法 :使用OlympusGIF130电子胃镜、CRE球囊扩张器、A型肉毒碱、1%乙氧硬化醇 ,将 2 1例患者随机分成三组 ,分别行球囊扩张术、肉毒碱注射治疗及硬化剂注射。结果 :硬化剂注射组每例平均注射 2 .6 7次 ,疗效明显差于球囊扩张组及肉毒碱注射组 ;但患者难以忍受球囊扩张所引起的剧烈疼痛 ,且危险性大。结论 :LES内注射A型肉毒碱操作简单 ,患者痛苦小 ,安全可靠 ,不良反应极少 ;治疗费用低 ,且疗效肯定 ,值得推广。     

肉毒杆菌毒素局部注射联合小气囊扩张治疗贲门失弛缓症

目的：探讨肉毒杆菌毒素（BT）联合小气囊扩张治疗贲门失弛缓症的疗效及食管动力学变化.方法：29例贲门失弛缓症患者, 在内镜直视下行食管下部括约肌（LES）内注射 BT联合小气囊扩张治疗,进行症状评分及食管测压检查.结果：29例患者临床症状较治疗前明显改善（P＜0.05）;食管下部括约肌压力（LESP）,松弛率（LESRR）明显降低（P＜0.01）;治疗前后食管体部均为非推进性蠕动波.结论：经内镜注射BT联合小气囊扩张治疗贲门失弛缓症可明显缓解患者的临床症状,改善食管动力,是一种简单、安全、有效的治疗方法.     

气囊扩张与肉毒毒素注射序贯联合治疗贲门失弛缓症的临床研究

目的 研究气囊扩张序贯联合A型肉毒毒素注射治疗贲门失弛缓症的近、远期疗效。方法 43例被确诊原发性贲门失弛缓症的患者随机分成两组：A组接受单纯气囊扩张治疗；B组接受气囊扩张治疗1周后，在内镜直视下LES内注射A型肉毒毒素治疗。分别于治疗后1、3、6、12和24个月随访观察患者的临床症状评分、贲门口内径、5min存留钡柱高度等。结果 治疗后3个月两组的近期疗效显著，但无统计学差异。治疗后6、12和24个月B组的有效率分别为72．2％、61．1％、40％，高于气囊扩张治疗组36％、28％、16％，有统计学差异，其中治疗后12、24个月序贯联合组的有效率显著高于气囊扩张治疗组。A组有9例分别于治疗后8、12、17个月因再次出现进食困难进行再次扩张。结论 气囊扩张序贯联合食管下括约肌内注射A型肉毒毒素治疗技术操作简单，安全性高，治疗费用经济，且近远期疗效高，是兼顾病因治疗、对症治疗行之有效的方法之一。